Addressing harm in online gaming communities -- the opportunities and challenges for a restorative justice approach

Most platforms implement some form of content moderation to address interpersonal harms such as harassment. Content moderation relies on offender-centered, punitive justice approaches such as bans and content removals. We consider an alternative justice framework, restorative justice, which aids victims to heal, supports offenders to repair the harm, and engages community members to address the harm collectively. To understand the utility of restorative justice in addressing online harm, we interviewed 23 users from Overwatch gaming communities, including moderators, victims, and offenders. We understand how they currently handle harm cases through the lens of restorative justice and identify their attitudes toward implementing restorative justice processes. Our analysis reveals that while online communities have needs for and existing structures to support restorative justice, there are structural, cultural, and resource-related obstacles to implementing this new approach within the existing punitive framework. We discuss the opportunities and challenges for applying restorative justice in online spaces

Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and An Irrigation Activation System on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium which is the most abundant species in infected root canals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method for killing the bacteria with active Oxygen radicals generated in a photosensitizer when exposed to centralized light. Furthermore, as a new method of canal disinfection, a variety of irrigation activation systems have been introduced, one of which is GentleFile (GF) with rotary movements and spiral effects for antibacterial action. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two mentioned methods when used with and without Sodium Hypochlorite in eliminating E. faecalis from infected root canals.Methods: Fifty-eight uniradicular teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 14. Two specimens were selected for later scanning electron microscopy in order to screen the procedure steps. In each experimental group, 10 samples were selected to be treated with GF or PDT; 3 of them were selected as positive controls and the other one sample was chosen as a negative control. Experimental groups were as follows: (1) Irrigation activation system, (2) Irrigation activation system + sodium hypochlorite, (3) PDT, and (4) PDT+ sodium hypochlorite. The specimens were then cultured for a bacterial colony count.Results: The decrease in the bacterial count after the treatment with the irrigation activation system was 99.8% (P = 0.011) and when the system was used with sodium hypochlorite, it was 100% (P = 0.001). The antibacterial effect of PDT was 90.08% (P = 0.011) and it was 99.7% when PDT was combined with sodium hypochlorite (P = 0.011).Conclusion: All four methods can be administered as complementary methods in root canal disinfection. According to the results of disinfection in the experimental groups of current study it is concluded that integration of new technologies such as activation irrigation system or PDT in Combination with NaOCl ameliorates disinfection of root canal and can provide several advantages in the endodontic outcome.

Physician Detection of Clinical Harm in Machine Translation: Quality Estimation Aids in Reliance and Backtranslation Identifies Critical Errors

A major challenge in the practical use of Machine Translation (MT) is that users lack guidance to make informed decisions about when to rely on outputs. Progress in quality estimation research provides techniques to automatically assess MT quality, but these techniques have primarily been evaluated in vitro by comparison against human judgments outside of a specific context of use. This paper evaluates quality estimation feedback in vivo with a human study simulating decision-making in high-stakes medical settings. Using Emergency Department discharge instructions, we study how interventions based on quality estimation versus backtranslation assist physicians in deciding whether to show MT outputs to a patient. We find that quality estimation improves appropriate reliance on MT, but backtranslation helps physicians detect more clinically harmful errors that QE alone often misses.Comment: EMNLP 202

Worker-Centered Design: Expanding HCI Methods for Supporting Labor

HCI has long considered sites of workplace collaboration. From airline cockpits to distributed groupware systems, scholars emphasize the importance of supporting a multitude of tasks and creating technologies that integrate into collaborative work settings. More recent scholarship highlights a growing need to consider the concerns of workers within and beyond established workplace settings or roles of employment, from steelworkers whose jobs have been eliminated with post-industrial shifts in the economy to contractors performing the content moderation that shapes our social media experiences. This one-day workshop seeks to bring together a growing community of HCI scholars concerned with the labor upon which the future of work we envision relies. We will discuss existing methods for studying work that we find both productive and problematic, with the aim of understanding how we might better bridge current gaps in research, policy, and practice. Such conversations will focus on the challenges associated with taking a worker-oriented approach and outline concrete methods and strategies for conducting research on labor in changing industrial, political, and environmental contexts

Production Across the Nordics

In the uncertain and volatile market that companies are currently facing worldwide, researchers and engineers\ua0become a key link to\ua0strengthen the industry and universities\ua0in order to\ua0understand, communicate, and tackle\ua0current challenges. In the PhD course, International Production, the goal is to investigate what makes Sweden and Iceland booming industrial hubs\ua0driven by technology. Through the\ua0visits to different types of industries, such as fintech, medical, or automotive industry,\ua0we as researchers have gained a better understanding of the challenges they are currently facing. This report is a summary of our findings and observations.\ua0\ua0The participants have focused on the\ua0six challenge areas highlighted within the Produktion2030 graduate school and summarize their findings as:\ua0\ua0•Resource-efficient production:\ua0Data as a resource is becoming increasingly important for the majority of companies in the Nordics and the application of traditional resource management tools on data is a suggested area for future research. \ua0•Flexible production:To strengthen organizations by\ua0enabling\ua0production systems to be flexible to address\ua0market variations is a key\ua0challenge to consider in the manufacturing industry•Virtual production development:Digitalization level is distinct in each Nodic country with the reason that each country has its own digitalization transformation policy and different measures on digitalization level.\ua0•Humans in the production system:Humans are central in the production systems of the visited companies. Use of automation technology and AI to support humans in their work may become more common in the future.•Circular production systems and maintenance:Circular production systems require a complex approach through the whole value chain. Industry in the Nordics has started the adoption of a circularity approach.\ua0•Integrated product and production development:\ua0Integration of product and production development is a key business factor for the Nordic countries, and geographical proximity between the two departments can have a beneficial effect. \ua0We hope that this report provides more\ua0details\ua0regarding\ua0the success and current challenges of the Swedish and Icelandic enterprises