Radiologic Manifestations of Patients with Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Zabol

Abstract: Background & Aims: Tuberculosis is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world and if it is not treated, 50 – 65% of patients would die in five years. Chest X-ray has an important role in the diagnosis of TB and early diagnosis and treatment prevent tuberculosis transmission. In this study we evaluated radiologic manifestations of patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Zabol. Method: In this cross – sectional study, 325 patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis from March 2004 to March 2005 were evaluated. Radiologic findings were recorded in a questionnaire and analyzed. Results: From 325 patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 116(35.7%) were male and 209(64.3%) were female.The most frequent involved site was left upper lobe [175(53.8%)] followed by right upper lobe [134(41.2%)]. The most frequent radiologic finding was bronchopneumonia with 242 cases (74.4%). Patchy consolidation in 99 patients (30.4%), cavitary lesion in 68 ones (20.9%) and pleural effusion in 35 patients (10.7%) were observed. In 8 cases (2.4%) CXRs were normal. After six months treatment and according to CXRs, 90 patients (27.7%) recovered completely, 169 cases (52%) had slight recovery and 66 patients (20.3%) did not have any changes. Conclusion: Pulmonary upper lobes were the most frequent involved sites. Since pulmonary TB has different radiologic manifestations and chest X-ray has an important role in the early diagnosis and preventing transmission, careful attention to radiologic manifestations especially in upper lobes and considering TB as one of the differential diagnosis are highly recommended. Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Sputum, Radiography, Thoraci

Black hole solutions to Einstein-Bel-Robinson gravity

By employing a combination of perturbative analytic methods, we study the physical properties of a static-spherically symmetric black hole in the framework of the recently proposed Einstien-Bel-Robinson version of gravity. We show that interestingly the theory propagates a transverse and massive graviton on a maximally symmetric background with positive energy. There is also a single ghost-free branch that returns to the Einstein case when \beta\to 0. Then, we obtain the conserved charges of the theory to study the thermodynamics of the black hole solutions. We get the thermodynamical quantities and show that the solutions undergo a first-order phase transition with associated Van der Waals behavior. We analyze the specific heat, determining that the black holes are thermodynamically stable over large regions of parametric space.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Charged Black Holes in Einsteinian Quartic Gravity

In this paper, we studied Einsteinian quartic gravity minimally coupled to electrodynamics in four dimensions. First, by variation action, we obtain the field equations, and by integration, we obtain a nonlinear third-order differential equation for the metric function and as well as the electromagnetic potential. Then, in the context of the Maxwell field, we discussed the conditions under which the charged black hole exists. Then, we have demonstrated the thermodynamics and stability of the solution for the case of positive coupling of quartic theory. Finally, we showed that the charged black hole solutions of EQG (unlike GR and like ECG) have no inner horizon and do not conform to the extremal bound of GR. Also, the uniqueness of BH solutions in this theory does not work anymore.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Effect of nanosilver particles on hatchability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg and survival of the produced larvae

Effect of nanosilver particles was studied on the hatchability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg and survival of the produced larvae at about 12ºC. In the first experiment the water-based nanosilver particles was used at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mgL^-1 for 30 minutes per day starting 24 hour post egg incubation until the hatching time. The mean percentage of hatchability reached in 27.6±0.2, 38.2±0.1, 41.6±0.4 and 48.6±1.5 in troughs treated with 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mgL^-1 nanocid, respectively compared with 64.7±0.2 % for trough treated with malachite green at 2 mgL^-1 as positive control (P0.05). These data suggest a possible application of nanosilver particles in aquaculture sector particularly using incubator troughs of trout containing nanosilver materials

Time-resolved terahertz–Raman spectroscopy reveals that cations and anions distinctly modify intermolecular interactions of water

The solvation of ions changes the physical, chemical and thermodynamic properties of water, and the microscopic origin of this behaviour is believed to be ion-induced perturbation of water’s hydrogen-bonding network. Here we provide microscopic insights into this process by monitoring the dissipation of energy in salt solutions using time-resolved terahertz–Raman spectroscopy. We resonantly drive the low-frequency rotational dynamics of water molecules using intense terahertz pulses and probe the Raman response of their intermolecular translational motions. We find that the intermolecular rotational-to-translational energy transfer is enhanced by highly charged cations and is drastically reduced by highly charged anions, scaling with the ion surface charge density and ion concentration. Our molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the water–water hydrogen-bond strength between the first and second solvation shells of cations increases, while it decreases around anions. The opposite effects of cations and anions on the intermolecular interactions of water resemble the effects of ions on the stabilization and denaturation of proteins