On the Relationship between Bond\u27s Work Index and Mechanical Properties of Brittle Materials

By a dimensional analysis method, we have obtained the following relationship between the Bond\u27s work index and the mechanical properties of brittle materials. Wi・ρ = 0.623 Y_1^ Sc^ St^ (1-ν_1^2)^ Rc^ Rt^ Where Wi [Kg-cm/kg] is the work index, ρ [kg/cm^3] is the density. Sc [Kg/cm^2] is the compressive strength. St [Kg/cm^2] is the tensile strength, Y_1 [Kg/cm^2] is the Young\u27s modulus, ν_1 [-] is the Poisson\u27s ratio, Rc [-] is the ratio of specific surface area of fractured product to the rod specimen and Rt [-] is the ratio of specific surface area to the spherical specimen, both under slow rate of compressive loading. Dividing Wi calculated from the above equation by 4.05×10^4 Kg-cm/kg, we can obtain Wi having the unit of [kWh/ton]. The above relationship is applicable to materials having the Moh\u27s hardness H=2.0-6.5

Single Particle Crushing under Slow Rate of Loading

An experimental study of the single particle crushing under a slow (constant) rate of loading was carried out by using specimens shaped into sphere made of quartz glass, borosilicate glass and six kinds of minerals. The diameters of sphere ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 cm and the rate of loading was fixed at 3 ton/min for the quartz glass and borosilicate glass specimens and 0.3 ton/min for the six kinds of minerals, respectively. A summary of experimental results is as follows : 1) compressive strength of specimens was increased with the decrease of their volumes ; 2) the status of fracture was mainly transcrystalline type ; 3) in the case of hard material, experimental values of strain energy agreed fairly well with the theoretical values ; 4) the strain energy was proportional to (1-5/3m) power of volume of specimen, where "m" is the Weibull\u27s coefficient of uniformity ; 5) in coarse size range, the energy rule of single particle crushing was followed approximately by the Rittinger\u27s law ; 6) the reciprocal of size modulus of fractured products was proportional to (5/3) power of the compressive strength of specimen ; 7) after obtaining the required energy where the crushing is made by a mill of industrial scale by applying the values of work index, the percentage of the strain energy at the time of fracture of a single spherical particle to the required energy was found 2.71 to 42.0 percent

Elevation of Bombina variegata peptide 8 in mice with collagen-induced arthritis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Bombina variegate </it>peptide 8 (Bv8) is a small protein secreted by frog skin. Recently it has been shown to contribute to tumor angiogenesis in mouse model. The purpose of this study was to investigate Bv8 in mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We induced CIA in male DBA/1J mice. The severity of arthritis was evaluated based on an arthritis score. RNA was extracted from the joint, and examined for Bv8 mRNA expression by RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Synovial tissue and bone marrow were immunohistochemically examined using anti-Bv8 antibody.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The level of Bv8 mRNA expression in the joint was below the detection limit in the control group, but was elevated in the CIA group, and was correlated with the arthritis score. In addition, an increase in Bv8-positive cells was observed in the synovium and bone marrow in the CIA group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Bv8 was elevated in the synovium and bone marrow of CIA mice, suggesting that Bv8 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis.</p

On the Treatment of Rayons with Synthetic Resins by Means of an Improved Method. (XVII) The Special Core-Resin Treatment Prior to Dyeing with Some Functional Finish Which may be Followed by Mechanical One (III). Dyeing and Functional Finish After Peeling off the First Outer and Skin layer Resin

In continuation of the foregoing paper of this series (XVl) the present one deals with the functional dyeing as well as the second resin finish intended for the outer layer upon the fiber，which had been core-resin treated and then peeled off the unavailing first resin on the skin and outer layers in order to give the place for the dye and the second resin. 1t was found that the fiber as treated above，properly choosing the dye and the second resin， showed to have a good balance with reference to the properties in compressional resilience， knot strength， and 1ight fastness of the dyeing. The present method in view is considered to be advantageous in that the fiber can be core-resin treated in white state in tow form (or in any other form also)， so that it can be processed on the part of the maker and be stocked， and then can be dyed at any stage before the end product on the part of the spinner or finisher as required， say， in staple， yarn or fabric stat

On the Treatment of Rayons with Synthetic Resins by Means of an Improved Method (XIX) The Stepwise Study on the “Presiton Process" in the Tow Form on a Semi Industrial Scale (11) From 'Presiton S' to' Presiton SW'

In continuation of the foregoing paper，the present one deals with the next step of treatments in the “Presiton Process" on a semi industrial scale for the present sample， ‘Presiton S'. which is to bring about a thin outer layer of the second resin on the surface of the sample，and also to set the reactive dye at the same time on the peeled and disc10sed surface of the cellulosic fiber. The meaning and the theory of preparing ‘Presiton SW' are herewith given in the introduction. And the optimum conditions of preparing a good ‘Presiton SW' with respect to the used resin and dye are determined. and given as in the followings; The reactive dye ; Procion Brill. Orange GS The dye concentration in the 1st bath; 1 % The dip time 15 minutes The resin COnc. in the 2nd bath ; 4 % Catalyser ;D.A.P.，5 %， o. w. of resin Cure temp. and time ; 130℃ x 5 min

PETREL for Astrophysics and Carbon Business

A multi-purpose 50kg class microsatellite hosting astrophysical mission and earth remote sensing, PETREL , will be launched in 2023. In the night side, PETREL observe the ultra-violet sky with a wide-field telescope covering 50 deg^2 for surveying transient objects related to supernovae, tidal disruption events, and gravitational wave events. Our UV telescope can detect the early phase UV emission from a neutron star merger occurred within 150 Mpc. In addition to the satellite observation, PETREL sends a detection alert including the coordinate and brightness of the UV transient to the ground via the real time communication network within several minutes after detection to conduct follow-up observations with the collaborating ground based observatories over the world. In the day side, PETREL observes the surface of the earth by using the tunable multi-spectral cameras and a ultra-compact hyperspectral camera. Our potential targets are the tropical forests (Green Carbon) and coastal zones (Blue Carbon) in the tropical areas to evaluating the global biological carbon strages. For this purpose PETREL will conduct multiple scale mapping collaborating with drones and small aircraft not only satellite. The obtained data will be used for academical research and for business applications. The technical difficulty of this satellite is that carries out multi-purpose with different requirements, such as astronomical observations which requires a quite high attitude stability and the earth observations requiring a high pointing accuracy, with limited resources. If it is possible, a novel small satellite system or a business style can be realized that can share the payload with academia and industry. PETREL has been adopted as Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program No.3 led by JAXA, and development is underway with the aim of launching in FY2023

Management of esophageal stricture after complete circular endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits removal of esophageal epithelial neoplasms <it>en bloc</it>, but is associated with esophageal stenosis, particularly when ESD involves the entire circumference of the esophageal lumen. We examined the effectiveness of systemic steroid administration for control of postprocedural esophageal stricture after complete circular ESD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seven patients who underwent wholly circumferential ESD for superficially extended esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. In 3 patients, prophylactic endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) was started on the third post-ESD day and was performed twice a week for 8 weeks. In 4 patients, oral prednisolone was started with 30 mg daily on the third post-ESD day, tapered gradually (daily 30, 30, 25, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5 mg for 7 days each), and then discontinued at 8 weeks. EBD was used as needed whenever patients complained of dysphagia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>En bloc </it>ESD with tumor-free margins was safely achieved in all cases. Patients in the prophylactic EBD group required a mean of 32.7 EBD sessions; the postprocedural stricture was dilated up to 18 mm in diameter in these patients. On the other hand, systemic steroid administration substantially reduced or eliminated the need for EBD. Corticosteroid therapy was not associated with any adverse events. Post-ESD esophageal stricture after complete circular ESD was persistent, requiring multiple EBD sessions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Use of oral prednisolone administration may be an effective treatment strategy for reducing post-ESD esophageal stricture after complete circular ESD.</p