Variação sazonal da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite A no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection constitutes a major public health problem in Brazil. The transmission of HAV is primarily by fecal-oral route so the water is an important vehicle of HAV dissemination. There is a great incidence of acute cases of hepatitis A in some areas of Brazil however the seasonal variation of these cases was not documented. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonality of HAV infection in Rio de Janeiro. From January 1999 to December 2001, 1731 blood samples were collected at the National Reference Center for Hepatitis Viruses in Brazil (NRCHV). These samples were tested by a commercial enzyme-immunoassay to detect anti-HAV IgM antibodies. Yearly positive rates were 33.74% in 1999, 32.19% in 2000, and 30.63% in 2001. A seasonal variation was recognized with the highest incidence in spring and summer. Furthermore a seasonal increase in incidence of HAV infection was found during the rainy season (December to March) because the index of rains is very high. It is concluded that HAV infections occur all year round with a peak during hot seasons with great number of rains.A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite A constitui um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. A transmissão do HAV ocorre principalmente pela via orofecal deste modo a água é um importante veículo da disseminação do HAV. Existe uma alta incidência de casos agudos de hepatite A em algumas áreas do Brasil entretanto a variação sazonal destes casos não foi relatada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sazonalidade da infecção pelo HAV no Rio de Janeiro. De janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2001, 1731 amostras de sangue foram coletadas no Centro Nacional de Referência para Hepatites Virais no Brasil (CRNHV). Estas amostras foram testadas por um ensaio imunoenzimático comercial para detectar anticorpos IgM anti-HAV. Taxas de positividade anuais foram de 33,74% em 1999, 32,19% em 2000, e 30,63% em 2001. Uma variação sazonal foi observada com um alto índice na primavera e verão. Também foi observado um aumento sazonal na incidência da infecção pelo HAV durante a estação chuvosa (Dezembro a Março) pois o índice de chuvas é muito alto. Foi concluído que a infecção pelo HAV ocorre o ano todo com um pico durante estações quentes com grande número de chuvas

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and risk behavior in vaccinated and non-vaccinated paraguayan young women

Correspondence: [email protected] article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Research.Cervical cancer is a global health concern and ranks fourth among the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known precursor of cervical cancer and preventive measures include prophylactic vaccines. This study focused on sexually active Paraguayan women aged 18–25 years, exploring the intersection of HPV vaccination and sexual behavior. Among 254 participants, 40.9% received the Gardasil-4 vaccine, with no significant differences in sexual behavior between the vaccinated and unvaccinated sexually active groups. However, a notable decrease in the prevalence of HPV among the vaccinated women highlights the efficacy of this vaccine in reducing infections. The prevalence of any HPV type was 37.5% in vaccinated participants compared to 56.7% in unvaccinated participants (p = 0.0026). High-risk HPV types showed a significant difference, with a prevalence of 26.0% in vaccinated women compared with 52.7% in unvaccinated women (p < 0.001). Although a potential decline in genital warts was observed among the vaccinated individuals, statistical significance (p = 0.0564) was not reached. Despite the challenges in achieving high vaccination coverage, the observed reduction in HPV prevalence underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring, healthcare professional recommendations, and comprehensive risk management. These findings contribute to dispelling concerns about HPV vaccination influencing sexual behavior, advocating further large-scale research to explore the impact of vaccines on various HPV types and potential cross-protection.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPrograma Paraguayo para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y Tecnología. Proyectos de investigación y desarroll

Hepatitis A and E among immigrants and refugees in Central Brazil

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) among immigrants and refugees in Goiás, Central Brazil. METHODS Overall, 355 individuals were interviewed, and blood samples were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG. Anti-HEV-positive samples were similarly tested for HEV RNA. RESULTS All participants were from Latin American countries, most of whom, young adult males. The overall anti-HAV IgG prevalence was 87.4% (95%CI: 83.5–90.4), of whom 94.9%, 75.6%, and 60% were from Haiti, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Age above 19 years and more than 36 months residing in Brazil were associated with a higher prevalence of previous HAV and HEV infection, respectively. Of the children eligible for HAV vaccination according to the National Immunization Program, only eight (44%) had been vaccinated. The overall anti-HEV IgG prevalence was 6.5% (95%CI: 4.4–9.5). All anti-HEV IgG-positive individuals were Haitians, including a child born in Brazil. HEV RNA was detected in two of the anti-HEV IgG-positive samples. CONCLUSION The survey detected a high prevalence of anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgG among immigrants and refugees, and active HEV infection among some Haitian participants. Prevention measures are urgently required to interrupt enteric virus transmission in this emergent and vulnerable population

Poor sensitivity of rapid tests for the detection of antibodies to the hepatitis B virus : implications for field studies

Rapid tests (RTs) can be used as an alternative method for the conventional diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study aims to evaluate antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe) RTs under different Brazilian settings. The following three groups were included: GI: viral hepatitis outpatient services; GII: low resource areas; and GIII: crack users and beauticians. Imuno-rápido anti-HBsAg™ and Imuno-rápido anti-HBeAg™ RTs were evaluated and showed specificities greater than 95% in all groups. The sensitivity values to anti-HBs were 50.38%, 51.05% and 46.73% and the sensitivity values to anti-HBe were 76.99%, 10.34% and 11.76% in the GI, GII and GIII groups, respectively. The assays had a low sensitivity and high specificity, which indicated their use for screening in regions endemic for HBV

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3&nbsp;e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Evaluating Knowledge about Human Papillomavirus Infection among Brazilian Health Professionals

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-08-22T11:56:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaPaula_LiviaVillar_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 347488 bytes, checksum: 0f04fb1234fbc4c4f2db29a351b5d59f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-08-22T12:11:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaPaula_LiviaVillar_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 347488 bytes, checksum: 0f04fb1234fbc4c4f2db29a351b5d59f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-22T12:11:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaPaula_LiviaVillar_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 347488 bytes, checksum: 0f04fb1234fbc4c4f2db29a351b5d59f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Faculdade Redentor. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Itaperuna, RJ, Brasil.Faculdade Redentor. Itaperuna, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Tecnologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Although two safe and clinically effective vaccines against HPV have been developed, they are not available to the public health network in Brazil. This study was performed to assess knowledge about HPV among seventy-nine professionals who completed a questionnaire about diagnosis, transmission, symptoms, prevention and general information. General knowledge about HPV was high, as most of them recognized that HPV is transmitted sexually (98.7%), the disease can be asymptomatic (82.3%) or warts can be present on the genitals (84.8 ) and the Pap smear is the screening method to identify cellular changes on the cervix (88.6%). However, many professionals did not know that there are now vaccines available for many HPV variants (38.0%) and that not all of them are oncogenic (44.3%). These data show that further educational programs, especially about HPV prevention, are needed in Brazil