Theoretical Study of the Effect of Hydroxy Subgroup on the Electronic and Spectroscopic Properties of Azulene Molecule: As a Nano Structure DFT Calculations

Theoretical studies on Nono hydroxyl azulene molecules group in different positions were performed using DFT. Based on B3LYP with 6-31(d,p)basis set was used to investigate the effect of different position of hydroxyl(electron–withdrawing groups) on the electronic and structural properties of Nano hydroxyl azulene molecules.The optimized orientation and optimized parameters show that these stractures have nano dimensions comfared with the original molecule, The optimized structure, total energies, electronic states, energy gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophilictity, dipole moment and dipole polarizability were calculated. The harmonic vibration frequencies calculated and analyzed. The results showed a decrease in gap energies and improve the electronic properties.   Keywords: B3LYP/DFT, Ionization potential, electron affinity, energy gap, and IR spectru

Theoretical Study of the Electronic Properties for fluorine Azulene Molecules Group: by B 3 LYP-DFT

Abstrac

Psychologie in der arabischen Welt: Politik, Kultur und Wissenschaft

"Der Beitrag tritt für eine arabische Psychologie ein, die sowohl in der Lage ist, die Belange der lokalen Bevölkerung zu verstehen als auch die etablierten wissenschaftlichen Methoden zu respektieren und zu verwenden. Das Konzept einer indigenen Psychologie wird von einem Überblick über die der arabischen Psychologie inhärenten Herausforderungen eingerahmt. Zu berücksichtigen sind dabei vor allem die politischen, historischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Entwicklungslinien. Dennoch existiert bereits so etwas wie eine arabische Psychologie. Ihre liberalen wie konservativen Trends als auch die bedeutendsten Vertreter der Vergangenheit wie der Gegenwart werden vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat)"This paper advocates for an Arab psychology that is able to meet the concerns of local people and in a manner that respects and makes use of established scientific methods. The concept of indigenous psychology frames a review of the challenges inherent in developing an Arab psychology that includes attention to political, historical, economic, and social development dimensions. Nevertheless, an Arab psychology of sorts exists and its liberal and conservative trends and eminent thinkers of the past and today are presented." (author's abstract

ANTIPSYCHOTICS- CLASSIFICATION, USES, AND ADVERSE EFFECTS

Introduction: Antipsychotic agents are categorized usually as either “typical antipsychotics” or “atypical antipsychotics”. Typical antipsychotic pharmacological agents, which are also called first-generation antipsychotics or traditional antipsychotics, include chlorpromazine and haloperidol. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic pharmacological agents, which are also called second generation antipsychotics, include risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics work in similar mechanisms by inhibiting the activation of specific receptors in the dopamine pathway.Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss the antipsychotics- classification, uses, and adverse effects, Methodology: We did a systematic search for antipsychotics- classification, uses, and adverse effects using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles.Conclusions: The prescription of atypical antipsychotic agents, like quetiapine and olanzapine, has been significantly increasing and in many conditions, they are sometimes prescribed “off-label” – which is a worrying trend due to their possible risk of developing harmful adverse events. Therefore, atypical antipsychotic agents must only be used in their specific indications and with caution, especially among older patients and young adults. Atypical antipsychotic agents can be indicated for schizophrenia treatment and other associated conditions and in some cases to treat the behavioral and psychological manifestations related to dementia (risperidone only). Antipsychotics are not first-line treatments for patients with anxiety and are not generally recommended for the use in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder or insomnia. Key words: antipsychotics, classification, uses, and adverse effects

Mental illness stigma as a moderator in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslims from 16 Arab countries

Background: Determining the potential barriers responsible for delaying access to care, and elucidating pathways to early intervention should be a priority, especially in Arab countries where mental health resources are limited. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the relationship between religiosity, stigma and help-seeking in an Arab Muslim cultural background. Hence, we propose in the present study to test the moderating role of stigma toward mental illness in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslim community people living in different Arab countries. Method: The current survey is part of a large-scale multinational collaborative project (StIgma of Mental Problems in Arab CounTries [The IMPACT Project]). We carried-out a web-based cross-sectional, and multi-country study between June and November 2021. The final sample comprised 9782 Arab Muslim participants (mean age 29.67 ± 10.80 years, 77.1% females). Results: Bivariate analyses showed that less stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness and higher religiosity levels were significantly associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes. Moderation analyses revealed that the interaction religiosity by mental illness stigma was significantly associated with help-seeking attitudes (Beta =.005; p \u3c.001); at low and moderate levels of stigma, higher religiosity was significantly associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes. Conclusion: Our findings preliminarily suggest that mental illness stigma is a modifiable individual factor that seems to strengthen the direct positive effect of religiosity on help-seeking attitudes. This provides potential insights on possible anti-stigma interventions that might help overcome reluctance to counseling in highly religious Arab Muslim communities

Cross-cultural comparison of mental illness stigma and help-seeking attitudes: a multinational population-based study from 16 Arab countries and 10,036 individuals

BackgroundThere is evidence that culture deeply affects beliefs about mental illnesses\u27 causes, treatment, and help-seeking. We aimed to explore and compare knowledge, attitudes toward mental illness and help-seeking, causal attributions, and help-seeking recommendations for mental illnesses across various Arab countries and investigate factors related to attitudes toward help-seeking.MethodsWe carried out a multinational cross-sectional study using online self-administered surveys in the Arabic language from June to November 2021 across 16 Arab countries among participants from the general public.ResultsMore than one in four individuals exhibited stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness (26.5%), had poor knowledge (31.7%), and hold negative attitudes toward help-seeking (28.0%). ANOVA tests revealed a significant difference between countries regarding attitudes (F = 194.8, p \u3c .001), knowledge (F = 88.7, p \u3c .001), and help-seeking attitudes (F = 32.4, p \u3c .001). Three multivariate regression analysis models were performed for overall sample, as well as Palestinian and Sudanese samples that displayed the lowest and highest ATSPPH-SF scores, respectively. In the overall sample, being female, older, having higher knowledge and more positive attitudes toward mental illness, and endorsing biomedical and psychosocial causations were associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes; whereas having a family psychiatric history and endorsing religious/supernatural causations were associated with more negative help-seeking attitudes. The same results have been found in the Palestinian sample, while only stigma dimensions helped predict help-seeking attitudes in Sudanese participants.ConclusionInterventions aiming at improving help-seeking attitudes and behaviors and promoting early access to care need to be culturally tailored, and congruent with public beliefs about mental illnesses and their causations

Mental illness stigma as a moderator in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslims from 16 Arab countries

Background: Determining the potential barriers responsible for delaying access to care, and elucidating pathways to early intervention should be a priority, especially in Arab countries where mental health resources are limited. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the relationship between religiosity, stigma and help-seeking in an Arab Muslim cultural background. Hence, we propose in the present study to test the moderating role of stigma toward mental illness in the relationship between religiosity and help-seeking attitudes among Muslim community people living in different Arab countries. Method: The current survey is part of a large-scale multinational collaborative project (StIgma of Mental Problems in Arab CounTries [The IMPACT Project]). We carried-out a web-based cross-sectional, and multi-country study between June and November 2021. The final sample comprised 9782 Arab Muslim participants (mean age 29.67 ± 10.80 years, 77.1% females). Results: Bivariate analyses showed that less stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness and higher religiosity levels were significantly associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes. Moderation analyses revealed that the interaction religiosity by mental illness stigma was significantly associated with help-seeking attitudes (Beta = .005; p < .001); at low and moderate levels of stigma, higher religiosity was significantly associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes. Conclusion: Our findings preliminarily suggest that mental illness stigma is a modifiable individual factor that seems to strengthen the direct positive effect of religiosity on help-seeking attitudes. This provides potential insights on possible anti-stigma interventions that might help overcome reluctance to counseling in highly religious Arab Muslim communities

Improve and assiment of palestinain food import

This study has aimed at studying the Palestinians system for importing stuffs and identifying all parties related to this system whether they are governmental or non-governmental and also recognizing the stages that the trader pass through from the beginning of importing until the goods reach the stores of the trader before displaying them in the market. It has also aimed at assessing and developing this system through answering the following questions: What are the governmental institution that are related to importing food.1 in Palestine? What are the non-governmental and local institutions that are relevant.2 to importing stuffs in Palestine? ؟ What are the crossing points among these governmental institutions.3 ؟ What is the effectiveness of the governmental institutions in controlling.4 food importing stuffs which aren’t complied the imported Palestinian system? Is it possible to build a system for importing food stuffs in Palestine.5 through a unified outlet? For answering these questions, the researcher has used a studying tool, that iscomparing the Jordanian importing food system and the Israeli importing food system with Palestinian one, then using the Jordanian system as a reference for this comparison.This study has farmed a challenge for the researcher as it unique and this thing has made it. More difficult task as there isn’t any possibility for making use of other previous studies that are related to this subject, so he depended a Jordanian and Israeli system as previous studies and as a tool for comparing and deducing recommendations for developing the Palestinian system for import food stuffs. This study has been conducted on the ministries and the private sector institutions in the west bank that are related to system and they are: . The Ministry of National Commerce.1 . The Institution of Measurement and.2 . The Ministry of Health.3 . The Ministry of Agriculture.4 . Palestinian Shipping Council.5 In addition to visited the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and also visiting: . Food and Drug Association.1 . The Ministry of Agriculture.2 . The Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Wear behaviour of TiC coated AISI 4340 steel produced by TIG surface melting

Coating possesses superior wear resistance which makes the material suitable for components subjected to dynamic applications under sever wearing condition and high temperature applications. In this study, TiC coating layer was synthesized by preplacing a 1 mg/mm2 of fine size (~40 μm) TiC powder on the surface of AISI 4340 steel. The composite layer was produced by rapidly melting TiC powder together with the substrate steel using tungsten inert gas (TIG) torch welding at a fixed heat input of 1344 J/mm. The wear behaviour of the coated steel was investigated using a universal pin-on-disc tribometer. The microhardness profile of the coating showed increment of the hardness value (almost 5 times higher) than the substrate material. The wear test results showed that the TiC coated steel has lower wear volume loss hence, higher wear resistance compared to the substrate AISI 4340 steel. Incorporation of TiC into the steel surface has improved the wear behaviour of the steel by reduction of plastic deformation and ploughing of the steel surface. The SEM micrograph of the wear worn surface showed mild type of abrasive wear for coated steel whereas, the AISI 4340 steel showed severe type wear with excessive plastic deformation and ploughing

Impact study of integrating solar double chimney power plant into electrical grid

Integrating a novel design of Solar Double Chimney Power Plant system (SDCPPS) into a traditional medium voltage (MV)) distribution grid in the Safawi area, Jordan was presented. The impact of full-day integration of the maximum electrical energy on the performance indices of voltage profile (VP), power factor (PF), losses, and voltage step (VS) was assessed. The SDCPP operates under uniform electrical energy production even under varied weather conditions to generate 286.6 MWh/year. Connecting the SDCPP to the Medium Voltage (MV) point allows for electrical energy stabilization, minimizes energy losses, and maintains the allowable PF. The maximum reduction of voltage deviation (VD), and the average and maximum reduction in the losses were 0.93%, 0.34%, and 0.43%, respectively, The VS limit at the point of common coupling was within the 3% of the rated voltage. The PF dropped to 0.72 due to the increase of pure active power generated from the SDCPPS. Improving the combined PF is based on the BSP, which should be operated under 0.88 leading to keeping the SDCPPS running in the PF control mode as per connection code requirements. The performance of the SDCPPS has the edge over other renewable energy sources for all performance indices.Scopu