The Awareness and Attitude of, Midwives Working in Private Offices in Tehran Province, Iran Toward Abortion Laws and Related Factors

Abstract Introduction: Legal abortion is performed to prevent maternal and fetal disorders. Midwives' awareness and attitude toward abortion laws have undeniable effects on the decisions made by women with high-risk pregnancies. By recent study, The present study evaluated the awareness and attitudes of midwives working in private offices in Tehran Province, Iran, toward abortion laws and related factors. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done in 2016. A total of 236 midwives were selected from Tehran Province took simple random sampling. The data were collected took using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire by items related to demographic characteristics, awareness, and attitude. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive tests (mean, standard deviation, confidence interval, frequency, and relative frequency) and linear regression analysis. Results: The midwives' mean scores of awareness and attitude were 57.7 ± 7.44 (95% CI: 56.61-58.54) and 99.08 ± 10.09 (95% CI: 97.83-100.38), respectively. Midwives' age (B = 0.21), work shifts in the midwifery office (B = 1.29), being a member of the Midwifery Learner Society (B = 3.05), and cooperating with local legal medicine centers (B = 3.63) were found to be the predictors of awareness scores. Gain experience in the midwifery office was the only predictor of midwives' attitude, i.e., every one-year increase in work experience decreased the scores of attitude by 1.61 points. Conclusions: The participating midwives had a moderate level of awareness, which was affected by different variables. Cooperating with local legal medicine centers had the most significant effect on improving midwives' awareness. Moreover, the midwives had low scores of attitude, and a few variables predicted their attitude

Internal evaluation of speech therapy department of Semnan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Using students' view for teacher evaluation is a common method. This study was designed to investigate the view of faculties and medical students about faculty teaching experiences. Materials and Methods: 100 medical students and 35 faculties from Jahrom University of Medical Sciences were participated in this study. Two separate questionnaires were designed for this purpose and after determining validity and reliability completed by teachers and students. Results: 70.9 percent of faculties reported that they are satisfied with evaluation by students. 48.6 percent of them reported that feedback from this evaluation improved their teaching. 48.8 percent of them thought that some students behave spitefully. 60 percent reported self assessments as a useful method for evaluation of their own teaching. The majority of medical students (76.6%) reported that teachers' communication skills are one of the important factors in teacher evaluation. 67.4 percent of them reported that they completed the teachers' evaluation forms carefully and 60.9 percent of them asserted that teachers, who take difficult examinations, have lower grades in evaluation forms. Conclusion: In general, most teachers are agreed with teacher evaluation. Since students' opinion about their teachers is influenced by some factors which have no close relationship with the evaluation subject and is merely related to other factors, using other evaluation methods such as self evaluation and peer evaluation seems to be necessary. In addition, we should establish a single national and standard method for teacher evaluation all over the country

TLD Evaluation for the XFEL Main Linac in 2017 -TLD Auswertung 2017 für den XFEL Main Linac

Thermoluminoscense dosimeters (TLD) are installed at several positions along the XFEL main linac tunnel inside the concrete shielding of the electronics racks. They have been readout regularly in every longer shutdown. This way, the total dose accumulated inside the electronics racks is monitored. This document discusses the dosimetry results

Lateral Hypothalamus Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor-1 Inhibition and Modulating Stress-induced Anxiety Behavior

Introduction: Stress is a reaction to unwanted events disturbing body homeostasis and its pathways and target areas. Stress affects the brain through the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), the orexinergic system that mediates the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) through CRH Receptor Type 1 (CRHr1). Therefore, this study explores the outcome of stress exposure on anxiety development and the involvement of the LHA through LHA-CRHr1. Methods: Male Wistar rats (220-250 g) implanted with a cannula on either side of the LHA received acute or chronic stress. Subsequently, exploratory behavior was examined using the Open Field (OF), and anxiety was tested by Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Before sacrifice, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood were sampled. Nissl stain was performed on fixed brain tissues. Results: Acute stress reduced exploration in of and increased anxiety in EPM. LHA-CRHr1 inhibition reversed the variables to increase the exploration and decrease anxiety. In contrast, chronic stress did not show any effect on anxiety-related behaviors. Chronic stress decreased the cell population in the LHA, which was prevented by the CRHr1 inhibition. However, the CRHr1 inhibition could not reverse the chronic stress-induced increase in the CSF orexin level. Furthermore, plasma corticosterone levels increased through acute or chronic stress, impeded by the inhibition of CRHr1.  Conclusion: Our results recognize LHA-CRHr1 as a capable candidate that modulates acute stress-induced anxiety development and chronic stress-induced changes in the cellular population of the region