Clinical aspects of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

International audienceMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare syndrome characterized by the co-occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism, duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and/or pituitary adenomas. MEN1 can predispose patients to other endocrine and non-endocrine tumours, such as cutaneous tumours, central nervous system tumours and breast cancer. Endocrine tumours in patients with MEN1 differ from sporadic tumours in that they have a younger age at onset, present as multiple tumours in the same organ and have a different clinical course. Therefore, patients with overt MEN1 and those who carry a MEN1 mutation should be offered tailored biochemical and imaging screening to detect tumours and evaluate their progression over time. Fortunately, over the past 10 years, knowledge about the clinical phenotype of these tumours has markedly progressed, thanks to the implementation of national registries, particularly in France and the Netherlands. This Review provides an update on the clinical management of MEN1-related tumours. Epidemiology, the clinical picture, diagnostic work-up and the main lines of treatment for MEN1-related tumours are summarized. Controversial therapeutic aspects and issues that still need to be addressed are also discussed. Moreover, special attention is given to MEN1 manifestations in children and adolescents. This Review provides an update on the clinical management of MEN1-related tumours. Epidemiology, the clinical picture, diagnostic work-up and main lines of treatment for MEN1-related tumours are summarized. Controversial therapeutic aspects and issues that still need to be addressed are also discussed

Outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon: a case-control study.

Outdoor air pollution is increasingly considered as a serious threat for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between outdoor pollutants and cardiovascular diseases among adults in Lebanon and to examine the possible moderator effect of cigarette smoking status on this association. A multicenter case-control study was conducted between October 2011 and October 2012. Cases were hospitalized patients diagnosed with CVD by a cardiologist while the control group subjects were free of any cardiac diseases. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco consumption, self-rated global health, pollution exposure, and other risk factors was collected using a questionnaire. The results of the logistic regression revealed that living near busy highway (OR 5.04, 95% CI (4.44-12.85), P < 0.001) and close to local diesel generator (OR 4.76, 95% CI (2.07-10.91), P < 0.001) was significantly associated with CVD. The association between the CVD and exposure to outside pollutants differed by cigarette smoking status. A clear difference was noted between nonsmokers and current smokers OR 4.6, 95% CI (1.10-19.25) and OR 10.11, 95% CI (7.33-20.23), respectively. Forthcoming studies are needed to clarify the potential link between outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon. Public health interventions must be implemented to reduce air pollution and to improve air quality.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Outdoor particulate matter (PM) and associated cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East.

Air pollution is a widespread environmental concern. Considerable epidemiological evidence indicates air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the developed countries. The main objective of our review is to assess the levels and sources of PM across the Middle East area and to search evidence for the relationship between PM exposure and CVD. An extensive review of the published literature pertaining to the subject (2000-2013) was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar databases. We reveal that low utilization of public transport, ageing vehicle fleet and the increasing number of personal cars in the developing countries all contribute to the traffic congestion and aggravate the pollution problem. The annual average values of PM pollutants in the Middle East region are much higher than the World Health Organization 2006 guidelines (PM2.5 = 10 μg/m3, PM10 = 20 μg/m3). We uncover evidence on the association between PM and CVD in 4 Middle East countries: Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The findings are in light of the international figures. Ambient PM pollution is considered a potential risk factor for platelet activation and atherosclerosis and has been found to be linked with an increased risk for mortality and hospital admissions due to CVD. This review highlights the importance of developing a strategy to improve air quality and reduce outdoor air pollution in the developing countries, particularly in the Middle East. Future studies should weigh the potential impact of PM on the overall burden of cardiac diseases.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Heterolytic Splitting of H 2 and CH 4 on γ-Alumina as a Structural Probe for Defect Sites

International audienc

CH3-ReO3 on gamma-Al2O3: understanding its structure, initiation, and reactivity in olefin metathesis

Me-ReO3 on gamma-alumina: understanding the structure, the initiation and thereactivity of a highly active olefin metathesis catalyst Heterolytic splitting of the C-H bond of the methyl group of CH3ReO3 on AlsO reactive sites of alumina as a way to generate the active site of CH3ReO3 supported on gamma-Al203

Maximizing utilization of reactivated and left-over catalysts in heavy gas oil hydrotreater: A case study of ADNOC Refining

Recently, ADNOC Refining Research Center (ARRC) has studied the possibility to maximize the reutilization of left-overs and reactivated hydrodesulfurization catalysts for one of its hydrotreater producing Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) from Heavy Gas Oil (HGO). Based on the refinery inventory, several catalyst configurations composed of different amounts of reactivated and fresh CoMo catalyst, including a full reactivated configuration having a stacked CoMo/NiMo/CoMo combination (50/25/25), have been tested in a pilot-plant reactor under commercially-relevant conditions. Experimental results in terms of reactor bed temperature, H2 consumption, aromatics and diesel yields have been analyzed and compared to the current commercial hydrotreater load and catalyst supplier forecasts for the studied configurations. Results show excellent performances of reactivated catalysts and a strong effect of the NiMo layer in the case of the stacked configuration. In a pure CoMo configuration, up to 75% reactor volume of reactivated catalyst could be utilized without impacting the product quality and cycle length, compared to a full fresh CoMo catalyst load. The full reactivated stacked configuration performed even better than the full fresh CoMo catalyst, without impacting product quality and diesel yield. Potential effect of the reactivated catalysts on the reaction selectivity and the role of the NiMo layer in the stacked configuration are discussed. Pilot-plant experimental data were in strong accordance with catalyst supplier commercial forecasts, emphasizing the quality of the pilot-plant study. Implementation of one of the studied configuration by the refinery could lead to between 30% and 55% savings on the cost of catalyst for the next load