Bicultural Iranians’ political tendency: in between two cultures

The present study aimed to examine differences in a range of psychosocial variables and  political tendencies across three groups, namely Iranian new-comers (who have lived in the UK for less than two years), bicultural Iranians (born and raised in the UK or raised in the UK since they were under 10 years old), and UK citizens (bicultural participants were excluded). The target variables measured in the present study consisted of empathy, Theory of Mind (ToM), flexibility, suggestibility, openness to experiences, normative identity style, interpersonal trust, prosocial behaviour, egalitarian sex role, authoritarianism and adherence to democracy. A series of MANOVAs revealed significant main group effects for most of variables. The results of post hoc and polynomial tests yield an incremental linear trend on empathy, theory of mind, interpersonal trust, openness, prosocial behaviour and adherence to democratic values for groups ordered as Iranian new comers, bicultural and British; a decreasing trend was also observed on normative identity style, suggestibility, and authoritarianism. The between-two cultures’ findings of bicultural group might be explained by learning through political socialization. This provides support for the fact that being raised in a different cultural setting can have a vivid impact on people’s psychological characteristics and socio-political tendency

Química mineral y geotermobarometría de rocas gabroicas del área de Gysel, montañas de Alborz, Irán del norte

The gabbroic rocks in the Gysel area of the Central Alborz Mountains in north Iran are intruded into the Eocene Volcano-sedimentary units. The main gabbroic rocks varieties include gabbro porphyry, olivine gabbro, olivine dolerite and olivine monzo-gabbro. The main minerals phases in the rocks are plagioclase and pyroxene and the chief textures are sub-hedral granular, trachytoidic, porphyritic, intergranular and poikilitic. Electron microprobe analyses on minerals in the rock samples shows that plagioclase composition ranges from labradorite to bytonite, with oscillatory and normal chemical zonings. Clinopyroxene is augite and orthopyroxene is hypersthene to ferro-hypersthene. Thermometry calculations indicate temperatures of 650˚C to 750˚C for plagioclase crystallization and 950˚C to 1130˚C for pyroxene crystallization. Clinopyroxene chemistry reveals sub-alkaline and calc-alkaline nature for the parental magma emplaced in a volcanic arc setting.Las rocas gabroicas en el área de Gysel de las montañas Alborz Central en el norte de Irán se introducen en las unidades sedimentarias del volcán Eoceno. Las principales variedades de rocas gabroicas incluyen pórfido de gabro, gabro olivino, dolerita olivina y monzo-gabro olivino. Las principales fases minerales en las rocas son la plagioclasa y el piroxeno y las texturas principales son sub-hedral granular, trachytoidic, porfirita, intergranular y poikilitic. Los análisis de micro sonda electrónica sobre minerales en las muestras de roca muestran que la composición de plagioclasa varía de labradorita a bytonita, con zonificaciones químicas oscilatorias y normales. El clinopiroxeno es augita y el ortopiroxeno es hiperesteno a ferro-hiperesteno. Los cálculos de termometría indican temperaturas de 650 ° C a 750 ° C para la cristalización de plagioclasa y de 950 ° C a 1130 ° C para la cristalización de piroxeno. La química del clinopiroxeno revela la naturaleza subalcalina y calcálica alcalina para el magma parental emplazado en un entorno de arco volcánic

Química mineral y geotermobarometría de rocas gabroicas del área de Gysel, montañas de Alborz, Irán del norte

