Few determinants of compulsive buying of youth in Pakistan

Consumer compulsive buying has been an important area of study in consumer behavior research. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of factors like age, tendency to spend, post purchase guilt, drive to spend compulsively, feeling about shopping and spending and dysfunctional spending on compulsive buying behavior of youth in Pakistan. The primary data for this study was collected from questionnaire that was administered in Bahawalpur, Lahore and Islamabad. A convenience sample of three hundred and seventy one respondents was used in the study. Statistical techniques of correlation and regression were used for data analysis. The empirical findings show that the age has a significant but negative relationship with the compulsive buying behavior. However the factors tendency to spend, drive to spend compulsively, feeling about shopping and spending, dysfunctional spending and post purchase guilt are positively related to compulsive buying behavior.Compulsive buying behavior; Youth, Pakistan; Tendency to spend; Drive to spend Compulsively; Feeling about shopping and spending; Dysfunctional spending; Post purchase guilt; Age

Development of Super Hydrophobic Surfaces using Silica Nanoparticles

The development of surfaces that have high water contact angles and hysteresis has always been of great importance in industrial applications. Various methods and techniques have been introduced to fabricate surfaces at nano-scale to support super hydrophobicity. Some of these techniques are expensive, some are very complex, most can be used for selective materials and substrate and some form surfaces with very poor wear resistance. This document represents a systematic study on fabrication of super hydrophobic surfaces on glass substrate (SiO2) using the functionalized silica (SiO2) nano particles. SU8, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Methyphenyl Resin SR355 polymer are being used as binder for Silica nanoparticles to stick on glass substrate. Measurements of contac

The Effectiveness of Teaching Using Virtual and Flipped Classrooms In Developing Achievement Among First Secondary Female Students on History in Qasr District

The study aimed to know the effectiveness of teaching using virtual classrooms and flipped classrooms in developing the achievement of first-year secondary students in the subject of history in Qasr District. To achieve the objectives of the study, the quasi-experimental approach was adopted, where the study was conducted on an experimental group consisting of (23) students who were taught through virtual classes and an experimental group consisting of (22) taught by flipped classrooms, where the choice was by the intentional way, they were distributed among two study divisions randomly from the first year secondary students Serfa Secondary School for the academic year 2020/2021 AD. To collect the study data, an achievement test was prepared. The validity and reliability of this tool were verified before its application and the results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of flipped classes and development of achievement. According to the results of the study, the researcher recommends conducting more studies in the field of virtual classrooms and flipped classrooms. Keywords: Achievement , Flipped Classes, Virtual Classes. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-31-05 Publication date: November 30th 202

Comparison of Cooperative Diversity Protocols in Various Relay Locations through Network Coding

In this paper, the performance of Network Coded (NC) based cooperative network for various relay location over Rayleigh fading channels is studied. Comparisons of Amplify and Forward (AAF), Detect and Forward (DTF) and Decode and forward (DCF) protocols for the proposed system are shown. The performance of relays in AAF, DTF and DCF is analyzed in terms of bit error rate (BER) vs signal to noise ratio (SNR). Matlab is used to build Monte-Carlo link level simulation. The effect of relays at different position is studied

Measuring customer based beverage brand equity : investigating the relationship between perceived quality, brand awareness, brand image, and brand loyalty

This study examined the antecedents of brand equity such as, brand awareness, perceived quality and the mediating role of a brand Image on brand loyalty. Total number of (n = 150) questionnaires were distributed among the consumers living in four cities (Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Sialkot, and Sargodha) of Pakistan. Out of the total questionnaires only (n = 130, 86.6%) completed questionnaires were received. Pearson correlation, linear regression and multiple regression tests were used to test the data and infer the results. Results show a positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Additionally, mediation has been found between brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty due to brand image. It means that brand awareness and perceived quality develop the brand image which ultimately yields brand loyalty. Thus loyalty programs of beverage companies should focus on brand awareness and consumers’ perception of quality. Overall, these results show that the influence on brand loyalty varies across various variables of the study. The results contribute significantly to the brand equity topic.Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Examining success factors: Entrepreneurial approaches in mountainous regions of Pakistan

Amongst the challenges faced by developing countries, one of the major challenges is the development of successful enterprises that not only helps its people but also contributes significantly in economic development of the country. This paper gauges the factors that contribute to the success of entrepreneurial activities. The focus is on the mountainous region, which faces many challenges. Ultimately, a framework of success has been proposed for consideration of policy makers. To measure the contribution of these factors a survey instrument has been used on a sample of 100 entrepreneurs in different sectors (mountainous region of Pakistan). The findings show the local perspective that entrepreneurs feel that these factors contribute significantly towards success. The eight factors used are advancement drive, achievement oriented, commitment, decision-making ability, managing risk, tenacity, networking, and optimism. Pakistan having a geographical importance in the region has the potential of growth and development, the unexplored natural resource, a trade route with China and potential trade route with Central Asian countries, diversified culture and tourism gives it an edge over other countries. The lack of effective policies and governance is the biggest problem Pakistan faces

Do effective risk management affect organizational performance

Due to globalization and intense competition, risks are increasing and risk management is becoming an integral part for the success of almost every organization, especially for the software development sector because of their high-risk projects, as the risks are associated with every development step of projects undertaken. The main purpose of this study is to report on the current practices of risk management in Pakistani software development sector. Based on the data, collected from 25 organizations working in software development sector, the results indicates that risk management practices are not widely used by the organization(s), moreover most of the organizations do not have documented risk management policy properly. Therefore, these organizations cannot deal with the risks systematically and sometimes face negative consequences for the non-systematic approaches. However, few companies have implemented certain risk management techniques and are enjoying high performance

Effective advertising and its influence on consumer buying behavior

Advertising is a form of communication intended to convince an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, information, or services etc. This paper investigates the relationship between independent variables which are environmental response and emotional response with attitudinal and behavioral aspect of consumer buying behavior, by tapping the responses of 200 respondents using telecommunication services from Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore (cities of Pakistan). The major findings of the study demonstrate an overall normal association between the variables but in-depth analysis found that emotional response of consumer purchase behavior is the variable that results into strong association with the consumer buying behavior. It is true that people purchase those brands with which they are emotionally attached. This study reports new evidences in the field of consumer buying behavior of consumers pertaining to the local markets of these cities of Pakistan