Evaluating and adapting the ASQ-3™ for use in England : Introducing the ASQ-3™ to the health and development review for 2-2.5 year old children

Avril Nash, Sally Kendall, ‘Evaluating and adapting the ASQ-3™ for use in England: Introducing the ASQ-3™ to the health and development review for 2-2.5 year old children’, poster presented at the ASQ Around the World Symposium, San Francisco, USA, 4-5 September, 2014.Evaluating and adapting the ASQ-3 for use in England With the proposed introduction of the ASQ-3 to the child health and development review in England to which all 2-2½ year old children are invited, research was undertaken to evaluate the views of parents and professionals who are already using the measure. Research findings are reported together with details on how the research is informing preparations for wider usage. The latter include the development of a British-English translation of the measure and the creation of a two-part e-learning package as a training tool for health professionals on incorporating the ASQ-3 into the review.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Landscapes of shame in the church: a typology to inform ministerial praxis

This thesis answers the question How might an understanding of shame in the church inform approaches to ministerial praxis? It is methodologically a creative piece of practical theology which begins and ends with an autoethnographic reflection, drawing on the metaphor of landscape. The practical theology methodology involved the following stages: noticing; reflexivity; describing, naming; focusing; investigating; analysing; evaluating; theorizing, synthesizing; and responding, while drawing on insights from a mixed methods approach to qualitative research. The empirical research involved an anonymous online survey (261 respondents) to church leaders, church members and theological educators and two representative focus groups. Shame is defined phenomenologically using a range of disciplines; a review of literature relevant to shame and ministerial praxis is included. The unique contribution this thesis makes is twofold. Firstly, the development of an empirically underpinned typology of shame in the church which has six domains: personal, relational, communal, structural, theological and historical facilitating the identification of shame which is often a hidden phenomenon. Secondly, identifying specific approaches to ministerial praxis which help mitigate such shame including a shame examen to assist conscientization. The final chapter discusses the author’s learning about shame, ministerial praxis, doing theology and theological education

Panel Resource Management (PRM) Implementation and Effects within Safety Review Panel Settings and Dynamics

While technical training and advanced degree's assure proficiency at specific tasks within engineering disciplines, they fail to address the potential for communication breakdown and decision making errors familiar to multicultural environments where language barriers, intimidating personalities and interdisciplinary misconceptions exist. In an effort to minimize these pitfalls to effective panel review, NASA's lead safety engineers to the ISS Safety Review Panel (SRP), and Payload Safety Review Panel (PSRP) initiated training with their engineers, in conjunction with the panel chairs, and began a Panel Resource Management (PRM) program. The intent of this program focuses on the ability to reduce the barriers inhibiting effective participation from all panel attendees by bolstering participants confidence levels through increased communication skills, situational awareness, debriefing, and a better technical understanding of requirements and systems

Evaluating the use of a population measure of child development in the Healthy Child Programme Two Year Review

Aims and Objectives The overall aim of this study was to inform the use of ASQ-3™ and of ASQ:SE in the Healthy Child Programme two year review which in turn is intended to contribute to overall improved outcomes for children and their families. Aim To explore the acceptability and understanding of the ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE as measures of child development as part of the Healthy Child Programme two year review among health professionals and parents. Objectives 1. To determine the acceptability of ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE among parents of children who have had a HCP a two year review. 2. To investigate parents’ understanding of ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE used as part of the 2 year review. 3. To determine the acceptability of ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE among health professionals using the measures as part of the HCP two year review. 4. To investigate health professionals’ understanding of ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE as part of the two year review. Methods Four study sites known to be currently using ASQ-3 as part of the HCP two year review were selected to reflect differences in geography and in socio-demographic characteristics of the population. A mixed methods approach was taken and data were collected from 153 parents of children who were due their HCP two year review and 126 health professionals conducting two year reviews using survey questionnaires. Twelve focus groups involving 85 health professionals were conducted, 40 parents interviewed individually and 12 HCP two year reviews observed. Findings The key findings were: ? In general, most parents and HPs accepted the ASQ-3 as a measure that provides useful information about a child’s development at two years. ? Parents and HPs were less certain that ASQ:SE could provide an accurate assessment of social and emotional development. ? Parents enjoyed and found it valuable to observe their own child and make their own observations prior to an assessment visit either in a clinic or at home. ? Parents and HPs were positive about the opportunity to work in partnership in relation to the child’s development. ? There was wide variation both across and within the areas studied as to how the ASQ-3 was used (home, clinic, with parents, put to one side, scored differently, health visitor or community nursery nurse, referrals and re-reviews etc.) ? There was considerable variation around the preparation and training for the ASQ-3 and ASQ:SE amongst HPs. ? There was some evidence of confusion about the purpose of the ASQ-3, namely whether it was for screening developmental delay or for use as an assessment tool. ? There was misunderstanding and criticism of some of the individual questions, especially where there was use of American vocabulary or activities that did not make sense to parents or HPs and also misunderstanding of the possible responses. ? There was evidence of misunderstanding of the scoring of the ASQ-3, potentially leading to over- or under- reporting of developmental delay. ? There were problems in the reporting of the scores and the assessment related to time availability, access to a suitable electronic record system such as RIO, access to computers and internet, over-reliance on hard copy and reporting scores in the Personal Child Health Record (PCHR). ? There was some evidence of variation in practice in making referrals for speech and language or paediatric assessment