The gabbroic rocks in the Gysel area of the Central Alborz Mountains in north Iran are intruded into the Eocene Volcano-sedimentary units. The main gabbroic rocks varieties include gabbro porphyry, olivine gabbro, olivine dolerite and olivine monzo-gabbro. The main minerals phases in the rocks are plagioclase and pyroxene and the chief textures are sub-hedral granular, trachytoidic, porphyritic, intergranular and poikilitic. Electron microprobe analyses on minerals in the rock samples shows that plagioclase composition ranges from labradorite to bytonite, with oscillatory and normal chemical zonings. Clinopyroxene is augite and orthopyroxene is hypersthene to ferro-hypersthene. Thermometry calculations indicate temperatures of 650˚C to 750˚C for plagioclase crystallization and 950˚C to 1130˚C for pyroxene crystallization. Clinopyroxene chemistry reveals sub-alkaline and calc-alkaline nature for the parental magma emplaced in a volcanic arc setting.Las rocas gabroicas en el área de Gysel de las montañas Alborz Central en el norte de Irán se introducen en las unidades sedimentarias del volcán Eoceno. Las principales variedades de rocas gabroicas incluyen pórfido de gabro, gabro olivino, dolerita olivina y monzo-gabro olivino. Las principales fases minerales en las rocas son la plagioclasa y el piroxeno y las texturas principales son sub-hedral granular, trachytoidic, porfirita, intergranular y poikilitic. Los análisis de micro sonda electrónica sobre minerales en las muestras de roca muestran que la composición de plagioclasa varía de labradorita a bytonita, con zonificaciones químicas oscilatorias y normales. El clinopiroxeno es augita y el ortopiroxeno es hiperesteno a ferro-hiperesteno. Los cálculos de termometría indican temperaturas de 650 ° C a 750 ° C para la cristalización de plagioclasa y de 950 ° C a 1130 ° C para la cristalización de piroxeno. La química del clinopiroxeno revela la naturaleza subalcalina y calcálica alcalina para el magma parental emplazado en un entorno de arco volcánic

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Paleogene volcanic rocks of Rudbar in the south of Guilan, northern Iran: Implications for adakitic volcanism

IntroductionVolcanic rocks with adakitic nature, are outcropped, in the south of Rudbar city as a part of the Alborz magmatic zone and the northern part of the Alborz zone. Most of the rock units in this area are volcanic and pyroclastic belonging to the Tertiary age and specifically Middle Eocene.For this study, we present new data to understand the origin and tectonic setting of the adakitic early Cenozoic magmatism in the southern part of the western Alborz orogenic belt.Regional GeologyBased on the 1:100,000 Guilan geological map (Nazari and Salamati, 1998), the predominant geological units of the region include the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic stratigraphic units. The volcanic activity resulting from the subduction of an oceanic crust beneath the active continental margin of Alborz began in Paleocene and its peak is attributed to the Lutsin period (Nazari and Salamati, 1998).Materials and methods Following microscopic studies, 11 samples were analyzed at Actlabs Lab in Canada by ICP-MS method. IGPET and GCDKIT software were applied to draw diagrams and interpret the data.Petrography and Whole rocks chemistry The studied lavas consist mainly of dacite to trachy-dacite, rhyodacite, and rarely rhyolite. Abundant plagioclase as phenocrysts and microlites and rare amphibole, biotite, and quartz with hyaloporphyritic, microlithic porphyry to felsitic porphyry and microfelsitic textures are the dominant petrographic features of these rocks. Geochemically, they are characterized by mean value of 61.87 wt%< SiO2<66.54, 1.1 wt%<MgO<2.8 wt%,10 ppm<Y<14 ppm, 1.4 ppm<Yb<1.7 ppm, 450 ppm<Sr<1887 ppm as well as the average amounts of Sr/Y: 103.8, 10.5<(La/Yb)N<14.09 and 5.1<Yb/Lu<6.5. Thus, the overall geochemical data point to HAS characteristics of the rocks under study. On normalized spider diagram to chondrite, MORB, and primitive mantle, all rocks demonstrate subparallel trend, linear and homogeneous REE profiles with LILE and LREE enrichment together Ta, Nb, and Ti negative anomalies. As the tectonic diagrams display, all the studied samples are plotted in an arc volcanic granite field formed in a subduction environment in an active continental margin. Moreover, all the obtained geochemical data point to a high silica adakitic magma as the parent magma.DiscussionThe studied area lies in Alborz Mountain, which owing to the collision of two Eurasian and Arabian plates, where a Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere (Southern Caspian Sea Ocean or SCO)” is subducted beneath the Central Iranian continental lithosphere (Salavati et al, 2013), is an active deformation zone.The studied rocks formed in arc and subduction zones setting. Adakitic rocks in the arc setting can be produced by partial melting of a hot and young subducted oceanic slab and subduction of a very young oceanic crust (<5Ma) at depths of about 25 to 90 km is required to produce adakitic magma in the arc setting (Thorkelsona and Breitsprecher, 2005).In the north of the investigated area and south part of the Caspian Sea, an Alpian oceanic belonging late Cretaceous age was reported and named “Southern Caspian Sea Ocean (Salavati et al., 2013), which was subducted toward the south. Adakitic activity and not-adakitic magmatism continued to migrate toward the trench supporting a slab window model.The proposed tectonomagmatic model "Ridge-Trench", indicates that the studied lavas were generated in the Neothetyan supra-subduction zone.Based on this model, in the south of Guilan Province, SCO oceanic crust (and likely its ridge) has subducted towards the south the first because of a pressure change that might be caused by the extension and thinning of the overlying crust. A slab window was formed therefore in the source region, and partial melting occurred by asthenospheric upwelling. It looks like the adakitic rocks imply a deep source with a low magma source melting degree.ConclusionThe overall petrological and geochemical features of the studied lavas gave rise to the following conclusions:A new group of extrusive rocks, with remarkable geochemical characteristics of adakitic rocks, is outcropped in the south of Guilan ProvinceThese rocks are characterized by HFSE and HREE depletion relative to LILE and LREE and negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies, suggesting the parent magmas were affected by subduction-related geochemical processes.On tectonic diagrams, the studied adakitic rocks plotted on an Active Continental Margin setting and they show HAS characteristics produced by 5% to 10% partial melting of an amphibolite garnet source from a hot and young Cenozoic slab subduction.All the geological and geochemical data indicate that the early Cenozoic adakitic magmas in the south of Guilan Province were generated in an extensional tectonic setting (Slab window setting) when the active spreading center of the Neo-Tethys oceanic (Southern Caspian Sea Ocean) subducted toward the south and produced a slab window. According to the proposed model, the active spreading center of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust (Southern Caspian Sea Ocean) subducted toward the south and produced a slab window in the subducted oceanic lithosphere.AcknowledgmentsWe appreciate the Office of Graduate Studies of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch

