Gender Awareness of Women’s Role among Male University Students

The study aimed at identifying gender awareness of women’s role among male students. The sample consisted of (200) student from the college of art at Baghdad University and Al Qadisiyah University. The sample was selected randomly and equally from the two universities. In order to achieve this aim, a questioner of 20 items was used. The results of the study refers that male Students have Gender Awareness of Women’s role in society. The results revealed no significant differences due to university, place of residence, and marital statu

The Antibacterial Activity of Curcuminoid Deliver

The antibacterial effect of Curcuminoid extract before and after loading on the gel were tested against some of pathogenic microorganisms, and the result shown that the microbial growth  were inhibited largely by the herbal which loaded on gel

Synthesis of Zeolite A from Iraqi Natural Kaolin Using a Conventional Hydrothermal Synthesis Technique

The synthesis of zeolite materials by hydrothermal transformation of kaolin using a conventional hydrothermal method was investigated. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the starting kaolin and produced zeolite A samples, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The synthetic zeolite type A was obtained after activation of kaolin and metakaolin followed by different thermal and chemical treatments. The metakaolinization phase was achieved by calcining the kaolin in air at 600°C for 3 hours, a much lower temperature than previously reported in the literature. Metakaolin was treated with 3 M sodium hydroxide solution at a ratio of 1:5 and, using stainless steel autoclaves with teflon liners, heated the mixture to 200°C in a microwave for 24 hours. The results from this synthesis route showed that zeolite A with a cubic crystal habit has been successfully synthesized

Extraction and Characterization of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Essential Oil and its Assessment as Antioxidant and Antibacterial

ABSTRACT       The aim of this study is to extract and characterize peppermint essential oil and assess it as antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The extraction processes, chemical composition, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant and antibacterial activity were studied. The oil was extracted by three methods: steam distillation, solvent and soxhelet.  The results indicated that the highest oil extraction was obtained by soxhelet method 1.5±0.12 and 1.2±0.12 ml/100 gm and the lowest result recorded by steam distillation 1.1±0.09 and 0.9±0.14 ml/100gm from fresh and dry samples, respectively. The chemical composition of fresh and dry sample were determined by using gas chromatography and the results showed that there were 26 components of volatile compounds were identified in the essential oil isolated from peppermint. The antibacterial potential of mint essential oils was evaluated by Muller Hinton agar well diffusion method against selected bacteria. The essential oils showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella 19±1.41 and 16.5±2.12 mm, respectively, for fresh sample and showed lower activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsilla pneumonia 8.5±0.70 mm and nil, respectively, for dry sample. The TPC of fresh and dry samples were 14.00±0.12 and 8.80±0.09 mg /kg, respectively. TFC of the mint essential oil was determined in comparison with rutin were 8.1±0.09 and 5.0±0.07mg/kg, for fresh and dry sample, respectively. The results showed decrease in peroxide value at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min compared with blank sample without essential oil for wet and dry mint. DPPH inhibition percentages were recorded and inhibition concentrations at 50% activity (IC50) were 0.651±0.09, 0.683±0.6 and 0.161±0.07 mg/mL for wet, dry samples and standard respectively. It can be recommended that further study on sensory analysis of food products containing mint essential oil to evaluate its acceptability and shelf life.

Study the Effect of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract on ‎Induce Experimental Brain Poisoning in Rabbits

   ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺼُﻤّﻤّﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ العلاجي ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻴﻠﻭﺒﺎ  Ginkgo biloba ﻀﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩ ﻟﻠجهاز العصبي ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺯﺌﺒﻕ . ﻗﺴﻤﺕ ﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ اربعة ﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ، ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺕ ﻜﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻭﻤﻠـﺕ ﺒـﺎﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤـﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ، وﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﻁﻴﺕ كلوريد الزئبق ﻓﻤﻭﻴﺎﹶ بجرعة 0,12 ملغم/ ﻜﻐﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ سبعة ﺍﻴﺎﻡ,  والمجموعه ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اعطيت كلوريد الزئبق فمويا ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻋﺔ 0,12 ملغم/ ﻜﻐﻡ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻴﺎﻡ ﺜﻡ ﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺘﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ ﻭﻟﻤﺩﺓ 25 ﻴﻭﻡ بتركيز 250 ملغم/ﻜﻐﻡ / ﻴﻭﻡ ، ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺍعطيت ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟرابعه ﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻴﺎﻡ ﺜﻡ ﺤﻘﻨﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ 500 ملغم /ﻜﻐﻡ /ﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺘﻭﻨﻲ . عوملت ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﻴﻊ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎﹶ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ  وﺒﻌﺩ 24 ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺭ ﺠﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﻁـﺎﺓ ﺸﺭﺤﺕ الحيوانات ﻭﺍﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ. ﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ نسيج ﺍﻟدماغ . وأدت ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻻﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻨﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻜﺔ الى ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﻭنسيج ﺍﻟدماغ.   The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic role of the water extract of leaves of ginkgo biloba plant against the acute poisoning of the nervous system caused by exposure to mercury. Experimental animals were divided into four groups. The first group was treated as a control group treated with physiological saline solution. The second group was given mercury chloride at 0.12 mg / kg . bw for seven days. The third group was given mercury chloride orally at 0.12 mg / Kg for five days and then injected under the peritoneal membrane with water extract for leaves of ginkgo plant for 25 days at a concentration of 250 mg / kg / day, while The fourth group gave mercury chloride for five days and then injected with the water extract of the leaves of the ginkgo plant at a concentration of 500 mg / kg / day under the peritoneal membrane. All groups were treated daily according to prescribed doses and 24 hours after the last given dose, the animals were explained and the study criteria were met. Mercury treatment caused obvious tissue changes in brain tissue. The treatment with water extract of leaves of the ginkgo plant led to improvement in brain cells and tissues

