Intervention in Litigation in the Civil Proceedings: A Comparative Study

The Jordanian, Iraqi, and French legislators have allowed a nonparty to intervene in ongoing litigation as a matter of right before the courts, even if he is not a party in litigation nor a representative by joining one of the parties to support their point of view in the case. This is called the joint intervention. The Jordanian legislator did not allow this intervention for the first time before a court in accordance with the principle of litigation in two degrees. While the Iraqi and French legislators who expressly stated that it is permissible, and allowed the others to intervene and demand an independent right from the litigating parties and against them. This is called the original intervention, under the conditions, procedures and controls stipulated by the law. At the same time, the original litigants are allowed to introduce a third party under an executive ruling or a decision by the court. This is called a third party litigation.  The Jordanian legislator defined the cases permitting the introduction of an intervener under a court order exclusively. It was more reasonable for the Jordanian legislator to the give the court the powers to assess these cases and not limit them to specific ones as conducted by the Iraqi and the French legislators. Keywords: Intervention, introduction, third party, litigation. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/85-11 Publication date:May 31st 2019

The Provisions of Supervisor Responsibility in the Jordanian Civil Code

Neither harm nor malice, he who inflicted harm on others shall have personal and direct responsibilitytowards the injured party.He is legally obliged in his personal capacity for liability and damage reparation.For the purpose of granting the injured party a more favorable interest, the law provided for additional responsibility, in deviation from the original rule, called the Supervisor Responsibility,that grants the injured party the right toreferto a person other than the perpetrator of the damage if there are conditions and descriptions in both the perpetrator of the damage and the third party to whom the injured party has the right to refer to guarantee the damage.This study aims to clarify these personal conditions and descriptions, the relationship of the damageperpetrator with the third party who will holds direct liability, the guarantee of the harmful act, the statement of the basis of suchresponsibility, and the special and general aspects of defense made by the supervisors to hold themselves not responsible. Keywords: Assumed Responsibility; Supervisors; Damage; Actual Authority DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/86-10 Publication date:June 30th 201

Locating and Quantifying Necking in Piles Through Numerical Simulation of PIT

Defects of concrete piles can occur at any point during the construction of piles. Most common types of pile integrity issues are; presence of voids, inconsistency in concrete mix, entrapped groundwater or slurry, and geometric dislocation. These defects can be categorized based on the place in the construction sequence at which the defect occurs. This research introduces several numerical models of defected piles with various scenarios in order to identify, locate, and quantify the necking occurring in these piles. The finite element software (ADINA) is used to simulate the studied models. The soil domain is modeled as an axisymmetric space around the concrete pile. Five diameters of piles (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm) are studied. Necking is modeled at three different locations along the pile namely; upper, middle, and bottom third. Four ratios between the necking diameter and pile diameter are also studied. The dynamic force used in this research is that simulating the pile integrity test (PIT) case, with 2.5 N impact load applied at the pile head, half wave of sinusoidal pattern, and 0.5 kilo hertz frequency. The time domain of the dynamic force analysis is equal to 0.0175 sec, and applied in 450 steps

Management for failed back surgery syndrome: three-in-one procedure versus percutaneous spinal fixation alone

Objectives: To evaluate the short-term outcome of a 3-in-1 procedure including percutaneous facet radiofrequency, percutaneous spinal fixation and steroid with hyaluronidase enzyme injection versus percutaneous spinal fixation alone for cases with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS).Patients and methods: The study included 50 patients who had had previous spinal surgery since a mean duration of 39.7 ± 8.5 months and developed recurrent back pain since a mean duration of 10 ± 2.1 months. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; group A underwent percutaneous spinal fixation only and group B underwent the 3-in-1 procedure. Outcome was evaluated at the end of six months postoperatively (PO) using a pain numeric rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Odom’s criteria for evaluation of surgical outcome with evaluation of patients’ satisfaction by outcome.Results: All patients showed progressive decrease of NRS pain and ODI scores compared with preoperative scores. However, patients in group B showed significantly lower postoperative NRS pain scores and ODI with significantly higher frequency of patients having had > 50% reduction of both scores compared with patients in group A. PO analgesic consumption rate in both groups was significantly lower than the preoperative rate with a significant reduction of mean total scoring compared with preoperative scoring. The frequency of patients who found the provided therapeutic procedure satisfactory and its outcome good-to excellent was significantly higher among patients in group B compared with group A.Conclusion: Short-term outcomes of the applied 3-in-1 procedure are promising for improvement of symptoms secondary to FBSS and may ultimately prove to be recommended as the therapeutic modality for such a challenging clinical problem.Keywords: failed spinal surgery, percutaneous facet radiofrequency, percutaneous spinal fixatio

Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective analysis of 17 cases from Central Tunisia

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell’s syndrome, is a rare, life-threatening and wide-spread exfoliative disease of the skin and mucous membrane that is most commonly drug-induced. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 17 patients who suffered from TEN in Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia over a 19-year period from January 1994 to January 2013. Causality for suspected drugs was assessed by means of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction (ADR) probability scale. Antibiotics, mainly ß-lactams, were the most common implicated drugs, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, and allopurinol. The interval between drug intake and onset of the first symptom ranged between few hours and 19 days with a mean period of 6.11 days. There was extensive skin detachment, averaging 66.17% of total body surface area (range 40-95%). The most major complication was infection, occurring in 9 patients (53%). Seven patients died with a mortality rate of 41%

Port capacity forecasting and the impact of the dredging works on port sea operations using discrete event simulation

