224 research outputs found
The incidence of breast feeding on discharge from hospital of European, Coloured, Bantu and Indian infants
This paper is a report on the incidence of breast feeding on discharge from hospital of European, Coloured, Bantu and Indian infants. It also reports on the time when milk first came into the breasts of Bantu and Indian mothers
Activated polyhydroxyalkanoate meshes prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm development in regenerative medicine applications
Regenerative medicine has become an extremely valuable tool offering an alternative to conventional therapies for the repair and regeneration of tissues. The re-establishment of tissue and organ functions can be carried out by tissue engineering strategies or by using medical devices such as implants. However, with any material being implanted inside the human body, one of the conundrums that remains is the ease with which these materials can get contaminated by bacteria. Bacterial adhesion leads to the formation of mature, alive and complex three-dimensional biofilm structures, further infection of surrounding tissues and consequent development of complicated chronic infections. Hence, novel tissue engineering strategies delivering biofilm-targeted therapies, while at the same time allowing tissue formation are highly relevant. In this study our aim was to develop surface modified polyhydroxyalkanoate-based fiber meshes with enhanced bacterial anti-adhesive and juvenile biofilm disrupting properties for tissue regeneration purposes. Using reactive and amphiphilic star-shaped macromolecules as an additive to a polyhydroxyalkanoate spinning solution, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide, Amhelin, with strong bactericidal and anti-biofilm properties, and Dispersin B, an enzyme promoting the disruption of exopolysaccharides found in the biofilm matrix, were covalently conjugated to the fibers by addition to the solution before the spinning process. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most problematic pathogens responsible for tissue-related infections. The initial antibacterial screening showed that Amhelin proved to be strongly bactericidal at 12 ΞΌg/ml and caused >50% reductions of biofilm formation at 6 ΞΌg/ml, while Dispersin B was found to disperse >70% of pre-formed biofilms at 3 ΞΌg/ml. Regarding the cytotoxicity of the agents toward L929 murine fibroblasts, a CC50 of 140 and 115 ΞΌg/ml was measured for Amhelin and Dispersin B, respectively. Optimization of the electrospinning process resulted in aligned fibers. Surface activated fibers with Amhelin and Dispersin B resulted in 83% reduction of adhered bacteria on the surface of the fibers. Additionally, the materials developed were found to be cytocompatible toward L929 murine fibroblasts. The strategy reported in this preliminary study suggests an alternative approach to prevent bacterial adhesion and, in turn biofilm formation, in materials used in regenerative medicine applications such as tissue engineering
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ
Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ CCL2, CXCL12, MSP (macrophage stimulating protein) ΠΈ MIF (macrophage inhibitory factor). Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ 24 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. Π ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² CCL2, CXCL12, MSP ΠΈ MIF Π² Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π²Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ CXCL12 ΠΈ MIF Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
In situ Forming Hyperbranched PEGβThiolated Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels With Honey-Mimetic Antibacterial Properties
The rapidly increasing resistance of bacteria to currently approved antibiotic drugs makes surgical interventions and the treatment of bacterial infections increasingly difficult. In recent years, complementary strategies to classical antibiotic therapy have, therefore, gained importance. One of these strategies is the use of medicinal honey in the treatment of bacterially colonized wounds. One of the several bactericidal effects of honey is based on the in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide through the activity of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The strategy underlying this work is to mimic this antibacterial redox effect of honey in an injectable, biocompatible, and rapidly forming hydrogel. The hydrogel was obtained by thiolβene click reaction between hyperbranched polyethylene glycol diacrylate (HB PEGDA), synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH). After mixing 500Β Β΅L HB PEGDA (10%, w/w) and 500Β Β΅L HA-SH (1%, w/w) solutions, hydrogels formed in βΌ60Β s (HB PEGDA/HA-SH 10.0β1.0), as assessed by the tube inverting test. The HB PEGDA/HA-SH 10.0β1.0 hydrogel (200Β Β΅L) was resistant to in vitro dissolution in water for at least 64Β days, absorbing up to 130Β wt% of water. Varying glucose oxidase (GO) amounts (0β500Β U/L) and constant glucose content (2.5Β wt%) were loaded into HB PEGDA and HA-SH solutions, respectively, before hydrogel formation. Then, the release of H2O2 was evaluated through a colorimetric pertitanic acid assay. The GO content of 250Β U/L was selected, allowing the formation of 10.8 Β± 1.4Β mmol H2O2/L hydrogel in 24Β h, under static conditions. The cytocompatibility of HB PEGDA/HA-SH 10.0β1.0 hydrogels loaded with different GO activities (β€ 500Β U/L) at a constant glucose amount (2.5Β wt%) was investigated by in vitro assays at 24Β h with L929 and HaCaT cell lines, according to DIN EN ISO 10993-5. The tests showed cytocompatibility for GO enzyme activity up to 250Β U/L for both cell lines. The antibacterial activity of HB PEGDA/HA-SH 10.0β1.0 hydrogels loaded with increasing amounts of GO was demonstrated against various gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. epidermidis), antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria (MRSA and MRSE), gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and A. baumanii), and antibiotic-resistant gram-negative strains (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) using agar diffusion tests. For all gram-positive bacterial strains, increasing efficacy was measured with increasing GO activity. For the two P. aeruginosa strains, efficacy was shown only from an enzyme activity of 125Β U/L and for E. coli and A. baumanii, efficacy was shown only from 250Β U/L enzyme activity. HB PEGDA/HA-SH 10.0β1.0 hydrogels loaded with β€250Β U/L GO and 2.5Β wt% glucose are promising formulations due to their fast-forming properties, cytocompatibility, and ability to produce antibacterial H2O2, warranting future investigations for bacterial infection treatment, such as wound care
An evaluation of the integration of non-traditional learning tools into a community based breast and cervical cancer education program: The witness project of Buffalo
BACKGROUND: Breast and cervical cancer continue to represent major health challenges for African American women. among Caucasian women. The underlying reasons for this disparity are multifactorial and include lack of education and awareness of screening and early detection. Traditional educational methods have enjoyed varied success in the African American community and spawned development of novel educational approaches. Community based education programs employing a variety of educational models have been introduced. Successful programs must train and provide lay community members with the tools necessary to deliver strong educational programs. METHODS: The Witness Project is a theory-based, breast and cervical cancer educational program, delivered by African American women, that stresses the importance of early detection and screening to improve survival and teaches women how to perform breast self examination. Implementing this program in the Buffalo Witness Project of Buffalo required several modifications in the curriculum, integration of non-traditional learning tools and focused training in clinical study participation. The educational approaches utilized included repetition, modeling, building comprehension, reinforcement, hands on learning, a social story on breast health for African American women, and role play conversations about breast and cervical health and support. RESULTS: Incorporating non-traditional educational approaches into the Witness Project training resulted in a 79% improvement in the number of women who mastered the didactic information. A seventy-two percent study participation rate was achieved by educating the community organizations that hosted Witness Project programs about the informed consent process and study participation. CONCLUSION: Incorporating non-traditional educational approaches into community outreach programs increases training success as well as community participation
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