61 research outputs found

    Influence of words in the sentence on the communicative function of a language (exemplified by the Russian and tajik languages)

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    A necessity in the development of the comparative grammar of the Russian and Tajik languages and a need in solving of many disputable issues of the syntactic knowledge, moreover, the lack of fundamental researches on comparative studying of the words order in Russian and Tajik allows to define our research as for actual. The objectives of the article are studying of the words order in Russian and Tajik within comparative and typological aspects formulization of peculiarities of interaction between the structural-grammar and actual aspects of studying of words order in sentences of the languages themselves. In order to achieve the objectives, the authors used a method of direct observation of word arrangement in texts when expressing the grammatical and logical base of the sentence; linguistic experiment the content whereof is various types of transformation; comparative method by means whereof differences are exposed in communicative structures of analyzed sentences, statements and types of words order in sentences and statements and descriptive method. Studying of variants of syntactic structures in the two languages expose national specificity of the semantics of the verbal execution of a statement in these consistencies/inconsistencies. The results allow expansion of theoretical knowledge of the role of words order and other means of actual articulation of a sentence in the Russian and Tajik languages as well as working out the theory of words order in sentences, the communicative structure of a sentence and functional grammar. © 2019, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved

    Actualization of a statement through order of the sentence (the Russian and Tajik languages)

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    The objective of the article is examining the words order in an utterance of the Russian and Tajik languages in comparative and typological aspects; revealing peculiarities of the structural-grammatical and actual aspects of studying the words order in sentences of the compared languages, depending whereon regular laws of rigidity or flexibility of the words order and linear-dynamic structures of a sentence in the compared languages are established, which allows to take a fresh look at the issue of interaction between the communicative and constructive structures in the languages under study (Russian and Tajik) and to determine the role of various means of expressing the words order in forming different types of information in the Russian and Tajik languages. Materials and methods: descriptive method; linguistic experiment integrating various types of transformation; comparative method revealing differences of communicative structures of reviewed sentences, verbal statements, types of words order in sentences and statements; direct observation method implying observing arrangement of words in texts when expressing the grammatical and logical base of a sentence. Tables presented in the article reflect the basic models of words order in the Russian and Tajik languages which are necessary in practical teaching of the both languages. Practical significance lies in expansion and deepening of theoretical knowledge of the role of words order and other means of actual articulation of a sentence in the Russian and Tajik languages; in formation of communicative competence and practical skills in process of professional teaching of translators and editors, and also in working-out of the general theory of words order in sentences, communicative structure of a sentence and functional grammar, which is one of leading lines of researching of the sentence in the modern linguistics. © 2018 by the authors

    Sanitary status of the Eurasian wild grapevine in the South Caucasian region

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    A prospecting on the sanitary status of the aerial organs and roots of the Eurasian wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, was carried out on 14 natural populations situated along river bank forests, floodplains and colluvial positions in Georgia (Marneuli, Mtskheta and Gori districts, Gardabani Protected area and Lagodekhi Reserve), Armenia (Akhtala and Tavoush regions) and Azerbaijan (Quba region). These zones are included within the Holarctic kingdom, Eurosiberian region, and to the Caucasian, Euxine and Hyrcanian biogeographical provinces. The results of study indicate that roots are free of symptoms caused by phylloxera, rot fungi and root-knot nematodes. Symptoms caused by the erineum strain of Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) and Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) (Acari, Eriophyidae) are frequent. On the other hand, damages caused by powdery and downy mildews, Erysiphe necator (Schweinitz) Burrill and Plasmopara viticola (Berkeley and Curtis) Berlease and de Toni), respectively, show an irregular intensity on leaves belonging to different vines from each location

    Support trees and shrubs for the Eurasian wild grapevine in Southern Caucasus

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    A prospecting of habitats and mechanical support host species for the climber Eurasian wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, was carried out on 13 natural populations situated along river bank forests, floodplains and colluvial positions in Georgia (Marneuli, Mtskheta and Gori districts, Gardabani Protected area and Lagodekhi Reserve), Armenia (Akhtala and Tavoush regions) and Azerbaijan (Quba region) during survey of 2013. The research demonstrated that Eurasian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) is found in Southern Caucasus in a wide variety of habitats always linked to water availability. Punica granatum trees are the commonest mechanical support for wild grapevine in the South Caucasus and Hedera helix often shares the same support trees. However we documented wild grapevines climbing on other 24 different species of trees and large shrubs and, further, 32 associated species. We determined, four different clusters of localities using Structure software and the Weighted Neighbor Joining tree. These clusters are characterized by specific mechanical support and accompanying species. Other vines competing for host with Eurasian wild grapevine belong to the genera Clematis, Hedera, Humulus, Smilax and Vitis ssp

    Факторы риска при трансплантации печени от посмертного донора: опыт одного центра

