Potensi Cryopreservasion Benih Kopi Arabika: Pengaruh Potensial Osmotik Dan Durasi Osmoconditioning Terhadap Viabilitas Dan Indeks Vigor Hipotetik Benih

Cryopreservasion Potency of Coffea arabica Seed: Influence of Potential Osmotic and Osmoconditioning Duration to Viability and Hypothetic Vigor Index of Seed. This research aimed to prove the influence of potential osmotic and osmoconditioning to cure the seed viability and hypothetic vigor index of Coffea arabica as the result of draining or degradation of seed water until 12%. This research was an early step to test cryopreservasion potency of Coffea arabica seed, arranging factorially in Completely Randomized Design, consisting of two factors that are three potential osmotic levels (P): -0.5 Mpa; -1.0 MPa and -1.5 Mpa; and 3osmoconditioning duration level (D): 3, 5, and 7 days; and control (without osmoconditioning). Variables measured were electrical conductivity, free fat acid contents, radicel growth, time required for reaching 50% seed germination (T50), seed viability and hypothetic vigor index. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%. The result indicated that potential osmotic -0.5 MPa of osmoconditioning performed best influence to T50. Potential osmotic of -1.5 MPa presented best effect to seed viability and hypothetic vigor index. Five days Osmoconditioning performed best influence to time T50. Potential osmotic -0.5 MPa of 3-days osmoconditioning presented best influence to free fat acid contents and seed viability. Potential osmotic -0.5 MPa of 5-days osmoconditioning performed best influence to free fat acid contents and radicel growth. Potential osmotic -1,0 MPa and 5-days osmoconditioning were best affected to seed viability; while, potential osmotic -1.5 MPa of 5-days osmoconditioning also performed best influence to seed viability, and potential osmotic -1.5 MPa of 7-days were significant to seed viability and electrical conductivity of Coffea arabica

Automatic detection of Crohn's disease using quantified motility in magnetic resonance enterography : initial experiences

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The AuthorsAIM: To report initial experiences of automatic detection of Crohn's disease (CD) using quantified motility in magnetic resonance enterography (MRE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 302 patients, three datasets with roughly equal proportions of CD and non-CD cases with various illnesses were drawn for testing and neural network training and validation. All datasets had unique MRE parameter configurations and were performed in free breathing. Nine neural networks were devised for automatic generation of three different regions of interests (ROI): small bowel, all bowel, and non-bowel. Additionally, a full-image ROI was tested. The motility in an MRE series was quantified via a registration procedure, which, accompanied with given ROIs, resulted in three motility indices (MI). A subset of the indices was used as an input for a binary logistic regression classifier, which predicted whether the MRE series represented CD. RESULTS: The highest mean area under the curve (AUC) score, 0.78, was reached using the full-image ROI and with the dataset with the highest cine series length. The best AUC scores for the other two datasets were only 0.54 and 0.49. CONCLUSION: The automatic system was able to detect CD in the group of MRE studies with lower temporal resolution and longer cine series showing potential in primary bowel disorder diagnostics. Larger ROI selections and utilising all available cine series for motility registration yielded slight performance improvements. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal College of Radiologists. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Peer reviewe

Porosities and dimensions of measures

We introduce a concept of porosity for measures and study relations between dimensions and porosities for two classes of measures: measures on $R^n$ which satisfy the doubling condition and strongly porous measures on $R$.Comment: Jarvenpaa = J\"arvenp\"a\"

A comparative cohort study of Duhamel and Endorectal Pullthrough for Hirschsprung's Disease

Background: There are limited data available to compare outcomes between surgical approaches for Hirschsprung’s disease. Duhamel and endorectal pull-through (ERPT) are two of the most common procedures performed worldwide. // Methods: Objective outcomes were compared between contemporary cohorts (aged 4–32 years) after Duhamel or ERPT using case–control methodology. Data were collected using prospectively administered standardized questionnaires on bowel and bladder function and quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Short form 36 and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index). Patients were compared in two age groups (18 years and younger and older than 18 years) and reference made to normative control data. Multivariable analysis explored factors associated with poor outcomes. // Results: Cohorts were well matched by demographics, disease characteristics and incidence of postoperative complications (120 patients who underwent Duhamel versus 57 patients who had ERPT). Bowel function scores were similar between groups. Patients who underwent Duhamel demonstrated worse constipation and inferior faecal awareness scores (P < 0.01 for both age groups). Recurrent postoperative enterocolitis was significantly more common after ERPT (34 versus 6 per cent; odds ratio 15.56 (95 per cent c.i. 6.19 to 39.24; P < 0.0001)). On multivariable analysis, poor bowel outcome was the only factor significantly associated with poor urinary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 6.66 (95 per cent c.i. 1.74 to 25.50; P = 0.006)) and was significantly associated with markedly reduced quality of life (QoL) in all instruments used (P < 0.001 for all). There were no associations between QoL measures and pull-through technique. // Conclusion: Outcomes from Duhamel and ERPT are good in the majority of cases, with comparable bowel function scores. Constipation and impaired faecal awareness were more prevalent after Duhamel, with differences sustained in adulthood. Recurrent enterocolitis was significantly more prevalent after ERPT. Clustering of poor QoL and poor functional outcomes were observed in both cohorts, with seemingly little effect by choice of surgical procedure in terms of QoL

