In vitro organogenesis in tomato cultivars is enhanced by gas exchange and application of ultrasound / A organogênese in vitro de cultivares de tomate é aumentada pela promoção das trocas gasosas e ultrassom

The success of in vitro regeneration protocols is dependent of biological, chemical and physical factors. The manipulation of the microenvironment by enhancing gas exchange and ultrasound are physical improvements that potentially contribute to optimize in vitro responses. The present study evaluated the effect of gas exchange, by natural ventilation, on in vitro germination and further regeneration competence of explants exposed to sonication. For this, three tomato genotypes ‘Moneymaker’, ‘NCEBR-2’ and ‘Santa Clara’. Cotyledonary and hypocotiledonary explants were subjected to ultrasound times (0, 3, 6, and 9 seconds) in order to figure out its influence on morphogenesis and regeneration. The results appoint the higher that gas exchange increased morphogenic growth responses in all the genotypes with a significant increase in cotyledon area and hypocotyl length in germination and biomass accumulation. The sonication time influenced the number of shoots higher than 0.5 cm and number of leaflets, showing an interaction between sonication and sealing type, highlighting the effect of exposure time to sonication on morphogenesis. In this study, we show for the first time the stimulation of organogenesis by the interaction of physical factors in in vitro culture: the use of high quality explants, obtained by enhanced gas exchange and the application of ultrasound. We suggest that these factors significant increase the quantity of organogenesis and reducing the time consumed in the in vitro process, using simple, reliable and cheap treatments as gas exchange facilitators caps and ultrasound.

Promoção da atividade biológica do solo por manejo alternativo

A atividade biológica do solo representa um elemento chave para a manutenção da sustentabilidade da produção em ambientes agrícolas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da tecnologia Penergetic® sobre a bioativação do solo. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em cultivos de soja sob os tratamentos: 1- testemunha sem fertilizantes; 2-testemunha + Penergetic; 3- fertilização mineral e 4- fertilização mineral + Penergetic. Avaliou-se o consumo alimentar pela metodologia bait-laminaem duas camadas de solo: 0 a 8 e 8 a 16 cm de profundidade. Foram avaliados os percentuais de orifícios vazios, parcialmente vazios e preenchidos, além da atribuição de notas para o padrão de consumo alimentar para as duas camadas do solo.O uso da tecnologia Penergetic combinada com a adubação mineral fosfatada e potássica promoveu efeito significativo sobre a atividade alimentar da fauna e dos micro-organismos presentes na camada 0 a 8 cm do solo em cultivo de soja.The soil biological activity is a key factor in maintaining the sustainability of production in agricultural environments. The aimed was to evaluate the effects of Penergetic® technology on soil bioactivation. The tests were conducted on soybean crop under treatments: 1- control without fertilizer; 2- control + Penergetic; 3- mineral fertilization and 4- mineral fertilization + Penergetic. We evaluated the food consumption by bait-lamina methodology in two soil layers: 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 cm in depth. Were evaluated the percentagesof empty, partially empty andfull holes, in addition to assigningnotes tothe pattern offood consumptionfor the twosoil layers. The combined use of Penergetic technology with phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizer promoted a significant effect on the fauna and micro-organismsfeeding activity in the soil layer 0-8 cm in soybean crop.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Promoção da atividade biológica do solo por manejo alternativo

A atividade biológica do solo representa um elemento chave para a manutenção da sustentabilidade da produção em ambientes agrícolas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da tecnologia Penergetic® sobre a bioativação do solo. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em cultivos de soja sob os tratamentos: 1- testemunha sem fertilizantes; 2-testemunha + Penergetic; 3- fertilização mineral e 4- fertilização mineral + Penergetic. Avaliou-se o consumo alimentar pela metodologia bait-laminaem duas camadas de solo: 0 a 8 e 8 a 16 cm de profundidade. Foram avaliados os percentuais de orifícios vazios, parcialmente vazios e preenchidos, além da atribuição de notas para o padrão de consumo alimentar para as duas camadas do solo.O uso da tecnologia Penergetic combinada com a adubação mineral fosfatada e potássica promoveu efeito significativo sobre a atividade alimentar da fauna e dos micro-organismos presentes na camada 0 a 8 cm do solo em cultivo de soja.The soil biological activity is a key factor in maintaining the sustainability of production in agricultural environments. The aimed was to evaluate the effects of Penergetic® technology on soil bioactivation. The tests were conducted on soybean crop under treatments: 1- control without fertilizer; 2- control + Penergetic; 3- mineral fertilization and 4- mineral fertilization + Penergetic. We evaluated the food consumption by bait-lamina methodology in two soil layers: 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 cm in depth. Were evaluated the percentagesof empty, partially empty andfull holes, in addition to assigningnotes tothe pattern offood consumptionfor the twosoil layers. The combined use of Penergetic technology with phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizer promoted a significant effect on the fauna and micro-organismsfeeding activity in the soil layer 0-8 cm in soybean crop.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Promoção da atividade biológica do solo por manejo alternativo

