101 research outputs found
Einstein-Roscoe regression for the slag viscosity prediction problem in steelmaking
In classical machine learning, regressors are trained without attempting to gain insight into the mechanism connecting inputs and outputs. Natural sciences, however, are interested in finding a robust interpretable function for the target phenomenon, that can return predictions even outside of the training domains. This paper focuses on viscosity prediction problem in steelmaking, and proposes Einstein-Roscoe regression (ERR), which learns the coefficients of the Einstein-Roscoe equation, and is able to extrapolate to unseen domains. Besides, it is often the case in the natural sciences that some measurements are unavailable or expensive than the others due to physical constraints. To this end, we employ a transfer learning framework based on Gaussian process, which allows us to estimate the regression parameters using the auxiliary measurements available in a reasonable cost. In experiments using the viscosity measurements in high temperature slag suspension system, ERR is compared favorably with various machine learning approaches in interpolation settings, while outperformed all of them in extrapolation settings. Furthermore, after estimating parameters using the auxiliary dataset obtained at room temperature, an increase in accuracy is observed in the high temperature dataset, which corroborates the effectiveness of the proposed approach
Obesity-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causes chronic inflammation in adipose tissue
Adipose tissue plays a central role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis under normal conditions. Metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are often accompanied by chronic inflammation and adipose tissue dysfunction. In this study, we observed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the inflammatory response occurred in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet for a period of 16 weeks. After 16 weeks of feeding, ER stress markers increased and chronic inflammation occurred in adipose tissue. We found that ER stress is induced by free fatty acid (FFA)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and up-regulated gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oral administration to obese mice of chemical chaperons, which alleviate ER stress, improved chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, followed by the suppression of increased body weight and improved insulin signaling. These results indicate that ER stress plays important pathophysiological roles in obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction.This work was partly supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (#22020030, #22800049), Sumitomo Foundation, Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, Takeda Science Foundation, The Pharmacological Research Foundation Tokyo, Daiichi-Sankyo Foundation of Life Science, and The Naito Foundation
Skin Prick Test with Self-Saliva in Patients with Oral Aphthoses: A New Diagnostic Pathergy for Behcetâs Disease and Recurrent Aphthosis
There may be some difficulties to differentiate Behcetâs disease (BD), recurrent aphthosis (RA), and herpetic aphthous ulceration, from other mimicking oral disorders. Despite of unexpected sensitivity and responsiveness, the skin pathergy test regarding a non-specific hypersensitivity has long been thought as one of auxiliary diagnostic benefits for BD
Behçet's Disease (Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease)
Adamantiades-Behçet's disease (ABD) is characterized by starting with oral aphthous ulceration and developing of the systemic involvements. The pathogenesis of ABD is closely correlated with the genetic factors and the triggering factors which acquire delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction against oral streptococci mediated by IL-12 cytokine family. HLA-B51 is associated in more than 60% of the patients and its restricted CD8+ T cell response is clearly correlated with the target tissues. Bes-1 gene encoded partial S. sanguinis genome which is highly homologous with retinal protein, and 65âkD heat shock protein (Hsp-65) released from streptococci is playing an important role with human Hsp-60 in the pathogenesis of ABD. Although Hsp-65/60 has homologies with the respective T cell epitope, it stimulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ABD patients. On the other hand, some peptides of Hsp-65 were found to reduce IL-8 and IL-12 production from PBMCs of ABD patients in active stage
Treatment for Churg-Strauss Syndrome: Induction of Remission and Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy
ABSTRACTChurg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is characterized by the presence of asthma, eosinophilia, and small-vessel vasculitis with granuloma. It is a distinct entity, as determined from all classifications of systemic vasculitis. The poor prognostic factors in CSS are renal insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, severe gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and central nervous systems (CNS) involvement. The initial management of CSS should include a high dose of a corticosteroid: prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day or its equivalent for methylprednisolone with tapering over 6 months. In patients with severe or rapidly progressing CSS, the administration of methylprednisolone pulse at 1 g/body/day for 3 days is recommended. When corticosteroid therapy does not induce remission, or when patients have poor prognostic factors, immunosuppressive cytotoxic therapy is indicated. However, some patients with severe CSS often show resistance to conventional treatment. We think that IVIG therapy is a hopeful candidate for second-line treatment for CSS patients, particularly in the case of neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy, which are resistant to conventional therapy. However, there is not much evidence supporting the effectiveness of IVIG in CSS, and the mechanisms underlying the action of IVIG remain unclear. Now we are performing clinical trials of IVIG therapy for CSS patients who are resistant to conventional treatment, through a nationwide double-blinded placebo-controlled study in Japan
ăľăłăŤ ăă¤1 ă㌠ă ăŞăŤă˝ ăŹă¤ă㡠ă 1S ă¸ăĽăłă¤ ă ăă§ăŚăĄă¤ ăˇăż ăă¤2 ăłăŚăă§ăŚă ăăăťă¤
The electric-quadrupole second-harmonic (SH) signal resonant to 1S yellow orthoexciton in Cu2O is observed. SH signals for the polycrystalline and the single crystal have been investigated. The polarization property of the SH signal has also been studied. The enhanced resonant SH signal can be ascribed to the small damping constant of the electric-quadrupole transition of the orthoexciton. The polarization properties of the SH signal are explained in terms of the energy consideration of the nonlinear optical properties of solids proposed by Pershan. In addition, resonant hyper-Raman scattering of the Î12- phonon is also observed.Cu2OăŽ1S ăŞăŤă˝ĺąčľˇĺăŤĺ
ąéł´ăăéťć°ĺé漾珏2éŤčŞżćł˘ăˇă°ăăŤă茳渏ăăăăŞăŤă˝ĺąčľˇĺćşä˝ăŽăăłăăłă°ă¨ăăŤăŽăźăĺ°ăăăăăéăĺ
ąéł´ăçăăăĺ
ąéł´ăšăăŻăăŤăŽĺĺ
çšć§ăPershanăŽçčŤăŤăăŁăŚčŞŹćă§ăăăă¨ăĺăăŁă
Unfolded protein response, activated by OASIS family transcription factors, promotes astrocyte differentiation
OASIS is a member of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors and modulates cell- or tissue-specific unfolded protein response signalling. Here we show that this modulation has a critical role in the differentiation of neural precursor cells into astrocytes. Cerebral cortices of mice specifically deficient in OASIS (Oasisâ/â) contain fewer astrocytes and more neural precursor cells than those of wild-type mice during embryonic development. Furthermore, astrocyte differentiation is delayed in primary cultured Oasisâ/â neural precursor cells. The transcription factor Gcm1, which is necessary for astrocyte differentiation in Drosophila, is revealed to be a target of OASIS. Introduction of Gcm1 into Oasisâ/â neural precursor cells improves the delayed differentiation of neural precursor cells into astrocytes by accelerating demethylation of the Gfap promoter. Gcm1 expression is temporally controlled by the unfolded protein response through interactions between OASIS family members during astrocyte differentiation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which OASIS and its associated family members are modulated by the unfolded protein response to finely control astrocyte differentiation.This work was partly supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (#22020030, #22800049), Sumitomo Foundation, Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, Takeda Science Foundation, The Pharmacological Research Foundation Tokyo, Daiichi-Sankyo Foundation of Life Science, The Naito Foundation, Senri Life Science Foundation, Hokuto Foundation for Bioscience, and The Japan Prize Foundation
Advances in Transient-Liquid-Phase Bonding of Ultra-high Temperature ZrC Ceramics
AbstractFull exploitation of the many attractive engineering properties of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) requires that they can be joined. This paper explores progress in identifying joining strategies based on the use of transient liquid phases (TLPs). Wetting studies are used to explore the suitability of specific liquids for joining, while bonding studies provide the ultimate test. Sintering aids in the UHTC provide a major potential obstacle to successful joining, and dissolved impurities in the TLP can also complicate the joining process. Nonetheless, we show that well-bonding interfaces can be achieved when ZrC ceramics are bonded at 1673 K using a Ni/Nb/Ni multilayer interlayer
- âŚ