A Preliminary Examination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Versus Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) for Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on an Optimal Dose of SSRIs: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Iran

This study compared the effects of adding acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or exposure and response prevention (ERP) to adults diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) already on an optimal and stable dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Forty adults on SSRIs who were diagnosed with OCD participated in a randomized controlled trial in Iran of 12 individual weekly sessions of either ACT+SSRI, ERP+SSRI, or continued SSRI only. The results showed significant reductions in OCD symptom severity in ACT+SSRI and ERP+SSRI conditions at posttreatment with significantly greater reductions in both conditions compared to SSRI-only at follow-up. Additionally, psychological inflexibility and use of thought control strategies significantly decreased in the ACT+SSRI condition at posttreatment and follow-up compared to the ERP+SSRI and SSRI conditions. Both conditions led to decreases in perceived importance of stop signals. Results provide cross-cultural support for the treatment of OCD using ACT and ERP as adjuncts to SSRI and modest process of change differences between ACT and ERP. Future directions and study limitations are discussed

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Degamankesh Gabbroic Bodies (SW of Astara city)

In the northern ranges of Guilan in Degarmankesh, alkali gabbroic bodies have been outcropped. Based on petrographic studies, the essential minerals are plagioclase, pyroxene and± Olivine. Chlorite, termolite-actinolite, serpentine, sosorite are secondary and opaque is accessory mineral of the rocks studied. Based on geochemistry data, the rocks studied are plotted on gabbro domain. Normalized trace element patterns relative to MORB and primitive mantle show LREE enriched and HREE depleted. K, Th, Rb positive anomaly as well as negative anomaly of Ta, Nb and Ti point to continental crust contaminated by the rocks under discussion. In terms of tectonic setting, the studied rocks lie in continental intraplate and continental arc environment. The parent magma generated by 5% to 14% partial melting of garnet lehrzolite mantle source possibly at the depth of approximately 80 km. The overall petrographic and geochemical criteria indicate that the studied gabrros originated from magmatism related to Paleogene pull apart basin, in the course of partial melting of asthenosphere arisen under continental lithosphere and contaminated with derived subducted fluids in supraduction zone

Petrology and geochemistray of Imam-Zadeh Hashem mafic and ultramafic bodies, southern Guilan province

