Técnicas Culinárias Baseadas no Conhecimento Científico: Estágio no The Fat Duck e Extrações Assistidas por Ultrassons

A colaboração entre cientistas e chefes de cozinha deu origem a uma nova abordagem na cozinha, na qual os princípios e ferramentas da ciência dos alimentos (entre outras áreas) são aplicados de forma consciente, permitindo a otimização de inúmeros processos culinários. O chefe Heston Blumenthal segue esta abordagem experimental e o seu trabalho no restaurante The Fat Duck (TFD) é caracterizado por precisão e inovação, estando na vanguarda do desenvolvimento de inúmeras técnicas e conceitos que revolucionaram a culinária moderna. O trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito desta dissertação envolveu um estágio profissional no TFD, cujos objetivos principais foram expandir conhecimentos sobre Gastronomia Molecular e a sua aplicação prática. Esta experiência permitiu a aquisição de conhecimento sobre várias técnicas culinárias inovadoras e o contacto com um sistema de gestão da equipa de cozinha diferente do tradicional e eficiente. A extração assistida por ultrassons é uma técnica ainda pouco utilizada nas cozinhas, que permite uma extração mais eficiente de compostos de alta qualidade e biodisponibilidade, como ainda a preservação das características organoléticas. Pretendeu-se avaliar as suas reais vantagens em termos culinários. Foi analisado o impacto do efeito dos ultrassons (37 kHz) nas características organoléticas de dois tipos de produtos confecionados a 65° C, em sous-vide, com e sem ultrassons: caldos e óleos aromatizados de Codium tomentosum desidratada (4%). Analisou-se ainda o potencial comercial dos produtos e a sua compatibilidade com a dieta portuguesa. Os testes discriminativos de Análise Sensorial (testes tétrade) e a análise por Grupo de Foco permitiram identificar diferenças significativas na perceção sensorial global entre os produtos preparados com e sem ultrassons. A análise instrumental por GC-MS confirmou estes resultados e, ainda, permitiu estabelecer uma relação entre alguns dos compostos identificados e os descritores de aroma apontados. Os resultados sugerem que os ultrassons podem ser uma ferramenta interessante na cozinha, que os produtos se podem enquadrar na dieta portuguesa e que os caldos parecem ter mais potencial comercial que os óleos aromatizados

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Improved measurement of CPCP violation parameters in Bs0→J/ψK+K−B_s^0\to J/\psi K^+K^- decays in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020)\phi(1020) resonance

The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B_s^0\to J/\psi(\to \mu^+\mu^-) K^+ K^-$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6 {\rm fb}^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B_s^0$ signal decays with an invariant $K^+ K^-$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B_s^0$-$\overline{B}_s^0$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024 ~{\rm ps}^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.056^{\:+\:0.0013}_{\:-\:0.0015} \pm 0.0014 ~{\rm ps}^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^+K^-$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0_s\to J/\psi(\to \mu^{+}\mu^{-}) K^{+}K^{-}$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 $fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B^{0}_{s}$ signal decays with an invariant $K^{+}K^{-}$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = \ -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.0056 ^{+ 0.0013}_{-0.0015} \pm 0.0014$ ps$^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^{+}K^{-}$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence

Measurement of CP violation in B0→ψ(→ℓ+ℓ−)KS0(→π+π−)B^0\to\psi(\to\ell^+\ell^-)K^0_S(\to\pi^+\pi^-) decays

International audienceA measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of $B^0$ and $\overline{B}^0$ mesons to the final states $J/\psi(\to\mu^+\mu^-)K^0_S$, $\psi(2S)(\to\mu^+\mu^-)K^0_S$ and $J/\psi(\to e^+e^-)K^0_S$ with $K^0_S\to\pi^+\pi^-$ is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb${}^{-1}$ collected at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be \begin{align*} S_{\psi K^0_S} &= 0.717 \pm 0.013 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.008 (\text{syst}), \\ C_{\psi K^0_S} &= 0.008 \pm 0.012 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.003 (\text{syst}). \end{align*} This measurement of $S_{\psi K^0_S}$ represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle $\beta$ to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed

Observation of Cabibbo-suppressed two-body hadronic decays and precision mass measurement of the Ωc0\Omega_{c}^{0} baryon

International audienceThe first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed $\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Omega^{-}K^{+}$ and $\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+}$ decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\,{\rm TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}(\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Omega^{-}K^{+})}{\mathcal{B}(\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Omega^{-}\pi^{+})}=0.0608\pm0.0051({\rm stat})\pm 0.0040({\rm syst})$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}(\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+})}{\mathcal{B}(\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Omega^{-}\pi^{+})}=0.1581\pm0.0087({\rm stat})\pm0.0043({\rm syst})\pm0.0016({\rm ext})$. In addition, using the $\Omega_{c}^{0}\to\Omega^{-}\pi^{+}$ decay channel, the $\Omega_{c}^{0}$ baryon mass is measured to be $M(\Omega_{c}^{0})=2695.28\pm0.07({\rm stat})\pm0.27({\rm syst})\pm0.30({\rm ext})\,{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of four

