Posttransplant MRD and T-cell chimerism status predict outcomes in patients who received allografts for AML/MDS

Allogeneic stem-cell transplant allows for the delivery of curative graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplasia (AML/MDS). Surveillance of T-cell chimerism, measurable residual disease (MRD) and blast HLA-DR expression may inform whether GVL effectiveness is reduced. We report here the prognostic impact of these biomarkers in patients allografted for AML/MDS. One hundred eighty-seven patients from FIGARO, a randomized trial of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in AML/MDS, were alive and relapse-free at the first MRD time-point and provided monitoring samples for flow cytometric MRD and T-cell chimerism, requested to month+12. Twenty-nine (15.5%) patients had at least 1 MRD-positive result posttransplant. MRD-positivity was associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.18; P = .0028) as a time-varying Cox variable and remained significant irrespective of pretransplant MRD status in multivariate analyses (P < .001). Ninety-four patients had sequential MRD with T-cell chimerism results at months+3/+6. Patients with full donor T-cell chimerism (FDTC) had an improved OS as compared with patients with mixed donor T-cell chimerism (MDTC) (adjusted HR=0.4; P = .0019). In patients with MDTC (month+3 or +6), MRD-positivity was associated with a decreased 2-year OS (34.3%) vs MRD-negativity (71.4%) (P = .001). In contrast, in the group with FDTC, MRD was infrequent and did not affect the outcome. Among patients with posttransplant MRD-positivity, decreased HLA-DR expression on blasts significantly reduced OS, supporting this as a mechanism for GVL escape. In conclusion, posttransplant MRD is an important predictor of the outcome in patients allografted for AML/MDS and is most informative when combined with T-cell chimerism results, underlining the importance of a GVL effect in AML/MDS

Results of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients affected by Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. A retrospective study of SAA-EBMT

retrospective study of the stem cell transplant in patient affected by Shwachman Diamond diseas

Long-term outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: a retrospective analysis and a review of the literature by the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (SAAWP-EBMT)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative procedure in patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) with bone marrow abnormalities. The results of 74 patients with SDS (6 acute myeloid leukemia, 7 myelodysplastic syndrome, and 61 bone marrow failure) treated with HSCT between 1988 and 2016 are reported. The donor source was: 24% sibling, 8% parent, and 68% unrelated donor. The stem cell source was: 70% bone marrow, 19% peripheral blood stem cells, and 11% cord blood. The conditioning regimen was myeloablative in 54% and reduced intensity in 46%. Neutrophil engraftment was achieved in 84% of patients after a median time of 17.5 days. Graft failure occurred in 15% of HSCTs. Grades I-IV acute and chronic GVHD were observed in 55% and 20% of patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 7.3 years (95% CI 4.8-10.2), 28 patients died for progression/relapse (7) or toxicity (21). The 5-year overall survival and nonrelapse mortality were 63.3% (95% CI 50.8-73.4) and 19.8% (95% CI 10.8-30.8), respectively. In conclusion, this is the largest series so far reported and confirms that HSCT is a suitable option for patients with SDS. Further efforts are needed to lower transplant-related toxicity and reduce graft failure

Molecular MRD status and outcome after transplantation in NPM1-mutated AML.

Relapse remains the most common cause of treatment failure for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), and carries a grave prognosis. Multiple studies have identified the presence of measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by flow cytometry before alloSCT as a strong predictor of relapse, but it is not clear how these findings apply to patients who test positive in molecular MRD assays, which have far greater sensitivity. We analyzed pretransplant blood and bone marrow samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 107 patients with NPM1-mutant AML enrolled in the UK National Cancer Research Institute AML17 study. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, patients with negative, low (<200 copies per 105ABL in the peripheral blood and <1000 copies in the bone marrow aspirate), and high levels of MRD had an estimated 2-year overall survival (2y-OS) of 83%, 63%, and 13%, respectively (P < .0001). Focusing on patients with low-level MRD before alloSCT, those with FLT3 internal tandem duplications(ITDs) had significantly poorer outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 6.14; P = .01). Combining these variables was highly prognostic, dividing patients into 2 groups with 2y-OS of 17% and 82% (HR, 13.2; P < .0001). T-depletion was associated with significantly reduced survival both in the entire cohort (2y-OS, 56% vs 96%; HR, 3.24; P = .0005) and in MRD-positive patients (2y-OS, 34% vs 100%; HR, 3.78; P = .003), but there was no significant effect of either conditioning regimen or donor source on outcome. Registered at ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN55675535)

Molecular MRD status and outcome after transplantation in NPM1 mutated AML: results from the UK NCRI AML17 study.

Relapse remains the most common cause of treatment failure for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) and carries a grave prognosis. Multiple studies have identified the presence of measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) prior to alloSCT as a strong predictor of relapse, but it is not clear how these findings apply to patients who test positive in molecular MRD assays which have far greater sensitivity. We analysed pre-transplant blood and bone marrow samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in 107 patients with NPM1 mutant AML enrolled in the UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) AML17 study. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, patients with negative, low (<200 copies / 105 ABL in the PB and <1000 copies in the BM) and high levels of MRD had an estimated 2y overall survival (OS) of 83%, 63% and 13% respectively (p<0.0001). Focussing on patients with low level MRD prior to alloSCT, those with FLT3 ITD had significantly poorer outcome (hazard ratio, HR, 6.14, p=0.01). Combining these variables was highly prognostic, dividing patients into two groups with 2y OS of 17% and 82% (HR 13.2, p<0.0001). T-depletion was associated with significantly reduced survival both in the entire cohort (2y OS 56% vs 96%, HR 3.24, p=0.0005) and in MRD positive patients (2y OS 34% vs 100%, HR 3.78, p=0.003) but there was no significant effect of either conditioning regimen or donor source on outcome. Registered at ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN55675535)

Correction: Long-term Outcome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis and a Review of the Literature by the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (SAAWP-EBMT)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative procedure in patients with Shwachman\u2013Diamond syndrome (SDS) with bone marrow abnormalities. The results of 74 patients with SDS (6 acute myeloid leukemia, 7 myelodysplastic syndrome, and 61 bone marrow failure) treated with HSCT between 1988 and 2016 are reported. The donor source was: 24% sibling, 8% parent, and 68% unrelated donor. The stem cell source was: 70% bone marrow, 19% peripheral blood stem cells, and 11% cord blood. The conditioning regimen was myeloablative in 54% and reduced intensity in 46%. Neutrophil engraftment was achieved in 84% of patients after a median time of 17.5 days. Graft failure occurred in 15% of HSCTs. Grades I\u2013IV acute and chronic GVHD were observed in 55% and 20% of patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 7.3 years (95% CI 4.8\u201310.2), 28 patients died for progression/relapse (7) or toxicity (21). The 5-year overall survival and nonrelapse mortality were 63.3% (95% CI 50.8\u201373.4) and 19.8% (95% CI 10.8\u201330.8), respectively. In conclusion, this is the largest series so far reported and confirms that HSCT is a suitable option for patients with SDS. Further efforts are needed to lower transplant-related toxicity and reduce graft failure