Mafic and ultramafic plutonic igneous bodies, with small and big outcrops, between Shemshak rock units (Jurassic) are observed in east of Imam Zadeh Hashem, in southern Guilan province. Ultramafic cumulates consist of clinopyroxenite, and plagiofer clinopyroxenite, olivine clinopyroxenite, and mafic rocks, based on mineralogy consist of gabbros, olivine gabbros, biotite gabbros and amphibole gabbros. According to geochemical data, studied rocks have tholeiitic nature and in the tectonic setting diagrams, display arc characteristic. The chondrite normalized REE patterns show low enrichment in LREEs relative to HREEs. The negative Nb and Ti anomalies in primitive mantle and MORB-normalized multi-element diagrams of the rocks are characteristic of island arc magmas. Also, enrichment in LILE and depletion of HFSE may indicate a subduction-related tectonic setting. According to geological and geochemical evidence, Imam-Zadeh Hashem ultramafic and sub-alkaline gabbro rocks can be as a part of the Southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite sequence (SCO) that formed in a suprasubduction tectonic system

Química mineral y geotermobarometría de rocas gabroicas del área de Gysel, montañas de Alborz, Irán del norte

The gabbroic rocks in the Gysel area of the Central Alborz Mountains in north Iran are intruded into the Eocene Volcano-sedimentary units. The main gabbroic rocks varieties include gabbro porphyry, olivine gabbro, olivine dolerite and olivine monzo-gabbro. The main minerals phases in the rocks are plagioclase and pyroxene and the chief textures are sub-hedral granular, trachytoidic, porphyritic, intergranular and poikilitic. Electron microprobe analyses on minerals in the rock samples shows that plagioclase composition ranges from labradorite to bytonite, with oscillatory and normal chemical zonings. Clinopyroxene is augite and orthopyroxene is hypersthene to ferro-hypersthene. Thermometry calculations indicate temperatures of 650˚C to 750˚C for plagioclase crystallization and 950˚C to 1130˚C for pyroxene crystallization. Clinopyroxene chemistry reveals sub-alkaline and calc-alkaline nature for the parental magma emplaced in a volcanic arc setting.Las rocas gabroicas en el área de Gysel de las montañas Alborz Central en el norte de Irán se introducen en las unidades sedimentarias del volcán Eoceno. Las principales variedades de rocas gabroicas incluyen pórfido de gabro, gabro olivino, dolerita olivina y monzo-gabro olivino. Las principales fases minerales en las rocas son la plagioclasa y el piroxeno y las texturas principales son sub-hedral granular, trachytoidic, porfirita, intergranular y poikilitic. Los análisis de micro sonda electrónica sobre minerales en las muestras de roca muestran que la composición de plagioclasa varía de labradorita a bytonita, con zonificaciones químicas oscilatorias y normales. El clinopiroxeno es augita y el ortopiroxeno es hiperesteno a ferro-hiperesteno. Los cálculos de termometría indican temperaturas de 650 ° C a 750 ° C para la cristalización de plagioclasa y de 950 ° C a 1130 ° C para la cristalización de piroxeno. La química del clinopiroxeno revela la naturaleza subalcalina y calcálica alcalina para el magma parental emplazado en un entorno de arco volcánico

The Reliability of Postural Balance Measures in Single and Dual Tasking in Healthy Elders

Objectives: The present study aimsed to examine the reliability of forceplate parameters under both single and dual task conditions and in different levels of postural difficulty. Methods & Materials: The healthy elderly+65, were assessed with aone-week interval, with a random combination of three levels of postural difficulty (i.e., standing on a rigid surface with eyes open, standing on a rigid surface with eyes closed and standing on a foam with eyesclosed) and two cognitive conditions (standing with/without performing the cognitive task of backward counting). The signals of center of pressure (COP) were recorded and the faceplate parameters were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation for all variables and conditions were alsocalculated. Results: During the single task, the area of COP sway, standard deviation (SD) of amplitude in both directions, and SD of velocity in mediolateral direction showed high to very high reliability in all levels of postural difficulty. During the dual task, the total mean velocity and SD of velocity in both directions showed high to very high reliability in alllevels of postural difficulty. Conclusion: Generally, the protocol used to assess balance in the present study, in both dual and single task conditions, showed a suitablerelative and absolute reliability levels in the elderly