Continuous capacity expansion is vital for ports to handle future growth due to the increase in volume of maritime transport and size of the vessels. Some improvements and developments are required for the port to enhance its capacity throughput. In order to accommodate huge vessels without any restrictions, there is a need to deepen the channels. Furthermore, there is also need to widen the channel to prevent congestions. Ho wever, dredging work for deepening the harbour waters will reduce the utilization of the berths and navigational areas . This will significantly affect the port capacity and hence its income. In this paper a simulation program based on queuing theory and di screte event simulation is developed and used for forecasting port throughput and simulating dredging conditions. Data from a container port and an Automatic Identification System (AIS) were utilised to develop the simulation program in MATLAB - Simulink. Us ing this tool, port capacity was simulated and the effect of dredging on port capacity was studied. An appropriate period of time needed for dredging is determined by taking into considerations the blocking of some berths and limiting the number of vessels passing the channel s during the dredging operations. The results from the simulations could then be used for planning the dredging works

Evaluation of the efficacy of oral ivermectin in comparison with ivermectin–metronidazole combined therapy in the treatment of ocular and skin lesions of Demodex folliculorum

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin and combined ivermectin–metronidazole therapy in the treatment of ocular and skin lesions of Demodex folliculorum.MethodsOne hundred twenty patients with skin lesions and anterior blepharitis, whose infestation was treatment-resistant and who had a Demodex count >5 mites/cm2 for skin lesions or ≥3 mites at the root of each eyelash, were recruited. The treatment regimens were ivermectin and ivermectin–metronidazole combined therapy. We enrolled 15 patients from each of four groups for each treatment regimen. Demodex was detected by standardized skin surface biopsy for skin lesions. Three eyelashes from each affected lower eyelid were epilated and examined. The study subjects were followed-up once a week for four visits.ResultsThere was a difference in the mite count between the subgroups taking ivermectin and combined therapy during all follow-up visits. At the last visit, in the combined therapy subgroup, 1.7% of patients showed no clinical improvement, 26.7% showed a marked clinical improvement, and 71.6% showed complete remission. In those on the ivermectin regimen, 27 patients had a mite count >5 mites/cm2, 21.7% showed no clinical improvement, 33.3% showed a marked improvement, and 45% showed complete remission.ConclusionsCombined therapy was superior in decreasing the D. folliculorum count in all groups and in reducing the mite count to the normal level in rosacea and in anterior blepharitis. On the other hand, the two regimens were comparable in reducing the mite count to the normal level in acne and peri-oral dermatitis lesions

The Legitimacy of Cloning under the Jordanian Law

Two decades ago, a female sheep called (Dolly) was cloned. Cloning the latter sheep attracted a global attention. It indicated that humans can be successfully cloned. People’s attitudes towards cloning differ. For instance, there are people who believe that cloning is legitimate and others who believe that it’s not. Others have neutral attitudes towards cloning. Due to such a scientific discovery, many countries – especially European countries – enacted legislations that govern cloning. Some of those legislations legitimize cloning, whereas others don’t. However, the Arab and Islamic countries are still in need to enact legislations that govern cloning. There are political factors that affect countries’ views about the legitimacy of cloning. Therefore, there are countries that have cooperated with one another in terms of setting legislations that govern cloning. There are also countries that have cooperated in identifying the definition, types and legitimacy of cloning.  Due to the difference between countries in terms of religion, and political views, countries differ in their views about the legitimacy of cloning. The researchers of the present study recommend enacting national legislations that govern cloning and its legitimacy by the Jordanian legislator. Key words:      Cloning , Stem Cell , Genetic Engineering , Genom

The Legitimacy of Cloning under the Jordanian Law

Two decades ago, a female sheep called (Dolly) was cloned. Cloning the latter sheep attracted a global attention. It indicated that humans can be successfully cloned. People’s attitudes towards cloning differ. For instance, there are people who believe that cloning is legitimate and others who believe that it’s not. Others have neutral attitudes towards cloning. Due to such a scientific discovery, many countries – especially European countries – enacted legislations that govern cloning. Some of those legislations legitimize cloning, whereas others don’t. However, the Arab and Islamic countries are still in need to enact legislations that govern cloning. There are political factors that affect countries’ views about the legitimacy of cloning. Therefore, there are countries that have cooperated with one another in terms of setting legislations that govern cloning. There are also countries that have cooperated in identifying the definition, types and legitimacy of cloning.  Due to the difference between countries in terms of religion, and political views, countries differ in their views about the legitimacy of cloning. The researchers of the present study recommend enacting national legislations that govern cloning and its legitimacy by the Jordanian legislator. Key words:      Cloning , Stem Cell , Genetic Engineering , Genom

Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose and cortisol levels of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight middle-aged women with T2DM (mean age: 45.67 ± 2.92 years) were randomly assigned to either the aerobic training group (AT: n = 29; mean age [46.1 ± 2.7 years]) or the aerobic exercise combined with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation (AT + DMM: n = 29; mean age [45.24 ± 3.14 years]). Aerobic exercise was performed at 60%-75% of the maximum heart rate. The women in each group were asked to perform the training three times weekly over a 6-week period. The duration of each session was 40 min for the AT group and 60 min for the AT + DMM group. The two groups were asked to perform aerobic exercise at 60%-75% of the maximum heart rate. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and after the 6 weeks. Results: Compared with the AT group, the group undertaking 6 weeks of aerobic training combined with slow, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation showed significantly lower levels of FBG (p = 0.001) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) than the AT group. Conclusion: The addition of slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation to aerobic exercise can better control the glucose and cortisol levels of women with T2DM and thereby improve their outcomes and decrease their cardiometabolic risk