DESIGNING OF MULTI-EPITOPE VACCINE CONSTRUCT EMPLOYING IMMUNOINFORMATICS APPROACH TO COMBAT MULTI-TICK SPECIES INFESTATIONS

Ticks have an exceptional ability to parasitize diverse animal and human lives and cause direct losses by transmitting a wide variety of pathogens to their host. For the management of the tick a vaccine using mid-gut antigen, Bm86 was developed which provided a variable degree of efficacy against different strains of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. Contrary to a single antigen-based vaccine, it is expedient to use multi-epitopes vaccine targeting multiple functions of ticks. To develop a universal tick vaccine against multi-species, multiepitopic construct using immunodominant conserved tick proteins with B and T-cell epitopes were designed employing various immuno-informatics techniques. The 3D structure of the final construct was predicted, refined, and validated by different computational techniques. Molecular docking of the construct was carried out with TLR-2 receptor to predict efficient cell mediate the immune response. The findings manifest that the multi-epitopic construct might be active against multi-tick species infestations, a problem faced by many tropical and subtropical countries

In Book: Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change

Not AvailableDescribes about the Impact of Climate Change on Sheep Disease Occurrences and Its ManagementNot Availabl

NUTRITION IN AYURVEDA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NITYASEVANEEYA AND ANITYASEVANEEYA DRAVYAS

It is an undeniable fact that food choices make a huge impact on health of an individual. 21st century has witnessed an increase in incidences of non-communicable chronic diseases also known as lifestyle diseases. One of the major factors responsible for it is the unhealthy food habits. Thus, it is the need of the hour to understand more about the right food choices for daily nutrition. Ayurveda explains about of nutrition under Pathyapathya. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of Pathyapathya in the maintenance of health as well as management of diseases. Nityasevaneeya dravyas, are the food items which are ideal for regular use like green gram (Mudga), ghee (Go ghruta), honey (Madhu). These help to promote and maintain health as well as prevent diseases. At the same time Anitya sevaneeya dravyas, are those food articles which are not suitable for regular use like Paneer (Kurchika), curd (Dadhi), black gram (Masha). These food items on regular consumption can lead to many diseases. In this study a detailed review of each drug mentioned under Nitya sevaneeya and Anityasevaneeya dravyas both in Ayurveda and contemporary science are done. Review indents to highlight the scientific background behind each food article to re-establish their relevance in today’s time

NIASM Annual Report 2015-16

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Studies on some lanthanide(III) complexes of <i>o-, m- </i>and <i>p</i>-chloro substituted diphenylcarbazones

1150-1156Lanthanide(III) complexes of mono chloro substituted derivatives of diphenylcarbazones viz o-, m- and p-chloro diphenylcarbazones of composition Ln[(DPC)2(NO3)2]NO3.2H2O (where Ln =La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Dy and Er) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses , electrical conductance, magnetic measurements, electronic, infrared and 1H NMR spectral techniques. The substituted diphenylcarbazones behave as bidcntate neutral ligands coordinating through ketonic oxygen and azo nitrogen and the complexes appear to be six-coordinated. Thermal studies show the presence of two water molecules outside the coordination sphere. The substituted diphenylcarbazones and their respective lanthanide(III) complexes have been tested for antifungal and antibacterial activity. The solution studies have also been carried out. The log K1 values have been correlated with standard oxidation potentials and ionization potentials of the lanthanides. The validity of Born's relation is examined by studying the plot of log K1 vs Z2/r

