Study a Structural Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded GFRP Reinforced Columns Made of Geopolymer Concrete

This study investigated a modern composite material, which is a short geopolymer concrete column (GPCC) reinforced by GFRP bars. The structural performances of GPCC subjected to eccentric load were studied and compared to the normal strength concrete column (NSCC) reinforced by steel bars. In this study, the primary experimental parameters were the reinforcement bars types, load eccentricity, and concrete types. Seven short columns were tested: three normal strength concrete columns reinforced by steel bars, three geopolymer concrete columns reinforced by GFRP bars and one normal strength concrete column without reinforcement. The model dimensions chosen in the present study was a square section of 130×130 mm and a total height of 850 mm. It was shown that the steel bars contribute about 16.47% of column capacity under concentric load. Comparing with the normal strength concrete column, a geopolymer concrete column reinforced by GFRP bars showed a little increase in ultimate load (5.17%) under concentric load. Under the load eccentricity of 130 mm, a geopolymer concrete column reinforced by GFRP bars showed a significant increase in the ultimate load (69.37%). Under large eccentricity, a geopolymer concrete column reinforced by GFRP bars has an outstanding effect on the columns' ultimate load capacity. Also, the sine form can be utilized for GPCC to find the lateral deflection along with the column high at different load values up to the failure

Investigations on Recycling Methods of Gypsum Plaster Waste (Review)‎

يحتاج الإنسان إلى الحفاظ على البيئة التي يعيش فيها من أجل أن تبقى مناسبة للحياة للأجيال القادمة. حيث تتسبب الصناعات المختلفة التي يشكلها الإنسان في تلوث البيئة من خلال الطمر بالمخلفات التي تنتج عنها وتتسبب في استهلاك مواد أولية جديدة. من هذه الصناعات، صناعة البورك. حيث يتم إنتاج كمية كبيرة من مخلفات البورك من مجالات مختلفة يتم فيها استخدام البورك. لذلك من الضروري العمل على الحد من هذه النفايات عن طريق إعادة استخدامها أو إعادة تدويرها بأقل التكاليف والإجراءات. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مراجعة الطرق المستخدمة لتقليل كمية مخلفات البورك ومعرفة أفضلها. يمكن الاستنتاج أن أفضل الطرق لتقليل كمية مخلفات البورك بإعادة تدويرها بأقل التكاليف أو إعادة استخدامها بدون أي إجراءات مضافة.Humans need to keep on the clean environment in order to refine suitable life for the next generators. Where, the different industries formed by human, cause the environmental pollution by landfill with wastes produced from it and cause the consumption of fresh raw materials. One of these industries, is gypsum plaster industry. Where, a large amount of gypsum plaster waste is produced from different fields that use the gypsum plaster. Therefore, it is necessary to work on reduction of these wastes by reusing or recycling them with the least costs and procedures. This study aims to review the ways used to reduce gypsum waste amount and to figure ant the best among them. It can be concluded that the best ways to reduce the gypsum waste amount are by recycling it with the least costs or reusing it without any additional procedures