Automatic CT Angiography Lesion Segmentation Compared to CT Perfusion in Ischemic Stroke Detection: a Feasibility Study

In stroke imaging, CT angiography (CTA) is used for detecting arterial occlusions. These images could also provide information on the extent of ischemia. The study aim was to develop and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithm for detecting and segmenting acute ischemic lesions from CTA images of patients with suspected middle cerebral artery stroke. These results were compared to volumes reported by widely used CT perfusion-based RAPID software (IschemaView). A 42-layer-deep CNN was trained on 50 CTA volumes with manually delineated targets. The lower bound for predicted lesion size to reliably discern stroke from false positives was estimated. The severity of false positives and false negatives was reviewed visually to assess the clinical applicability and to further guide the method development. The CNN model corresponded to the manual segmentations with voxel-wise sensitivity 0.54 (95% confidence interval: 0.44-0.63), precision 0.69 (0.60-0.76), and Sorensen-Dice coefficient 0.61 (0.52-0.67). Stroke/nonstroke differentiation accuracy 0.88 (0.81-0.94) was achieved when only considering the predicted lesion size (i.e., regardless of location). By visual estimation, 46% of cases showed some false findings, such as CNN highlighting chronic periventricular white matter changes or beam hardening artifacts, but only in 9% the errors were severe, translating to 0.91 accuracy. The CNN model had a moderately strong correlation to RAPID-reported T-max > 10 s volumes (Pearson's r = 0.76 (0.58-0.86)). The results suggest that detecting anterior circulation ischemic strokes from CTA using a CNN-based algorithm can be feasible when accompanied with physiological knowledge to rule out false positives.Peer reviewe

Developmental Dysfunction of the Central Nervous System Lymphatics Modulates the Adaptive Neuro-Immune Response in the Perilesional Cortex in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Rationale The recently discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) have been proposed to be the missing link between the immune and the central nervous system. The role of mLVs in modulating the neuro-immune response following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), however, has not been analyzed. Parenchymal T lymphocyte infiltration has been previously reported as part of secondary events after TBI, suggestive of an adaptive neuro-immune response. The phenotype of these cells has remained mostly uncharacterized. In this study, we identified subpopulations of T cells infiltrating the perilesional areas 30 days post-injury (an early-chronic time point). Furthermore, we analyzed how the lack of mLVs affects the magnitude and the type of T cell response in the brain after TBI. Methods TBI was induced in K14-VEGFR3-Ig transgenic (TG) mice or in their littermate controls (WT; wild type), applying a controlled cortical impact (CCI). One month after TBI, T cells were isolated from cortical areas ipsilateral or contralateral to the trauma and from the spleen, then characterized by flow cytometry. Lesion size in each animal was evaluated by MRI. Results In both WT and TG-CCI mice, we found a prominent T cell infiltration in the brain confined to the perilesional cortex and hippocampus. The majority of infiltrating T cells were cytotoxic CD8+ expressing a CD44(hi)CD69+ phenotype, suggesting that these are effector resident memory T cells. K14-VEGFR3-Ig mice showed a significant reduction of infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes, suggesting that mLVs could be involved in establishing a proper neuro-immune response. Extension of the lesion (measured as lesion volume from MRI) did not differ between the genotypes. Finally, TBI did not relate to alterations in peripheral circulating T cells, as assessed one month after injury. Conclusions Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that mLVs are involved in the neuro-immune response after TBI. We also defined the resident memory CD8+ T cells as one of the main population activated within the brain after a traumatic injury.Peer reviewe