Performance of a local signalized intersection for handling traffic operation in Baghdad City

The inspection of the flexibility and performance of a local signalized intersection in managing traffic operation in Baghdad city is the main target of this study. Andalus intersection is one of the important local intersections in Bagdad city which recorded remarkable traffic congestion problem now a days and have been chosen in this study as a part of continuous studies due to its vital location. Smart Traffic Analysis (STA) software is used to give an aspect to the inefficient performance of the Andalus signalized intersection having three approached links and four exit legs while SYNCHRO software is used to simulate the data analysis and offer different alternative solutions to solve the congestion problem. From the obtained data analysis it has been found that the best suggested alteration for handling the current traffic volume of each studied intersection approach is the signalized intersection with optimum cycle time combined with the addition of two lanes, where the mean delay for the entire intersection can be reduced by approximately 26% by applying alteration No.1 while the mean delay for the entire intersection can be reduce approximately by 31% by applying alteration No.2. Furthermore, the queue length for the entire intersection can be reducing by approximately 6% and 17% for alteration No.1 and No.2 respectively

Inhibitory and anti-Cancer Effects of Crataegus azarolus Extracts on Gastric Cancer Cell Line (AGS)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer around the world and most of the drugs which are used currently as anti-cancer chemotherapy hold adverse side effects on normal cells and tissues, that calls for a strong need to find new agents to prevent and treat GC. Extracts from certain plants contain compounds with health potentials with minimal side effects; one such plant is the Crataegus azarolus commonly called hawthorn. Extracts of hawthorn have been found to exert negative effects on the viability of many types of cancer via a number of pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we aimed to investigate the possible anti-proliferative effects of methanolic and acetone extracts of C. azarolus leaves on human adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS). Standard phytochemical analysis were used to qualitatively characterize leaf extracts contents. AGS cells were treated for 48 h with different concentrations of both extracts (10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 µg/ml). Our results demonstrated that the methanolic crude extract showed significantly higher anti-proliferative effects than those of acetone, at both 250 and 500 µg/ml concentrations respectively, when estimated by MTT assay at (p< 0.001) with an IC50 values 293.7 µg/ml. On the other hand, acetone extract treatment showed that 500 µg/ml had a high significant effect at (p< 0.001) with an IC50 values 576.6 µg/ml. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that leaf extracts of C. azarolus limited the growth of AGS

On Some Shrinkage Techniques For Estimating The Parameters Of Exponential Distribution

A variety of shrinkage methods have been proposed for estimation of some unknown parameter by considering estimators based on a prior guess of the value of the parameter. We compare some of the shrunken estimators for the parameters^ and 9 of the exponential distribution through simulatio

MERS coronavirus outbreak: Implications for emerging viral infections

In September 2012, a novel coronavirus was isolated from a patient who died in Saudi Arabia after presenting with acute respiratory distress and acute kidney injury. Analysis revealed the disease to be due to a novel virus which was named Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). There have been several MERS-CoV hospital outbreaks in KSA, continuing to the present day, and the disease has a mortality rate in excess of 35%. Since 2012, the World Health Organization has been informed of 2220 laboratory-confirmed cases resulting in at least 790 deaths. Cases have since arisen in 27 countries, including an outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2015 in which 36 people died, but more than 80% of cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia.. Human-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV, particularly in healthcare settings, initially caused a ‘media panic’, however human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact and thus far the virus has not achieved epidemic potential. Zoonotic transmission is of significant importance and evidence is growing implicating the dromedary camel as the major animal host in spread of disease to humans. MERS-CoV is now included on the WHO list of priority blueprint diseases for which there which is an urgent need for accelerated research and development as they have the potential to cause a public health emergency while there is an absence of efficacious drugs and/or vaccines. In this review we highlight epidemiological, clinical, and infection control aspects of MERS-CoV as informed by the Saudi experience. Attention is given to recommended treatments and progress towards vaccine development

Molecular identification of Rosa x damascena growing in Taif region (Saudi Arabia)

A fragment of 772 bp of the chloroplast maturase K gene was amplified and sequenced for Rosa x damascena trigintipetala variety growing in Taif region of Saudi Arabia. The data were aligned with their counterparts of other varieties already found in the Genbank database and were analyzed by maximum-parsimony, neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood methods and a single rooted tree was executed. R. x damascena trigintipetala was paraphyletic where one sample [A] clustered with all varieties while the second [B] was basal. R. x damascena was sister to R. x chinensis semperflorens with the later being basal. R. x damascena gori was basal for all taxa studied. R. moschata was inside the clade of R. x damascena. Hybridization could be possible among R. damascena, R. chinensis and R. moschata. The genetic distance and tree topology indicated that [A] variety could be originated from R. moshata while [B] could be originated from gori or R. chinensis semperflorens. We, therefore, may consider that R. x damascena gori or R. chinensis could be the origin of all nowadays R. x damascena varieties