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Not AvailableAim: This study was conducted to know the genetic variability of rabies viruses (RVs) from wild animals in India. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 rabies suspected brain samples of wild animals from different states of India were included in the study. The samples were subjected for direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The phylogenetic analysis of partial nucleoprotein gene sequences was performed. Results: Of 20 samples, 11, 10, and 12 cases were found positive by dFAT, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Indian wild RVs isolates belonged to classical genotype 1 of Lyssavirus and were closely related to Arctic/Arctic-like single cluster indicating the possibility of a spillover of rabies among different species. Conclusion: The results indicated the circulation of similar RVs in sylvatic and urban cycles in India. However, understanding the role of wild animals as reservoir host needs to be studied in India.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableRabies is a neglected viral zoonotic disease affecting humans, domestic and wild animals and is endemic in most parts of the India. Dog mediated rabies is more predominant than other forms of rabies and molecular epidemiology is poorly understood in both reservoir and susceptible hosts. In the present study, a total of 140 rabies suspected brain samples from different species of animals from different geographical regions of India were used. The samples were parallelly tested by direct fluorescent antibody test, reverse transcriptase PCR and real-time PCR. Thirty positive samples were subjected for partial nucleoprotein gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. On sequence and phylogenetic analysis, it was observed that all Indian rabies viruses belonged to classical rabies virus of genotype 1 of Lyssavirus and formed two distinct groups. The majority of isolates were in group-1 and are closely related to arctic/arctic like lineage, whereas group-II isolated are closely related to cosmopolitan lineage. These results indicated there is simultaneous existence of two distinct lineages of rabies viruses in Indian subcontinent. Further whole genome studies are needed for better understanding of molecular epidemiology of rabies virus circulating in animals for control and prevention of rabies in India.Not Availabl

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Not Availableconditions. The study was conducted with the aim to understand the effect of rearing temperatures on juvenile tilapia growth, muscle cellularity and expression of myoD and myostatin genes. Tilapia larvae were reared at 25°C, 30°C and 34°C for 60 days. Fish growth was measured in terms of body weight, white muscle fibre frequency through HE staining and qRT-PCR based expression of myoD and myostatin gene. At 60 day, tilapia juveniles reared at 30°C grew significantly higher than 25°C and 34°C, the frequency distribution of white muscle fibres in diameter class <25 μm was similar at 25°C and 30°C, but was significantly higher for fish reared at 34°C and of white muscle fibre of diameter 25-50 μm was significantly higher at 30°C in comparison to 25°C and 34°C. MyoD gene expression was significantly higher at 34°C than 25°C and 30°C. Whereas, myostatin expression was similar at all three rearing temperature. The present investigation suggests that rearing temperature affects fish growth, muscle cellularity and gene expression in juvenile tilapia. Increase in water temperature to 30°C is beneficial for achieving maximum body growth and hypertrophic muscle growth in O. mossambicus.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHeat shock proteins (Hsp) are known to play major role in protection of cells from thermal stress. Nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter of Hsp affect degree of expression and inducibility of Hsp mRNA. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of polymorphism within promoter region on the cellular expression of Hsp70.1 mRNA and association of identified polymorphisms with the physiological parameters during summer stress and milk production traits in dairy cattle. Two hundred Frieswal cows were genotyped using double PCR-RFLP to identify deletion of cytosine within the Hsp70.1 promoter AP2 box at base position 895. Homozygous wild type genotypes (CC) were found in lower frequency (39.29, n=78) than heterozygous cytosine deletion mutant genotypes (C-) (60.71, n=122). In the observed physiological parameters (rectal temperature, respiration rate and heat tolerance coefficient), cows that were homozygous wild types had better significant (P<0.05) summer tolerance than the heterozygous deletion genotypes. Cytosine deletion mutation in the promoter region negatively affected (P<0.01) the expression of Hsp70.1 mRNA in peripheral bovine mononuclear cells (PBMC) subjected to in vitro heat stress. Further association of observed polymorphism with the milk production traits was significant as the heterozygous cytosine deletion cows had lower total milk yield, peak yield, yield at 300 days, protein% (P<0.01) and fat% (P<0.05) than the native wild type promoter cows. The results from the present study suggest that the promoter region of bovine hsp70.1 gene is polymorphic and may be useful in selection of dairy cows for relatively better thermotolerance and higher milk production.Not Availabl