Methane production and oxidation potentials along a fen-bog gradient from southern boreal to subarctic peatlands in Finland

Methane (CH4) emissions from northern peatlands are projected to increase due to climate change, primarily because of projected increases in soil temperature. Yet, the rates and temperature responses of the two CH4 emission-related microbial processes (CH4 production by methanogens and oxidation by methanotrophs) are poorly known. Further, peatland sites within a fen-bog gradient are known to differ in the variables that regulate these two mechanisms, yet the interaction between peatland type and temperature lacks quantitative understanding. Here, we investigated potential CH4 production and oxidation rates for 14 peatlands in Finland located between c. 60 and 70 degrees N latitude, representing bogs, poor fens, and rich fens. Potentials were measured at three different temperatures (5, 17.5, and 30celcius) using the laboratory incubation method. We linked CH4 production and oxidation patterns to their methanogen and methanotroph abundance, peat properties, and plant functional types. We found that the rich fen-bog gradient-related nutrient availability and methanogen abundance increased the temperature response of CH4 production, with rich fens exhibiting the greatest production potentials. Oxidation potential showed a steeper temperature response than production, which was explained by aerenchymous plant cover, peat water holding capacity, peat nitrogen, and sulfate content. The steeper temperature response of oxidation suggests that, at higher temperatures, CH4 oxidation might balance increased CH4 production. Predicting net CH4 fluxes as an outcome of the two mechanisms is complicated due to their different controls and temperature responses. The lack of correlation between field CH4 fluxes and production/oxidation potentials, and the positive correlation with aerenchymous plants points toward the essential role of CH4 transport for emissions. The scenario of drying peatlands under climate change, which is likely to promote Sphagnum establishment over brown mosses in many places, will potentially reduce the predicted warming-related increase in CH4 emissions by shifting rich fens to Sphagnum-dominated systems.Peer reviewe

Comparison of Manual Cross-Sectional Measurements and Automatic Volumetry of the Corpus Callosum, and Their Clinical Impact: A Study on Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls

Background and purpose: Degenerative change of the corpus callosum might serve as a clinically useful surrogate marker for net pathological cerebral impact of diabetes type 1. We compared manual and automatic measurements of the corpus callosum, as well as differences in callosal cross-sectional area between subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 188 neurologically asymptomatic participants with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects, recruited as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. All participants underwent clinical work-up and brain MRI. Callosal area was manually measured and callosal volume quantified with FreeSurfer. The measures were normalized using manually measured mid-sagittal intracranial area and volumetric intracranial volume, respectively. Results: Manual and automatic measurements correlated well (callosal area vs. volume: rho = 0.83, p <0.001 and mid-sagittal area vs. intracranial volume: rho = 0.82, p <0.001). We found no significant differences in the callosal measures between cases and controls. In type 1 diabetes, the lowest quartile of normalized callosal area was associated with higher insulin doses (p = 0.029) and reduced insulin sensitivity (p = 0.033). In addition, participants with more than two cerebral microbleeds had smaller callosal area (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Manually measured callosal area and automatically segmented are interchangeable. The association seen between callosal size with cerebral microbleeds and insulin resistance is indicative of small vessel disease pathology in diabetes type 1.Peer reviewe

Isolation and characterization of stem cells derived from human third molar tooth germs of young adults: Implications in neo-vascularization, osteo-, adipo-and neurogenesis

A number of studies have reported in the last decade that human tooth germs contain multipotent cells that give rise to dental and peri-odontal structures. The dental pulp, third molars in particular, have been shown to be a significant stem cell source. In this study, we isolated and characterized human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs) from third molars and assessed the expression of developmentally important transcription factors, such as oct4, sox2, klf4, nanog and c-myc, to determine their pluri-potency. Flow-cytometry analysis revealed that hTGSCs were positive for CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166, but negative for CD34, CD45 and CD133, suggesting that these cells are mesenchymal-like stem cells. Under specific culture conditions, hTGSCs differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic cells, as well as formed tube-like structures in Matrigel assay. hTGSCs showed significant levels of expression of sox2 and c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA), and a very high level of expression of klf4 mRNA when compared with human embryonic stem cells. This study reports for the first time that hTGSCs express developmentally important transcription factors that could render hTGSCs an attractive candidate for future somatic cell re-programming studies to differentiate germs into various tissue types, such as neurons and vascular structures. In addition, these multipotential hTGSCs could be important stem cell sources for autologous transplantation. © 2010 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved