Preoperative assessment of vascular invasion in exocrine pancreatic cancer by multidetector CT

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate multidetector CT (MDCT) signs of vascular invasion in pancreatic carcinoma.Patients and methodsRetrospective review of preoperative dynamic MDCT of 42 patients with pathologically proven pancreatic carcinoma.ResultsSurgically confirmed invaded vessels were 19 arteries and 33 veins. Multiple signs of vascular invasion were assessed.ConclusionSignificant advances have been made in the ability of MDCT to visualize pancreatic cancer and to stage disease when close attention is paid to technique with special attention to multiple signs of vascular invasion

An intervention program for women complaining from urinary incontinence at Aga city

Background: Urinary incontinence affect women at any age in which deteriorate their quality of life. Pelvic training to control bladder function at regular time intervals has been demonstrated to be an effective method for treating incontinence. Aim: the study aimed to evaluate the effect of intervention program for women complaining from UI. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at five outpatient clinics of Aga central hospital, Dakahlia Government, Egypt. Sample:  A purposive sample was used to select 354 women divided randomly into study group and control group each of them were 177. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection. 1st tool is a structural interviewing questionnaire: It contained four parts: Part I: Women socio-demographic characteristics. Part II: women’s history. Part III: Women’s knowledge regarding urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle exercises. Ⅳ: Women’s reported practice regarding pelvic floor muscle exercises. 2nd tool is Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) standardized tool to assess urinary system efficiency. &nbsp

Whole mitochondrial and plastid genome SNP analysis of nine date palm cultivars reveals plastid heteroplasmy and close phylogenetic relationships among cultivars.

Date palm is a very important crop in western Asia and northern Africa, and it is the oldest domesticated fruit tree with archaeological records dating back 5000 years. The huge economic value of this crop has generated considerable interest in breeding programs to enhance production of dates. One of the major limitations of these efforts is the uncertainty regarding the number of date palm cultivars, which are currently based on fruit shape, size, color, and taste. Whole mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences were utilized to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of date palms to evaluate the efficacy of this approach for molecular characterization of cultivars. Mitochondrial and plastid genomes of nine Saudi Arabian cultivars were sequenced. For each species about 60 million 100 bp paired-end reads were generated from total genomic DNA using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. For each cultivar, sequences were aligned separately to the published date palm plastid and mitochondrial reference genomes, and SNPs were identified. The results identified cultivar-specific SNPs for eight of the nine cultivars. Two previous SNP analyses of mitochondrial and plastid genomes identified substantial intra-cultivar ( = intra-varietal) polymorphisms in organellar genomes but these studies did not properly take into account the fact that nearly half of the plastid genome has been integrated into the mitochondrial genome. Filtering all sequencing reads that mapped to both organellar genomes nearly eliminated mitochondrial heteroplasmy but all plastid SNPs remained heteroplasmic. This investigation provides valuable insights into how to deal with interorganellar DNA transfer in performing SNP analyses from total genomic DNA. The results confirm recent suggestions that plastid heteroplasmy is much more common than previously thought. Finally, low levels of sequence variation in plastid and mitochondrial genomes argue for using nuclear SNPs for molecular characterization of date palm cultivars

Plastid SNPs sorted by position in the genome.

<p>SNPs that are unique to an individual cultivar are in bold. IGS  =  intergenic spacer; I  =  intron; NS  =  nonsynonymous; S  =  synonymous.</p

Maximum likelihood trees of mitochondrial SNPs for 10 date palm cultivars.

<p>(A), plastid (B), and combined (C). Numbers below each node represent bootstrap values for 1000 replicates. Cultivar abbreviations are provided in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094158#pone-0094158-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. Cultivar acronyms in red and black are female and male plants, respectively. Fruit shape is indicated and acronym names are color coded by fruit color (yellow, red, and brown).</p