A study of the effect of substrate on dot-matrix printing

 A study related to Dot-matrix printers has been carried out in order to analyze the effect of change of substrate on its printing characteristics. Twenty Dot-matrix printers and five types of substrates or white pages have been selected for the study. The printouts have been taken on all the five types of white papers from each of the twenty Dot-matrix printers. These printouts have been examined using stereomicroscope 4x40magnification and VSC 2000 C to examine the features such as change in colour of ink, lustre of printing text, impact of printing, spreading of ink, background noise, UV fluorescence and absorption spectra. It has been concluded that the physical characteristics of dot-matrix printing gets changed by changing the type of substrate even in case of the same printer. Thus, the results of this study would definitely help the forensic document examiners to give an accurate opinion on the cases related to Dot-matrix printouts, specifically in the examination of multiple documents consisting of different types of papers. A study related to Dot-matrix printers has been carried out in order to analyze the effect of change of substrate on its printing characteristics. Twenty Dot-matrix printers and five types of substrates or white pages have been selected for the study. The printouts have been taken on all the five types of white papers from each of the twenty Dot-matrix printers. These printouts have been examined using stereomicroscope 4x40magnification and VSC 2000 C to examine the features such as change in colour of ink, lustre of printing text, impact of printing, spreading of ink, background noise, UV fluorescence and absorption spectra. It has been concluded that the physical characteristics of dot-matrix printing gets changed by changing the type of substrate even in case of the same printer. Thus, the results of this study would definitely help the forensic document examiners to give an accurate opinion on the cases related to Dot-matrix printouts, specifically in the examination of multiple documents consisting of different types of papers

Targeted Metabolomics Approach to Study Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in ‘Kinnow Mandarin’ during Advanced Fruit Maturity

In this study, we investigated the impact of harvest maturity stages and contrasting growing climates on secondary metabolites in Kinnow mandarin. Fruit samples were harvested at six harvest maturity stages (M1–M6) from two distinct growing locations falling under subtropical– arid (STA) and subtropical–humid (STH) climates. A high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique was employed to identify and quantify secondary metabolites in the fruit juice. A total of 31 polyphenolics and 4 limonoids, with significant differences (p < 0.05) in their concentration, were determined. With advancing maturity, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity were found to increase, whereas flavonoids and limonoids decreased in concentration. There was a transient increase in the concentration of some polyphenolics such as hesperidin, naringin, narirutin, naringenin, neoeriocitrin, rutin, nobiletin and tangeretin, and limonoid aglycones such as limonin and nomilin at mid-maturity stage (M3) which coincided with prevailing low temperature and frost events at growing locations. A higher concentration of limonin and polyphenolics was observed for fruit grown under STH climates in comparison to those grown under STA climates. The data indicate that fruit metabolism during advanced stages of maturation under distinct climatic conditions is fundamental to the flavor, nutrition and processing quality of Kinnow mandarin. This information can help in understanding the optimum maturity stage and preferable climate to source fruits with maximum functional compounds, less bitterness and high consumer acceptabilit

Hydropsyche javanica Ulmer 1905

&lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche javanica&lt;/i&gt; Group &lt;p&gt; 30) &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche astyanax&lt;/i&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol. India (Kerala).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche astyanax&lt;/i&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 2000, 817, 855, Table 29. Holotype&mdash;Male; India: Kerala (HMC).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008, 72; Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pandher, Manpreet S., Kaur, Simarjit, Parey, Sajad H. &amp; Saini, Malkiat S., 2017, Review of genus Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India, pp. 331-360 in Zootaxa 4365 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on page 354, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.4, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1118016"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/1118016&lt;/a&gt