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    Deceased brain-dead donor liver transplantation (LT) is a high-risk intervention. The outcome depends on a large number of modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Objective: to analyze our own experience and identify preoperative and perioperative prognostic factors for poor outcomes in LT. Materials and methods. The study included 301 liver transplants performed between January 2016 and December 2021. Donor and recipient characteristics, intraoperative data, perioperative characteristics including laboratory test data, and the nature and frequency of complications were used for the analysis. Results. The 1-, 3- and 5-year recipient survival rates were 91.8%, 85.1%, and 77.9%, respectively; graft survival rates were 90.4%, 83.7%, and 76.7%, respectively. The most significant predictors of poor outcome of LT on the recipient side were biliary stents (HR 7.203, p < 0.01), acutely decompensated cirrhosis (HR 2.52, p = 0.02); in the postoperative period, non-surgical infectious complications (HR 4.592, p < 0.01) and number of reoperations (HR 4.063, p < 0.01). Donor creatinine level (HR 1.004, p = 0.01, one factor analysis; HR 1.004, p = 0.016, multivariate analysis) was the only reliable prognostic negative factor. Conclusion. LT taking into account established risk factors will improve surgery outcomes and help personalize the therapy for each patient.Трансплантация печени от донора со смертью головного мозга – вмешательство высокого риска, на результаты которого влияет большое количество модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов. Цель: провести анализ собственного опыта и выявить предоперационные и периоперационные прогностические факторы риска неблагоприятного исхода при трансплантации печени. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены трансплантации печени (n = 301), выполненные за период с января 2016-го по декабрь 2021 г. Для анализа использованы характеристики доноров и реципиентов, интраоперационные данные, периоперационные характеристики, включая данные лабораторных тестов, а также характер и частоту осложнений. Результаты. Выживаемость реципиентов составила: 91,8; 85,1 и 77,9% на сроке 1, 3 и 5 лет после операции; выживаемость трансплантатов – 90,4; 83,7 и 76,7% соответственно. Наиболее значимыми предикторами неблагоприятного исхода трансплантации печени со стороны реципиента стали наличие билиарных стентов (HR 7,203, p < 0,01), острая декомпенсация течения цирроза печени (HR 2,52, p = 0,02); в послеоперационном периоде – нехирургические инфекционные осложнения (HR 4,592, p < 0,01) и количество повторных операций (HR 4,063, p < 0,01). Уровень креатинина донора (HR 1,004, p = 0,01 – однофакторный анализ; HR 1,004, p = 0,016 – многофакторный анализ) является единственным достоверным прогностически негативным фактором. Выводы. Выполнение трансплантации печени с учетом установленных факторов риска позволит улучшить результаты операций, а также персонализировать терапию для каждого пациента

    Surrogacy and HIV: features of a clinical case in comorbid cancer

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    Introduction. A significant increase in the quality and increase in the life expectancy of HIV patients during treatment with antiretroviral drugs necessitates the implementation of the reproductive function in these patients. The participation of a surrogate mother in the treatment of infertility in HIV-infected potential parents, provided by the Russian legislation, requires additional solutions to a number of clinical and organizational problems. The aim was to substantiate a surrogacy program as a method of choice for the treatment of infertility in patients with HIV-positive status and comorbid cancer and also a multidisciplinary approach to organizingЦель работы: на примере конкретной клинической ситуации с учетом литературных данных обосновать программу суррогатного материнства в качестве метода выбора для лечения бесплодия у пациентов с ВИЧ-позитивным статусом и коморбидным онкологическим заболева нием, а также междисциплинарный подход к организации его проведени

    The potential risks and impact of the start of the 2015–2016 influenza season in the WHO European Region: a rapid risk assessment

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    Background: Countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region are reporting more severe influenza activity in the 2015–2016 season compared to previous seasons. Objectives: To conduct a rapid risk assessment to provide interim information on the severity of the current influenza season. Methods: Using the WHO manual for rapid risk assessment of acute public health events and surveillance data available from Flu News Europe, an assessment of the current influenza season from 28 September 2015 (week 40/2015) up to 31 January 2016 (week 04/2016) was made compared with the four previous seasons. Results: The current influenza season started around week 51/2015 with higher influenza activity reported in Eastern Europe compared to Western Europe. There is a strong predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to previous seasons, but the virus is antigenically similar to the strain included in the seasonal influenza vaccine. Compared to the 2014/2015 season, there was a rapid increase in the number of severe cases in Eastern European countries with the majority of such cases occurring among adults aged < 65 years. Conclusions: The current influenza season is characterized by an early start in Eastern European countries, with indications of a more severe season. Currently circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses are antigenically similar to those included in the seasonal influenza vaccine, and the vaccine is expected to be effective. Authorities should provide information to the public and health providers about the current influenza season, recommendations for the treatment of severe disease and effective public health measures to prevent influenza transmission
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