A atividade biológica do solo representa um elemento chave para a manutenção da sustentabilidade da produção em ambientes agrícolas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da tecnologia Penergetic® sobre a bioativação do solo. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em cultivos de soja sob os tratamentos: 1- testemunha sem fertilizantes; 2-testemunha + Penergetic; 3- fertilização mineral e 4- fertilização mineral + Penergetic. Avaliou-se o consumo alimentar pela metodologia bait-laminaem duas camadas de solo: 0 a 8 e 8 a 16 cm de profundidade. Foram avaliados os percentuais de orifícios vazios, parcialmente vazios e preenchidos, além da atribuição de notas para o padrão de consumo alimentar para as duas camadas do solo.O uso da tecnologia Penergetic combinada com a adubação mineral fosfatada e potássica promoveu efeito significativo sobre a atividade alimentar da fauna e dos micro-organismos presentes na camada 0 a 8 cm do solo em cultivo de soja.The soil biological activity is a key factor in maintaining the sustainability of production in agricultural environments. The aimed was to evaluate the effects of Penergetic® technology on soil bioactivation. The tests were conducted on soybean crop under treatments: 1- control without fertilizer; 2- control + Penergetic; 3- mineral fertilization and 4- mineral fertilization + Penergetic. We evaluated the food consumption by bait-lamina methodology in two soil layers: 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 cm in depth. Were evaluated the percentagesof empty, partially empty andfull holes, in addition to assigningnotes tothe pattern offood consumptionfor the twosoil layers. The combined use of Penergetic technology with phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizer promoted a significant effect on the fauna and micro-organismsfeeding activity in the soil layer 0-8 cm in soybean crop.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Weight is a key factor in the physiological quality of Parapiptadenia rigida seeds

This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan seed weight classes subjected to accelerated aging under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. A lot of P. rigida seeds was split in three seed weight classes (thousand seed weight): TSW1 (original lot; control, 19.23 g), TSW2 (25.45 g) and TSW3 (13.58 g), which were subjected to three accelerated aging times (0, 24 and 48 h). First count, weak and strong normal seedlings, percentage of accumulated germination, percentage of death seed, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry weight and shoot length were assessed in laboratory. Seedling emergence, emergence velocity and emergence velocity index were assessed in greenhouse. P. rigida seeds showing higher weight displayed higher percentage of germination and average vigor characteristics. Seeds with higher weight indicated high tolerance to accelerated aging conditions and produced more vigorous plants. Therefore, we suggest that seed lots of P. rigida should be composed considering TSW classes

Capacidade de parasitismo de <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> Riley (Hym. Trichogrammatidae) liberado em lavoura de milho

Trichogramma pretiosum é um dos parasitoides de ovos mais investigados no controle biológico aplicado em diversos agroecossistemas. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar em lavoura de milho a atuação de linhagem nativa de T. pretiosum, em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa sp. Em plantio de milho dividido em parcelas de 400m2, foram avaliados os tratamentos: 1) Liberação de parasitoide fracionada em três vezes,em intervalos de três dias; 2) liberação de parasitoide em apenas uma vez; 3) Sem liberação de parasitoides. Cada tratamento esteve representado por três parcelas. Registrou-se parasitismo total de 69,5% em ovos de Helicoverpa sp. As áreas que receberam liberação apresentaram maior percentual de ovos de Helicoverpa sp. parasitados. Porém, não houve diferença quanto índices de danos em folhas e espigas de milho entre os tratamentos. A linhagem avaliada possui capacidade de parasitar ovos de Helicoverpa sp. em liberação no campo.Trichogramma pretiosum is in the most investigated eggs parasitoids for biological control applied in agro-ecosystems. The study aimed to evaluate corn crop naive line of action of T. pretiosum in eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa sp. In corn crop divided into plots of 400m2, the treatments were: 1) parasitoid release fractionated three times at intervals of three days; 2) releasing parasitoid on only once; 3) No release of parasitoids. Each treatment was represented by three installments. Recorded parasitism of 69.5% in eggs of Helicoverpa sp. The areas that received release showed higher percentage of Helicoverpa sp. eggs parasitized. However, there was no difference in rates of damage to leaves and corn cobs between treatments. The measured line has the capacity to parasitize eggs of Helicoverpa sp. release in the field.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Seeds of Peltophorum dubium submitted to osmotic conditioning increases germination and vigor

Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. is a Brazilian native forest species that is used in programs of environmental restoration, landscaping and civil construction. It is a seed-propagated plant, but the low physiological quality of the seeds associated with biotic and abiotic stresses can reduce the percentages of germination and emergence. Techniques that allow the expression of the physiological potential of the seeds can improve germination and vigor in short-term. One of these techniques is seeds osmoconditioning, especially under stressful conditions. This work aimed to study if the osmopriming increases germination and vigor of P. dubium seeds. The study consisted of three stages: I – choice of the ideal osmotic potential for imbibition; II – germination and vigor of the osmoprimed seeds under different water contents; III – osmopriming of four seed lots with different vigor. PEG 6000 solution with -0.6 MPa is recommended for osmoconditioning of P. dubium seeds aiming to improve germination and vigor. Seeds with water content close to 10% for osmoconditioning influences the vigor positively. Osmoconditioning can improve physiological aspects of P dubium seeds with good physiological quality. It can reduce germination-emergence time span, favoring stands with greater uniformity and lower probability of  biotic and abiotic factors influenc

Capacidade de parasitismo de <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> Riley (Hym. Trichogrammatidae) liberado em lavoura de milho

Trichogramma pretiosum é um dos parasitoides de ovos mais investigados no controle biológico aplicado em diversos agroecossistemas. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar em lavoura de milho a atuação de linhagem nativa de T. pretiosum, em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa sp. Em plantio de milho dividido em parcelas de 400m2, foram avaliados os tratamentos: 1) Liberação de parasitoide fracionada em três vezes,em intervalos de três dias; 2) liberação de parasitoide em apenas uma vez; 3) Sem liberação de parasitoides. Cada tratamento esteve representado por três parcelas. Registrou-se parasitismo total de 69,5% em ovos de Helicoverpa sp. As áreas que receberam liberação apresentaram maior percentual de ovos de Helicoverpa sp. parasitados. Porém, não houve diferença quanto índices de danos em folhas e espigas de milho entre os tratamentos. A linhagem avaliada possui capacidade de parasitar ovos de Helicoverpa sp. em liberação no campo.Trichogramma pretiosum is in the most investigated eggs parasitoids for biological control applied in agro-ecosystems. The study aimed to evaluate corn crop naive line of action of T. pretiosum in eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa sp. In corn crop divided into plots of 400m2, the treatments were: 1) parasitoid release fractionated three times at intervals of three days; 2) releasing parasitoid on only once; 3) No release of parasitoids. Each treatment was represented by three installments. Recorded parasitism of 69.5% in eggs of Helicoverpa sp. The areas that received release showed higher percentage of Helicoverpa sp. eggs parasitized. However, there was no difference in rates of damage to leaves and corn cobs between treatments. The measured line has the capacity to parasitize eggs of Helicoverpa sp. release in the field.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Capacidade de parasitismo de <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> Riley (Hym. Trichogrammatidae) liberado em lavoura de milho

Trichogramma pretiosum é um dos parasitoides de ovos mais investigados no controle biológico aplicado em diversos agroecossistemas. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar em lavoura de milho a atuação de linhagem nativa de T. pretiosum, em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa sp. Em plantio de milho dividido em parcelas de 400m2, foram avaliados os tratamentos: 1) Liberação de parasitoide fracionada em três vezes,em intervalos de três dias; 2) liberação de parasitoide em apenas uma vez; 3) Sem liberação de parasitoides. Cada tratamento esteve representado por três parcelas. Registrou-se parasitismo total de 69,5% em ovos de Helicoverpa sp. As áreas que receberam liberação apresentaram maior percentual de ovos de Helicoverpa sp. parasitados. Porém, não houve diferença quanto índices de danos em folhas e espigas de milho entre os tratamentos. A linhagem avaliada possui capacidade de parasitar ovos de Helicoverpa sp. em liberação no campo.Trichogramma pretiosum is in the most investigated eggs parasitoids for biological control applied in agro-ecosystems. The study aimed to evaluate corn crop naive line of action of T. pretiosum in eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa sp. In corn crop divided into plots of 400m2, the treatments were: 1) parasitoid release fractionated three times at intervals of three days; 2) releasing parasitoid on only once; 3) No release of parasitoids. Each treatment was represented by three installments. Recorded parasitism of 69.5% in eggs of Helicoverpa sp. The areas that received release showed higher percentage of Helicoverpa sp. eggs parasitized. However, there was no difference in rates of damage to leaves and corn cobs between treatments. The measured line has the capacity to parasitize eggs of Helicoverpa sp. release in the field.Eje: A1: Sistemas de producción de base agroecológicaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale