Juvenile Bow Hunter’s Stroke without Hemodynamic Changes

Bow hunter’s stroke (BHS) is a cerebrovascular disease caused by occlusion of the vertebral artery (VA) on head rotation. BHS is generally associated with hemodynamic changes, often leading to vertebrobasilar insufficiency symptoms, such as vertigo and faintness. Although artery-to-artery embolism has also been proposed as an underlying mechanism, it remains controversial. This report documents a case of BHS without hemodynamic changes. We describe a 26-year-old male patient who had VA occlusion on head rotation and repetitive infarction of thalami. He had an anomalous bypass of the VA and therefore no symptomatic hemodynamic changes. Thus, non-hemodynamic BHS should be considered in juvenile patients with vertebrobasilar stroke

Bifidobacteria upregulate expression of toll-like receptor negative regulators counteracting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli mediated inflammation in bovine intestinal epitheliocytes

We previously established a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) and showed that BIE cells are useful in vitro model system for the study of interactions between pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms and bovine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In the present study we aimed to select potential immunomodulatory bifidobacteria that may be used to beneficially modulate the inflammatory response in bovine IECs. We also aimed to gain insight in the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria by evaluating the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR negative regulators in the regulation of proinflamatory cytokines production and MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K pathways activation in BIE cells. Five bifidobacteria strains were evaluated in this study and according to their capacity to modulate inflammatory response of BIE cells. Despite the unique effect of each strain, four common points were found when comparing the effect of the high and moderate anti-inflammatory strains: 1) Upregulation of TLR negative regulators and the intensity of that upregulation was related to the different immunomodulatory capacity of each bifidobacteria strain. 2) The balance between MAPK activation and MKP-1 upregulation affected the an- ti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria in BIE cells. 3) The inhibition of PI3K pathway was related to the an- ti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria. 4) The immunoregulatory effect of bifidobacteria in BIE cells is partially de- pendent on TLR2. This study shows that BIE cells can be used for the selection of immunoregulatory bifidobacteria and for studying the mechanisms involved in the protective activity of immunobiotics against TLR4-induced inflammatory damage. In addition, we have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effect of bifidobacteria was achieved by a com- plex interaction of multiple TLRs negative regulators as well as the inhibition/activation of multiple signaling pathways.Fil: Murata, Kozue. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón;Fil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina; Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón;Fil: Tomosada, Yohsuke. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón;Fil: Risa, Hara. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón;Fil: Chiba, Eriko. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón;Fil: Shimazu, Tomoyuki. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Japón;Fil: Aso, Hisashi. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Cell Biology Laboratory; Japón;Fil: Suda, Yoshihito. Miyagi University. Department of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Science; Japón;Fil: Iwabuchi, Noriyuki. Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd. Food Science and Technology Institute; Japón;Fil: Xiao, Jin-zhong. Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd. Food Science and Technology Institute; Japón;Fil: Saito, Tadao. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón;Fil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón

急性期虚血性脳卒中患者から機械的血栓回収術で得られた血栓の年齢と組成は血栓回収術転帰および臨床転帰と関連していた

Introduction: Understanding the composition of stroke thrombi retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy is essential to clarify the pathogenesis of stroke. However, it is difficult to evaluate thrombus composition precisely and objectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate thrombus composition and age. Materials and methods: Consecutive thrombi (n = 108) retrieved from patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute large-vessel ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed. Lytic features of granulocytes and CD163 were estimated as indicators of the age of the cardioembolic (CE) thrombus. Results: The stroke subtypes were as follows: CE, 74 cases; large artery atherosclerosis, 11; undetermined etiology, 12; and other determined etiology, 11. There were no statistical differences in thrombi composition according to stroke subtypes. The fibrin area was positively correlated with the red blood cell (RBC) and platelet areas. The following analysis was performed using CE only. Regarding age, the thrombus was judged as fresh in 30.0 % and older in 70.0 % based on the lytic features. The RBC areas of older thrombi were smaller than those of fresh thrombi. The puncture-to-reperfusion time of older thrombi was longer than that of fresh thrombi. Platelet-rich thrombi were associated with a greater number of maneuvers, a smaller prevalence of TICI 3, and unfavorable functional outcomes compared to platelet-poor thrombi. The number of CD163 positive cells in thrombi with anticoagulants was higher than in those without anticoagulants. Conclusion: Thrombus composition correlated with revascularization and clinical outcomes. The composition of an acute ischemic thrombus may reflect the pathophysiology of stroke and influence treatment efficacy.博士（医学）・甲第855号・令和4年12月22日Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Advanced application of bovine intestinal epithelial cell line for evaluating regulatory effect of lactobacilli against heat-killed enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli-mediated inflammation

Background: Previously, a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) was successfully established. This work hypothesized that BIE cells are useful in vitro model system for the study of interactions of microbial- or pathogenassociated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs) with bovine intestinal epithelial cells and for the selection of immunoregulatory lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Results: All toll-like receptor (TLR) genes were expressed in BIE cells, being TLR4 one of the most strongly expressed. We demonstrated that heat-stable PAMPs of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) significantly enhanced the production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1! and MCP-1 in BIE cells by activating both NF-"B and MAPK pathways. We evaluated the capacity of several lactobacilli strains to modulate heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-mediated inflammatory response in BIE cells. Among these strains evaluated, Lactobacillus casei OLL2768 attenuated heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-induced pro-inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-"B and p38 signaling pathways in BIE cells. Moreover, L. casei OLL2768 negatively regulated TLR4 signaling in BIE cells by up-regulating Toll interacting protein (Tollip) and B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein (Bcl-3). Conclusions: BIE cells are suitable for the selection of immunoregulatory LAB and for studying the mechanisms involved in the protective activity of immunobiotics against pathogen-induced inflammatory damage. In addition, we showed that L. casei OLL2768 functionally modulate the bovine intestinal epithelium by attenuating heat-stable ETEC PAMPs-induced inflammation. Therefore L. casei OLL2768 is a good candidate for in vivo studying the protective effect of LAB against intestinal inflammatory damage induced by ETEC infection or heat-stable ETEC PAMPs challenge in the bovine host.Fil: Takanashi, Naoya. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Tomosada, Yohsuke. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos (i); Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Murata, Kozue. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Takahashi, Takuya. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Chiba, Eriko. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Tohno, Masanori. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; Japan.;Fil: Tomoyuki Shimazu. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan; Laboratory of Animal Breading and Genetics. Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Japan.;Fil: Aso, Hisashi. Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan.;Fil: Suda, Yoshihito. Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment. Miyagi University; Japan.;Fil: Ikegami, Shuji. Division of Research and Development. Food Science Institut. Meiji Dairies CoOdawara; Japan;Fil: Itoh, Hiroyuki. Division of Research and Development. Food Science Institut. Meiji Dairies CoOdawara; Japan;Fil: Kawai, Yasushi. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Tadao Saito. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan;Fil: Alvarez, Gladis Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina;Fil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Food and Feed Immunology Group. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Tohoku University; Japan

Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza Viruses A (H1N1) during 2007–2009 Influenza Seasons, Japan

Prevalence of these viruses increased during the 2008–09 season

Gestures and Language in Mother-Infant Interaction : A Longitudinal Study of the First Three Years

In the previous papers, the development of pointing in the context of a mother-infant interaction had been examined. In the present research, the development of gestures vis-a-vis linguistic behavior was examined. The data analyzed in the present paper were obtained in longitudinal home observations of 6 first born infants interacting with their mothers. Every interacting behavior by gestures and/or language or vocalization by infants at the moon\u27s age of 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, 21, 24, 30, 36 was analyzed as well as every corresponding mother\u27s interacting behavior. The developmental changes were revealed. The difference between pointing and other gestures was also discussed

The Development of Verbal Behavior (VI) : Development of Pointing Behavior in Infants and Mothers\u27 Responsive Behavior : Longitudinal Study of Infants from 9 to 30 Months Old

The data reported in the present paper were obtained in longitudinal home observations of 9 first born infants interacting with their mothers. Every pointing behavior by infants at the month\u27sage of 9, 11, 13, 17, 21, 24 and 30 was analyzed in terms of the cause and the object of pointing as well as its accompanying vocalization. In addition, every mothers\u27 verbal and/or non-verbal behavior immediately after the infants\u27 pointing behavior was examined. It was demonstrated that mothers\u27 responsive behavior varied according to developmental levels of infants\u27 pointing behavior, but that it was always to carry out a M-I interactional activity. At lower levels, even if the infant pointing behavior showed no communicative intention, it was taken as a communicative behavior in the mother\u27s responsive behavior with the aid of contexts and situations. It was suggested that the mother\u27s responsive behavior to the infant\u27s pointing behavior was a kind of monitoring, and that the mother\u27s monitoring was essential for the infant to become an active partner of communication by the age of 21/

The Development of Verbal Behavior (IV) : Pointing in Mother-Infant Interaction : Longitudinal Study of Infants from 13 to 30 Months Old

The present paper examined the development of pointing in the context of a mother-infant interaction. Infants and toddlers of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 30 months were video-taped while looking at picture books with their mothers. Every pointing by infants and its accompanying vocalization as well as mothers\u27 speech preceding infants\u27 pointing were analyzed. It was demonstrated that pointing was used not only because of the lack of linguistic ability but rather as a complementary behavior: pointing and vocalizing completed each other