Observation of Ξb0→Ξc+Ds−\Xi_b^0 \rightarrow \Xi_c^+ D_s^- and Ξb−→Ξc0Ds−\Xi_b^- \rightarrow \Xi_c^0 D_s^- decays

International audienceThe $\Xi_b^0 \rightarrow \Xi_c^+ D_s^-$ and $\Xi_b^- \rightarrow \Xi_c^0 D_s^-$ decays are observed for the first time using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.1\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The relative branching fractions times the beauty-baryon production cross-sections are measured to be \begin{align*} \mathcal{R}\left(\frac{\Xi_b^0}{\Lambda_b^0}\right) \equiv \frac{\sigma\left(\Xi_b^0\right)}{\sigma\left(\Lambda_b^0\right)} \times \frac{\mathcal{B}\left(\Xi_b^0 \rightarrow \Xi_c^+ D_s^-\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left(\Lambda_b^0 \rightarrow \Lambda_c^0 D_s^-\right)} =(15.8\pm1.1\pm0.6\pm7.7)\%, \mathcal{R}\left(\frac{\Xi_b^-}{\Lambda_b^0}\right) \equiv \frac{\sigma\left(\Xi_b^-\right)}{\sigma\left(\Lambda_b^0\right)} \times \frac{\mathcal{B}\left(\Xi_b^- \rightarrow \Xi_c^0 D_s^-\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left(\Lambda_b^0 \rightarrow \Lambda_c^0 D_s^-\right)} =(16.9\pm1.3\pm0.9\pm4.3)\%, \end{align*} where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainties on the branching fractions of relevant charm-baryon decays. The masses of $\Xi_b^0$ and $\Xi_b^-$ baryons are measured to be $m_{\Xi_b^0}=5791.12\pm0.60\pm0.45\pm0.24\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ and $m_{\Xi_b^-}=5797.02\pm0.63\pm0.49\pm0.29\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and those due to charm-hadron masses, respectively

Improved measurement of CPCP violation parameters in Bs0→J/ψK+K−B^0_s\to J/\psi K^{+}K^{-} decays in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020)\phi(1020) resonance

International audienceThe decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0_s\to J/\psi(\to \mu^{+}\mu^{-}) K^{+}K^{-}$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 $fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B^{0}_{s}$ signal decays with an invariant $K^{+}K^{-}$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = \ -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.0056 ^{+ 0.0013}_{-0.0015} \pm 0.0014$ ps$^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^{+}K^{-}$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence

Improved measurement of CPCP violation parameters in Bs0→J/ψK+K−B^0_s\to J/\psi K^{+}K^{-} decays in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020)\phi(1020) resonance

International audienceThe decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0_s\to J/\psi(\to \mu^{+}\mu^{-}) K^{+}K^{-}$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 $fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 $B^{0}_{s}$ signal decays with an invariant $K^{+}K^{-}$ mass in the vicinity of the $\phi(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $\phi_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B^0_s$-$\bar{B}^0_s$ system, $\Delta\Gamma_s$, and the difference of the average $B^0_s$ and $B^0$ meson decay widths, $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d$. The values obtained are $\phi_s = \ -0.039 \pm 0.022 \pm 0.006$ rad, $\Delta\Gamma_s = 0.0845 \pm 0.0044 \pm 0.0024$ ps$^{-1}$ and $\Gamma_s-\Gamma_d = -0.0056 ^{+ 0.0013}_{-0.0015} \pm 0.0014$ ps$^{-1}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase $\phi_s$ is also measured independently for each polarization state of the $K^{+}K^{-}$ system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence

Measurement of CP violation in B0→ψ(→ℓ+ℓ−)KS0(→π+π−)B^0\to\psi(\to\ell^+\ell^-)K^0_S(\to\pi^+\pi^-) decays

International audienceA measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of $B^0$ and $\overline{B}^0$ mesons to the final states $J/\psi(\to\mu^+\mu^-)K^0_S$, $\psi(2S)(\to\mu^+\mu^-)K^0_S$ and $J/\psi(\to e^+e^-)K^0_S$ with $K^0_S\to\pi^+\pi^-$ is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb${}^{-1}$ collected at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be \begin{align*} S_{\psi K^0_S} &= 0.717 \pm 0.013 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.008 (\text{syst}), \\ C_{\psi K^0_S} &= 0.008 \pm 0.012 (\text{stat}) \pm 0.003 (\text{syst}). \end{align*} This measurement of $S_{\psi K^0_S}$ represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle $\beta$ to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed