Systems Overview of Ono: A DIY Reproducible Open Source Social Robot*

Abstract — One of the major obstacles in the study of humanrobot interaction with social robots is the lack of platforms to allow for tests with large user groups. Often, the price of these robots prohibits using more than a handful of robots. Another factor is that with commercial platforms, the robots do not possess all the necessary features to perform an experiment and due to the closed nature of the platform, large modifications are nearly impossible. While open source social robots do exist, they often use the best components that are commercially available, and make use of expensive manufacturing techniques, which make them unsuitable for large-scale studies. To address this problem, a new social robotics platform, named Ono, was developed. The design is based on the DIY mindset of the maker movement, using readily available components and hobbyist accessible rapid prototyping and manufacturing techniques. The modular structure of the robot makes it easy to adapt to the needs of the experiment and by embracing the open source mentality, the robot can be further developed by a community of users. The low cost, open nature and the DIY friendliness of the robot make it an ideal candidate for HRI studies with a large user group. I

Neuromuscular-blocking agents for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients (0-12 years): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: The benefit of using neuromuscular-blocking agents to facilitate tracheal intubation in pediatric patients remains unclear due to variations in design, treatments, and results among trials. By combining the available evidence, we aimed to establish whether scientific findings are consistent and can be generalized across various populations, settings, and treatments. METHODS: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials, related to the use of neuromuscular-blocking agents for tracheal intubation in American Society of Anesthesiologists class I-II participants (0-12 years), was performed. We considered all randomized controlled trials that studied whether intubation conditions and hemodynamics obtained by using neuromuscular-blocking agents were equivalent to those that were achieved without neuromuscular-blocking agents. We combined the outcomes in Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan, The Cochrane Collaboration) by pairwise random-effects meta-analysis using a risk ratio (RR) for intubation conditions and mean difference for hemodynamic values (mean [95% Confidence Intervals]). Heterogeneity among trials was explored using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: We identified 22 eligible randomized controlled trials with 1651 participants. Overall, the use of a neuromuscular-blocking agent was associated with a clinically important increase in the likelihood of both excellent (RR = 1.41 [1.19-1.68], I(2)  = 76%) and acceptable (RR = 1.13 [1.07-1.19], I(2)  = 68%) intubating conditions. There is strong evidence that both unacceptable intubation conditions (RR = 0.35 [0.22-0.46], I(2)  = 23%) and failed first intubation attempts (RR = 0.25 [0.14-0.42], I(2)  = 0%) were less likely to occur when a neuromuscular-blocking agent was used compared with when it was not. Higher systolic or mean arterial pressures (mean difference = 13.3 [9.1-17.5] mm Hg, I(2)  = 69%) and heart rates (mean difference = 15.9 [11.0-20.8] beats/min, I(2)  = 75%) as well as a lower incidence of arrhythmias were observed when tracheal intubation was facilitated by neuromuscular-blocking agents. CONCLUSION: The use of a neuromuscular-blocking agent during light-to-moderate depth of anesthesia can improve the quality as well as the success rate of tracheal intubation and is associated with better hemodynamic stability during induction of anesthesia

Reversal by Org 25969 is not affected by sevoflurane compared with propofol

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