Gendering migratory social spaces in Upper Egypt

Male out migration especially to Gulf countries is a well-established phenomenon in Upper Egypt. It is considered the easy way out of poverty and unemployment. Moreover, remittances represent the only monetary source for most migratory families. This thesis explores the impact of male out migration on their community of origin with a special focus on its impact on women. Fieldwork has been conducted in the village of Hekma, Qena, Upper Egypt where everything is influenced by the absence of men. A gendered approach is utilized to understand the everyday life of this community. This thesis consists of three main parts. The first part investigates how the social space is influenced by the absence of men. The second part explores remittances as a process and its role in the economic life with special attention to the role of women in this process. In addition, it discusses women’s empowerment from the understanding of Hekma women. The third part investigates the impact of remittances on consumption at the household level, as well as the difference between remittance receiving and non-receiving households. This thesis contributes to the gender and migration discourse as it offers a new understanding of social space, remittances and consumption in an Upper Egyptian context

Career development in the bureaucracy of Jordan

Abstract available: p.

Phonological and morphological variation in the speech of Fallahis in Karak (Jordan)

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Behavior, Switching Losses, and Efficiency Enhancement Potentials of 1200 V SiC Power Devices for Hard-Switched Power Converters

Semiconductor power devices are the major constituents of any power conversion system. These systems are faced by many circumscriptions due to the operating constraints of silicon (Si) based semiconductors under certain conditions. The emergence and persistence evolution of wide bandgap technology pledge to transcend the restrictions imposed by Si based semiconductors. This paper presents a thorough experimental study and assessment of the performance of three power devices: 1200 V SiC cascode, 1200 V SiC MOSFET, and 1200 V Si IGBT under the same hardware setup. The study aims to capture the major attributes for each power device toward determining their realistic potential applications. The switching performance of each power device is studied and reported. As the gate resistance is a crucial factor in a power device characterization, an extensive analysis of hard-switching losses under different separated turn-on and turnoff gate resistances is also performed and discussed. To appraise the fast switching capability, the switching dv/dts and di/dts are measured and analyzed for each power device. Furthermore, insights are provided about the dependency of switching energy losses on the power device current and blocking voltage. This paper also focuses on evaluating the operations and the performances of these power devices in a hard-switched dc-dc converter topology. While using of 1200 V SiC Schottky diode in the converter design with each power device, the high switching frequency operations and efficiency of the converter are reported and thoroughly explored. The SiC cascode exhibited superior performance when compared to the other two power devices. The results and analyses represent guidelines and prospects for designing advanced power conversion systems

Study the Inhibition Effect of Amoxicillin Drug for Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Saline Media

          تم استخدام طرق الاستقطاب المجهادي الساكن وفقدان الوزن لدراسة سلوك تآكل الفولاذ الكربوني في محلول كلوريد الصوديوم بتراكيز مختلفة (0.1 و 0.4 و 0.6) مولاري تحت تأثير درجات الحرارة (293 و 298 و 303 و 308 و 313) كلفن. كذلك تم دراسة كفاءة تثبيط دواء الأموكسيسيلين على تآكل  الفولاذ الكربوني في  محلول كلوريد الصوديوم بتركيز 0,6 مولاري على أساس التركيز ودرجة الحرارة. أظهرت النتائج المستحصل عليها  ان كل تراكيز الملح (محلول كلوريد الصوديوم) أدت إلى   تآكل الفولاذ الكربوني بنسب متفاوتة وكان معدل التآكل عند تركيز 0.6 مولاري من محلول الملح هو الاعلى (50.46 جم / م 2 د). تشير النتائج أيضًا إلى أن معدل التآكل لكل تراكيز الملح  يزداد عند درجة حرارة 313 كلفن. أظهرت دراسات الاستقطاب المجهادي أن المثبط يقلل كل من العمليات الأنودية و الكاثودية ويتصرف كمثبط من النوع المختلط. وجد ان  امتزاز ألاموكسيسيلين يخضع لنموذج  لانكماير متساوي الحرارة. تم استخدام معادلة ارينيوس ونظرية الحالة الانتقالية لحساب  المعاملات الحركية والديناميكية الحرارية. أظهرت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها أن تفاعل تآكل الفولاذ الكربوني في كلوريد الصوديوم هو تلقائي وهناك اتفاق جيد بين النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من كلتا التقنيتين المستخدمتين. تم إجراء تحليلات بالمجهر الالكتروني الماسح ((SEM لدراسة ثبات الطبقة الواقية للمثبط.          Potentiostatic polarization and weight loss methods have been used to investigate the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in sodium chloride solution at different concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 0.6) M under the influence of temperatures ( 293, 298, 303, 308 and 313) K. The inhibition efficiency of the amoxicillin drug on carbon steel in 0.6 M NaCl has also been studied based on concentration and temperature. The corrosion rate showed that all salt concentrations ( NaCl solution) resulted in corrosion of carbon steel in varying ratio and 0.6 M of salt solution  was the highest rate (50.46 g/m².d). The results also indicate that the rate of corrosion increases at a temperature of 313 K.. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the examined inhibitor suppress both anodic and cathodic process and behave as mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of amoxicillin was found to obey Langmuir isotherm model. Arrhenius equation and transition state theory were used to calculate kinetic and thermodynamic parameter. Results obtained showed that corrosion reaction of carbon steel in NaCl is spontaneous and there is a good agreement between the data got from the both techniques employed. SEM analysis was performed to study the film persistency of the inhibitor

Health effects of air pollution in worldwide countries: an ecological study

Background and aims: Air pollution is one of the health problems worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the impacts of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between air pollution levels and different health indicators among world countries. Methods: This ecological study was performed in 2013 by using dataset of World Health Organization (WHO). The main variable in our study was air pollution index. The data including Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) (per 100000 live births), Life Expectancy at birth (LE), preterm birth rate (per 1000 live births) and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) death rate (per 100000 populations) from 91 countries were extracted. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the linear correlation between air pollution and investigated indexes using Stata 11. Results: MMR (r=0.36, P=0.001) and NCD death rate (r=0.31, P=0.002) were positively associated with air pollution level. The rate of air pollution was also negatively associated with LE among world countries (r=-0.57, P=0.001). Our findings have not shown any significant liner association between air pollution and preterm birth rate (r=0.14, P=0.41). Conclusion: Our results are in agreement with other recent findings that there is an association between air pollution and health indexes, especially mortality rate. Accordingly, from a public health perspective, reducing pollutant emissions to outdoor air should be a high priority for all countries

A Prioritized Uplink Call Admission Control Algorithm for 3G WCDMA Cellular Systems with Multi-Services

The 3G cellular mobile systems which are based on WCDMA technology are expected to be interference limited. Soft capacity is one of the main characteristics of 3G (i.e, UMTS) and it requires new radio resource management strategies to serve diverse quality of service requirements. In this paper, a WCDMA prioritized uplink call admission control (CAC) algorithm for UMTS, which combines QoS negotiation and service differentiation by priority, is studied. This CAC scheme gives preferential treatment to high priority calls, such as soft handoff calls, by reserving some bandwidth margin (soft guard channel) to reduce handoff failures. In addition, queuing is also used to enhance the handoff success probability. The algorithm uses the effective load as an admission criterion and applies different thresholds for new and handoff calls. Finally, the study considers two types of services: voice and data calls. Results indicate that this algorithm reduces the drop handoff calls and increases the total system capacity; hence the GoS and the system performance can significantly be improved especially in case of high mobility environments