Mujer y medio ambiente en América Latina y el Caribe

1. Mujer y medio ambiente en América Latina y el Caribe: los desafíos hacia el año 2.000. 2. Políticas de población vigentes en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. La mujer como protagonista del desarrollo sustentable. Política de población en Perú: la relación mujer y medio ambiente. Población, mujer y medio ambiente en Honduras. Medio ambiente y población: una visión crítica. 3. La mujer en el manejo de los recursos naturales y tecnologías apropiadas. Participación de la mujer campesina en los conjuntos ecológicos autosuficientes. Conservación, participación y calidad de vida en el refugio de fauna silvestre de Cuare. Rol de la mujer centroamericana en la conservación de los recursos naturales y el desarrollo. Visión ecofeminista para una relación equilibrada con los recursos naturales. 4. Saneamiento ambiental y disposición de desechos: relación con la calidad de vida de las mujeres. Mujer y ambiente en los sistemas peri-urbanos. Saneamiento ambiental, disposición de desechos y calidad de vida de las mujeres en Bolivia. Los problemas urbanos en Managua. Contaminación ambiental: su impacto en la cotidianidad de la mujer. 5. Las organizaciones y otros movimientos sociales: vínculos entre mujer y medio ambiente. Organizaciones, movimientos, mujer y medio ambiente en el Salvador. Mujer y ecología cotidiana. La mujer en organizaciones de lucha ambiental en Puerto Rico. Relación entre el movimiento de consumidores y el movimiento para el medio ambiente

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Diagnostica radiologica dell’articolazione coxo-femorale: la corretta tecnica per una diagnosi efficace. Case report