Building on the Past - Looking to the Future. Part 2: A Focus on Expanding Horizons

The history of space endeavors stretches far from the first liquid-fueled rocket created by the father of modern rocketry, Robert Goddard, in 1926 and will certainly extend far beyond the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) scheduled to be complete with the addition of the Permanent Multipurpose Module on STS-133/ULF5. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the ISS International Partners (IPs) will be the unrelenting venue used to satisfy the curiosities of man as we seek an understanding of space through various experiments (also referred to as payloads) conducted in microgravity. The NASA Payload Safety Review Panel (PSRP) continues to serve as the lead for the review and assessment of payload hardware to assure facility and crew safety. This is the second in a series of papers and presentations that illustrate challenges and lessons learned in the areas of communication, safety requirements, and processes which have been vital to the PSRP

Building on the Past - Looking to the Future: A Focus on Payload Safety

The history of the space industry stretches far and above lunar landings to the construction of the International Space Station. For years, humans have sought to understand the nature of the universe. As society grows in knowledge and curiosity of space, the focus of maintaining the safety of the crew and vehicle habitability is of utmost importance to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) community. Through the years, Payload Safety has developed not only as a Panel, but also as part of the NASA community, striving to enhance the efficiency and understanding of how business should be conducted as more International Partners become involved. This is the first in a series of papers and presentations in what is hoped to be an annual update that provides continuous challenges and lessons learned in the areas of communication, safety requirements and processes and other areas which have been vital to the Payload Safety Review Panel (PSRP)

Enhancing resilience and self-efficacy in the parents of children with disabilities and complex health needs

Aim: The principal aim of this study was to develop, pilot and evaluate an intervention intended to support the development of resilience and self-efficacy in parents of children with disabilities or complex health needs. Background: Previous research has found that families often experience physical, social and emotional stress in the context of living with and caring for their disabled child. The literature indicates that a key factor in determining how well the parents of these children cope with their situation may be how resilient and self-efficacious they are. Methods: A total of 16 parents of children with complex needs and disabilities were engaged in a series of guided conversations delivered during six contact visits with nurse co-researchers (community children’s nurses who had received an intensive three-day preparation programme). The conversations, which were supported with additional material that was designed specifically for use in the study, were based around four key themes: emotional coping, practical coping, support networks and ‘you and your child’. The impact of the intervention was evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative measures. Findings: When interviewed, parents reported increased self-belief and self-confidence and indicated that they felt better supported and stronger as a result of the intervention. This was consistent with the quantitative evaluation which identified significant improvements on scores for active coping and self-blame on the brief COPE inventory scale and for empathy and understanding and self-acceptance on the TOPSE scale. Scores on the self-report distress thermometer demonstrated a significant reduction in self-reported distress scores at the end of the intervention period

Acceptability and understanding of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition, as part of the Healthy Child Programme 2?year health and development review in England: Parent and professional perspectives

Background The Healthy Child Programme is the universal public health system in England to assess and monitor child health from 0 to 19. Following a review of measures for closer monitoring at age 2 years, the Department of Health for England implemented the Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition (ASQ?3™; Hereon, ASQ?3). Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and understanding of the ASQ?3 in England by health professionals and parents. Method A mixed?methods approach was used. This paper reports on the qualitative data drawn from interviews with 40 parents and 12 focus groups with 85 health professionals. The data were analysed using applied thematic analysis. Findings Overall, parents and health professionals found the ASQ?3 acceptable and understandable and could use it as a measure at age 2 years. The ability to work in partnership was valued. Some limitations included potential to cause anxiety, concerns around the safety of some of the items, and use of Americanized language. Health professional's training in the use the ASQ?3 was inconsistent. Conclusion The ASQ?3 is an acceptable and understandable measure to use as part of the 2?year assessment with some adaptations to the English context and some standardized training for health professionals

Measurement of Tidal Form Drag Using Seafloor Pressure Sensors

As currents flow over rough topography, the pressure difference between the up-and downstream sides results in form drag-a force that opposes the flow. Measuring form drag is valuable because it can be used to estimate the loss of energy from currents as they interact with topography. An array of bottom pressure sensors was used to measure the tidal form drag on a sloping ridge in 200 m of water that forms a 1-km headland at the surface in Puget Sound, Washington. The form drag per unit length of the ridge reached 1 x 10⁴ N m⁻¹ during peak flood tides. The tidally averaged power removed from the tidal currents by form drag was 0.2 W m⁻², which is 30 times larger than power losses to friction. Form drag is best parameterized by a linear wave drag law as opposed to a bluff body drag law because the flow is stratified and both internal waves and eddies are generated on the sloping topography. Maximum turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates of 5 x 10⁻⁵ W kg⁻¹ were measured with a microstructure profiler and are estimated to account for 25%-50% of energy lost from the tides. This study is among the first to measure form drag directly using bottom pressure sensors. The measurement and analysis techniques presented here are suitable for periodically reversing flows because they require the removal of a time-mean signal. The advantage of this technique is that it delivers a continuous record of form drag and is much less ship intensive compared to previous methods for estimation of the bottom pressure field.Keywords: Stratified flow, Rough topography, Lee Waves, Ocean, Nonlinear internal waves, Headland, Conversion, Dissipation, Slope, Generatio