Disease resistant grapevine varieties and quality: the case of Bouquet varieties

The disease resistant grapevine varieties (ref A. Bouquet) were obtained by INRA from 4 or 5 generations of backcrossing between Muscadinia rotundifolia and Vitis vinifera and exhibit a high level of resistance against downy and powdery mildew. These varieties carry the resistance genes RUN 1 and RPV1, with several other secondary genes at one chromosomal locus. Agronomic criteria were studied for all these selections. Among the selected grapevine species, some have high levels of polyphenols. Some (white and red) have a high aromatic potential, while others have low sugar contents (135 g/L to 150 g/L) and adapted sugar/acidity ratio. All these characteristics were combined to design a new set of vine cultivars dedicated to the production of either low-alcohol wines, grape juices, or classical wines. Since 2012, within a France Agrimer/CIVL/INRA financial framework, 10 plots (0.5 ha each) were planted at INRA Pech Rouge with 8 resistant grape varieties (ref A. Bouquet) in order to examine long-term resistance to diseases and to define quality criteria for the classification of the wines obtained from these new grape varieties

Pathogenesis of Junonia coenia densovirus in Spodoptera frugiperda: A route of infection that leads to hypoxia

AbstractTo evaluate densovirus potential against lepidopteran pests and their capacity to invade new hosts, we have characterised in vivo the infection and pathogenesis of the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) in the noctuid pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Here we show that infection starts with the ingestion of viral particles that cross the midgut epithelium without replicating. By quantitative PCR we established the kinetic and the route of infection, from virus ingestion to replication in visceral tracheae and hemocytes. JcDNV has a high particle-to-infection ratio mostly due to the barrier function of the midgut. Pathology and cytopathology suggested that infection of tracheal cells impairs oxygen delivery to demanding tissues leading to cytopathic effects in all the tissues. Finally, larval death results from several physiological shocks, including molting arrest and anoxia

Constitution d'une échelle d'évaluation des dommages liés aux cavités souterraines. Une approche pluridisciplinaire d'aide à la décision

International audienceSoil subsidence following underground cavities collapse can cause severe losses. These losses must be evaluated as soon as the subsidence occurs or can be estimated before. Induced damage may outweigh direct losses at long term. Most of existent damage scales do not take in consideration these induced and indirect consequences that may occur. We suggest a new approach that analyses direct and induced effects of underground cavities collapses through a functional description of concerned area. We show how we can estimate direct damages to functions as well as their economical, social, political or mediatical impacts by means of a tool which can be used for decision-aid.Lorsque l'instabilité des cavités souterraines peut menacer des biens ou des personnes, il est nécessaire de réaliser de façon préventive une évaluation des dommages potentiels ainsi qu'une estimation rapide de ces mêmes dommages quand l'effondrement de ces cavités survient. La majorité des échelles de dommages existantes et utilisées ne prennent en compte que des dommages matériels, aux biens et aux personnes, aisément et rapidement accessibles. Néanmoins les dommages matériels reflètent insuffisamment l'importance d'un effondrement car les dommages induits peuvent être très importants. Pour rendre compte de ces dommages induits, nous proposons une approche dans laquelle les enjeux exposés sont non seulement des biens et des personnes mais aussi les fonctions que ces derniers assurent au sein de la collectivité. Nous suggérons ainsi une grille de lecture matricielle où figurent en ligne, les biens, les personnes, ainsi que les fonctions ou services et en colonne, les différents systèmes possibles d'évaluation de ces dommages (évaluation économique, politique, sociale, ...). Se dessine alors un outil pour la prévention et pour la gestion de crise permettant aux décideurs d'évaluer les dommages dus aux cavités souterraines. C'est le principe de cet outil que nous exposons dans cet article

Natalizumab alters the TCR repertoire after one year of treatment in four MS patients

International audiencen.

Els artistes i la guerra

Abstract not availabl

Personality, Alzheimer's disease and behavioural and cognitive symptoms of dementia: the PACO prospective cohort study protocol

International audienceBACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is characterised by a loss of cognitive function and behavioural problems as set out in the term "Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia". These behavioural symptoms have heavy consequences for the patients and their families. A greater understanding of behavioural symptoms risk factors would allow better detection of those patients, a better understanding of crisis situations and better management of these patients. Some retrospective studies or simple observations suggested that personality could play a role in the occurrence of behavioural symptoms. Finally, performance in social cognition like facial recognition and perspective taking could be linked to certain personality traits and the subsequent risks of behavioural symptoms. We propose to clarify this through a prospective, multicentre, multidisciplinary study. Main Objective: -To assess the effect of personality and life events on the risk of developing behavioural symptoms. Secondary Objectives: -To evaluate, at the time of inclusion, the connection between personality and performance in social cognition tests; -To evaluate the correlation between performance in social cognition at inclusion and the risks of occurrence of behavioural symptoms; -To evaluate the correlation between regional cerebral atrophy, using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging at baseline, and the risk of behavioural symptoms.METHODS/DESIGN: Study type and Population: Prospective multicentre cohort study with 252 patients with Alzheimer's disease at prodromal or mild dementia stage. The inclusion period will be of 18 months and the patients will be followed during 18 months. The initial evaluation will include: a clinical and neuropsychological examination, collection of behavioural symptoms data (Neuropsychiatric-Inventory scale) and their risk factors, a personality study using both a dimensional (personality traits) and categorical approach, an inventory of life events, social cognition tests and an Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Patients will be followed every 6 months (clinical examination and collection of behavioural symptoms data and risk factors) during 18 months.DISCUSSION: This study aims at better identifying the patients with Alzheimer's disease at high risk of developing behavioural symptoms, to anticipate, detect and quickly treat these disorders and so, prevent serious consequences for the patient and his caregivers.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClincalTrials.gov: NCT01297140