PurposeThe correct diagnosis could be missed in the presence of an incomplete or incorrectly performed radiological technique, the proper diagnosis could be missed without an incomplete radiological technique or when it is not well-conducted.Knowing the articular biomechanics of the joint compartment to be studied is a fundamental step in the radiological process. It is extremely important to know the biomechanics of the elbow joint because it is a fundamental step of the radiological process.The correct radiological technique is one of the many fundamental steps that protects the health and safety of the patient (The right radiological technique is one of the most important medical step to protect the patient's physical health and safety.Patient's medical historyThe medical history concerns a 59-year-old patient who accesses the first-aid point of a hospital unit integrated in the territory, after an accident in the workplace. The man, trying to sit down again on his own workstation, fell on the ground and got a trauma in the back of the left coxo-femoral joint.The patient, after having been examined by the doctor in 118, arrives at radiology with a request for further radiological diagnosis of the pelvis and left hip. The space referred to the clinical classification reports "workplace injury, gluteus trauma and left side functional pain and impotence". The first radiographic approach has provided beyond the standard projections the oblique projection of the hip known as Frog Legs. Following the first investigation the patient was found to be free of fractures. At the first orthopedic check-up, ten days after the trauma, the patient underwent a radiographic check, which revealed a left hip fracture. The second radiographic approach was different than the first, the projective technique focused on projections that could enhance the painful area of the patient, which after a while still made autonomous walking impossible. In the second radiographic approach the projections that revealed the fracture were free of abduction movements, however, as a last one, an oblique Lauenstein projection was performed. Following clinical deterioration, the patient performed a left hip CT scan within a few days (It is the anamnesis of a fifty-nine-year-old patient that get him to the Emergency Room of an integrated hospital unit area, after an accident at work. Trying to sit on his work station, this man fell down on the ground and injured his left Coxo-femoral joint. After an in depth visit made by the E.R. doctor, the man went to radiology department with a medical request for a deepening pelvis and left hip X-ray. His X-ray results suffer substantial damage: “work-related accident, gluteus muscle and left hip trauma, pain and functional impotence”. The first X-ray interpretation has planned the implementation of the following X-ray projections: Pelvis AP X-ray projections, left hip AP X-ray projections and left hip OBL projections, also known as Frog Legs. After this first check, there was absence of traumatic fractures of the examinated joint. Ten days after the trauma, during the second check, the X-ray projections revealed a left hip fracture. The second radiographic approach was different than the first, the projective technique focused on projections that could enhance the painful area of the patient. In the second radiographic approach the projections showed the fracture were free of abduction movements, however, as a last one, an oblique Lauenstein projection was performed.Following clinical deterioration, the patient performed a left hip CT scan in a few days.ConclusionsThe radiographer is called to know the correct technique of performing the examinations both as regards the correct exposure and as regards the choice of the best projective approach. The TSRM is required to put into practice its technical and practical knowledge in synergy with its communication skills, in order to be able to interface as best as possible with the patient, in order to carry out the most correct projections to be applied on a joint biomechanical basis. Given the profound correlation between joint physiology and the choice of the most correct radiological projections, one could suggest the inclusion of joint biomechanics as a discipline of the degree course in radiology imaging and radiotherapy techniques.The Frog Legs projection is used almost exclusively in the study of dysplastic pathology, moreover in most cases it is performed in comparative terms to offer a morphological comparison between the two joints. It is therefore concluded that it is good practice not to perform any projection that foresees abduction in traumatic patients, in order to guarantee an optimal report and protection of the patient's healthIn view of the above, we can conclude that a precise diagnosis is an essential quality of a good execution technique. Radiographer should be prepared for every eventuality and he/she should apply all the communication skills, to be able to understand all the patient's needs, in order to make correct projections. For a cultural advancement of radiographer, the knowledge of articular biomechanics is essential to be able to understand what kind of projection are required to answer the diagnostic question, respecting the health and safety of patients.The Frog Legs projection is used almost exclusively in the study of dysplastic pathology, moreover in most cases it is carried out in comparison to offer a morphological comparison between the two joints.In conclusion we can say that it is not a good practice to perform projections that foresees abduction in traumatic patients, in order to guarantee an optimal report and protection of the patient's health.ScopoObiettivo di questo lavoro è mostrare che:La corretta diagnosi potrebbe essere compromessa da una tecnica radiologica incompleta o non correttamente eseguita;Conoscere la biomeccanica del comparto articolare da studiare è uno step fondamentale nell’iter radiologico;L’utilizzo della tecnica radiologica corretta è uno degli step fondamentali per la tutela della salute e della sicurezza del paziente.Storia anamnesticaIl caso clinico riguarda un paziente di 59 anni che accede al punto di primo soccorso dopo un infortunio sul posto di lavoro: l´uomo, nell’atto di sedersi alla propria postazione, cadeva a terra subendo un trauma nella regione posteriore dell’anca sinistra. Dopo visita in Pronto Soccorso, il paziente era inviato in radiologia con richiesta di esame radiologico di bacino e anca sinistra. Il dato anamnestico riportava "infortunio sul luogo di lavoro, trauma gluteo e fianco sinistro, dolore e impotenza funzionale". Erano eseguite, in prima istanza, le proiezioni radiografiche AP e Frog Legs, che non evidenziavano rime di frattura.Dieci giorni dopo il trauma, tuttavia, in occasione della prima visita ortopedica di controllo, il paziente era sottoposto ad esame radiografico che evidenziava una frattura di anca sinistra. In questo secondo approccio, la tecnica proiettiva prevedeva proiezioni finalizzate ad evidenziare al meglio la zona dolorante, che ancora a distanza di tempo rendevano impossibile al paziente la deambulazione autonoma: le proiezioni, ad eccezione della proiezione di Lauenstein eseguita per ultima, erano prive di movimenti in abduzione. Pochi giorni dopo il peggioramento clinico ha reso necessaria la Tomografia computerizzata (TC) dell’anca sinistra.ConclusioniDurante l’esame radiologico, il TSRM utilizza le conoscenze tecnico-pratiche in sinergia con le proprie capacità comunicative, per relazionarsi al meglio con il paziente ed effettuare le proiezioni più corrette anche in base alla biomeccanica articolare. È importante che la scelta delle proiezioni da eseguire avvenga sulla base del quesito diagnostico ed in modo consapevole, rispettando il ‘razionale’ scientifico da cui ogni proiezione trae fondamento. Ad esempio, in pazienti che abbiano subito traumi, è buona norma utilizzare proiezioni alternative a quelle che prevedono movimenti di abduzione, sia nel caso di sospette fratture sia nel caso di traumi contusivi, tutelando così la salute del paziente ma garantendo comunque un referto ottimale

Lucio Campiani (Mantova 1822-1914) - Inventario delle composizioni musicali

Inventory of Lucio Campiani's music composition

Regulation of gene expression in developmental and oncogenic processes: The albumin-alphafetoprotein locus in mammals.

International audienc

Lucio Campiani. Un musicista mantovano nella cultura italiana dell'Ottocento, a cura di Licia Mari

New studies on the Mantuan musician Lucio Campiani (1822-1914), analyzed in the context of his time. The essays examine some of his compositions and include further details about his life, works and iconography. Additionally, there is a brief article regarding his father Michele, esteemed oboist