Hydropsyche asiatica

&lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche asiatica&lt;/i&gt; Group &lt;p&gt; 15) &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche aiakos&lt;/i&gt; Malicky. Myanmar; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche aiakos&lt;/i&gt; Malicky 1997, 228, Table 4.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Holotype &lt;b&gt;&mdash;&lt;/b&gt; Male; Nepal: Sindupal Chok (HMC).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000, 795; Malicky 2006, 241&ndash;264; Malicky 2007a, 496; Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008, 155; Wityi &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2015, 41; Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 16) &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche asiatica&lt;/i&gt; Ulmer. India (Sikkim, West Bengal); Nepal. &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche asiatica&lt;/i&gt; Ulmer 1905, 91, Table IV, figs. 122&ndash;124. Holotype&mdash;Male; India: Sikkim (deposited in Stettin Museum, Szczecin, Poland; specimen now destroyed&mdash;see text).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000, 795; Malicky 2006, 241&ndash;264; Ol&aacute;h &amp;Johanson 2008, 155; Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional Material examined: See text.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 17) &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche darbori&lt;/i&gt; Malicky. India (Meghalaya).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche darbori&lt;/i&gt; Malicky 2012, 1279, Table 13.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Holotype&mdash;Male; India: Meghalaya (MNB).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;18)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche harpagofalcata&lt;/i&gt; Mey. Vietnam; Thailand; India (Uttarakhand), &lt;b&gt;NEW RECORD&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche harpagofalcata&lt;/i&gt; Mey 1995, 216, figs. 19&ndash;21. Holotype &lt;b&gt;&mdash;&lt;/b&gt; Male; Vietnam: North Vietnam (MPC).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Synonym &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche adrastos&lt;/i&gt; Malicky &lt;b&gt;&amp;&lt;/b&gt; Chantaramongkol 1996, 122 (Malicky 2013, 47); Holotype&mdash;Male; Thailand (HMC).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Armitage &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2005, 32; Mey 2005, 273; Yang &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2005, 441; Yang &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; 2016, 457; Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008, 156; Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional material examined: See text.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 19) &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche lobulata&lt;/i&gt; Martynov. India (West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh); Nepal. &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche lobulata&lt;/i&gt; Martynov 1936, 306.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Synonym: &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche obscura&lt;/i&gt; Martynov 1935, 171, figs. 75a, 75b, 75c (preoccupied by Nav&aacute;s, 1928).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Holotype&mdash;Male; India: West Bengal (NZC).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000, 796; Malicky 2003, 906, 911, 912; Malicky 2006, 241&ndash;264; Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008, 156; Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;20)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche quadrata&lt;/i&gt; (Li &amp; Dudgeon). China; India (Sikkim) &lt;b&gt;NEW RECORD&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche quadrata&lt;/i&gt; (Li &amp; Dudgeon,) 1990, 40.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Holotype: Male; China: Hunan (NJAU).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000, 797; Yang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. 2005, 441&ndash;465; Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008, 156; Morse 2016.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Additional material examined: INDIA: Sikkim: Sangkalang, 800 m, 13-v-2009, 3 males, 4 females, Pandher &amp; Parey, NZC.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pandher, Manpreet S., Kaur, Simarjit, Parey, Sajad H. &amp; Saini, Malkiat S., 2017, Review of genus Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India, pp. 331-360 in Zootaxa 4365 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on page 352, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.4, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1118016"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/1118016&lt;/a&gt

Utility Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus for Its Strategic Management

Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the world’s most dangerous weeds, is responsible for huge losses to the biodiversity, agriculture, economy, and health of livestock and human beings. High competitive success rate and adaptability of the species enable it to dominate diverse types of habitats. Various weed control strategies are being used globally to reduce its population to manageable levels. But owing to many limitations associated with the conventional methods, management of Parthenium still remains a challenge. Recently large scale utilization has been taken up as a holistic approach for the control of weeds. Parthenium hysterophorus can be managed by exploiting this weed in diverse fields. In agriculture, it can be used either as green manure or after composting. Industrially it can be used for producing various value added products. The weed also exhibits many environmental applications. Chemical constituents of Parthenium show extensive range of pharmacological activities suggesting its role as a chemotherapeutic agent. This review briefly discusses the problem of Parthenium and enlists its possible utilities which can open new avenues for effective management of this violent weed

Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000

Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000, NEW RECORD FOR INDIA (Figs. 31–35) Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000, 817 Redescription of adult male: Color in alcohol light brown, covered with scattered pubescence, dorsum of head dark brown. Length from tip of head to apices of folded forewings about 10 mm; maxillary palps each 2 mm long, 2nd segment longer than 3rd and 4th together, 5th almost equal to length of first 4 segments; labial palps each 0.90 mm. Length of each forewing 8.50 mm (n = 3); length of each hind wing 6.90 mm. Male genitalia (Figs. 31–35): Abdominal segment IX longitudinally short, anterolaterally slightly convex in lateral view; dorsomedian keel produced posteriorly and triangular; posterolateral lobe on each side somewhat triangularly produced, setose, setae not in continuous row with posterolateral slope of keel. Depression of dorsal margin visible between segment IX and tergum X. Body of tergum X short, wide, quadrate in lateral view; roundly quadrangular in dorsal view; apicoventral setose lobes curved ventrad, thick, pointed apically in lateral view; digitate, curved apicomesad, rounded apically in dorsal view; apicodorsal lobes fused medially between apicoventral setose lobes, oval; dorsal interlobular gap wide between apicoventral setose lobes. Inferior appendages each long, basal segment broad at base, dilated medially, broad apically in lateral view; curved mesad in ventral view; apical segment broad at base, digitate, hooked dorsad apically in lateral view, digitate and curved mesad and pointed apically in ventral view. Phallic apparatus broad basally, arched subbasally in lateral view; endotheca slender, with long pair of lateral spines at mid length arched anteromesad in ventral view; pair of small subapical spines on membranous arms laterally and directed anterad, pair of small dorsolateral spines, one long apical spine curved apicodorsad, and three asymmetrical apical spines in lateral view. Material examined: INDIA: Himachal Pradesh: Saho, 1800 m, 13-ix-2008, 3 males, Pandher & Parey, NPC. Diagnosis: This species belongs to the Hydropsyche vasuomi Group. It is similar to Hydropsyche xenga Oláh & Johanson 2008 (Vietnam) and H. brontes Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (Thailand) in the general plan of male genitalia. However, the wide dorsal interlobular gap; the apicomesally pointed apicoventral setose lobes; and the digitate, pointed apical segment of each inferior appendage makes Hydropsyche athamas a distinct species. Moreover, there is considerable difference in the shape of the phallus. Distribution: Pakistan; India: Himachal Pradesh.Published as part of Pandher, Manpreet S., Kaur, Simarjit, Parey, Sajad H. & Saini, Malkiat S., 2017, Review of genus Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India, pp. 331-360 in Zootaxa 4365 (3) on pages 338-339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/111801

Hydropsyche claviformis Mey 1996

&lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche claviformis&lt;/i&gt; Mey 1996 &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 41&ndash;46)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche claviformis&lt;/i&gt; Mey 1996, 148&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Redescription of adult male:&lt;/b&gt; Color in alcohol light brown, covered with golden yellow pubescence; forewing membrane brownish with pale maculations forming scattered pattern; head dorsum dark brownish. Length from tip of head to apices of folded forewings 9 mm; maxillary palps each 2.00 mm long, 2nd segment slightly longer than 3rd, 5th about as long as first 4 segments together; labial palps each 0.97 mm long. Length of each forewing about 8 mm (n = 2); length of each hind wing 5 mm.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Male genitalia (Figs. 41&ndash;46): Abdominal segment IX longitudinally short, anterolaterally convex; dorsomedian keel triangular, granulose; anterior margin arched in dorsal view somewhat triangular; posterolateral lobe on each side triangular, setose, its setae in continuous curved line with those on posterior slope of keel. Deep U-shaped depression visible on dorsal margin in lateral view between segment IX and tergum X. Body of tergum X short, nearly quadrangular in lateral and dorsal views; apicoventral setose lobes forming pair of digitiform slender processes projecting posterad in lateral view, curved mesad in dorsal view. Dorsal interlobular gap oval, very large, between apicoventral processes. Inferior appendages each 2-segmented, basal segment long, slightly dilated distally, broad in lateral view; almost straight in ventral view; apical segment small, broad at base, curved mesad in ventral view and rounded apically. Phallic apparatus simple, base wider and curving slightly caudad; pair of broad and apically rounded subapical projections and apically rounded median subapical projection; endotheca broad with pair of rounded apical projections curved mesad and touching on midline.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined: INDIA&lt;/b&gt;: Sikkim: Geyzing, 2000 m, 19-ix-2009, 2 males, Pandher &amp; Parey, NPC. Uttarakhand: Kund, 1050 m, 11-vi-2009, 18 males, 10 females, Pandher &amp; Parey, NZC; Syanachatti, 1800 m, 27- ix-2008, 4 males, 2 females, Pandher &amp; Parey, NZC.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis:&lt;/b&gt; This species belongs to the &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche pluvialis&lt;/i&gt; Group. The male genitalia of &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche claviformis&lt;/i&gt; are quite similar to those of &lt;i&gt;H. pluvialis&lt;/i&gt; Nav&aacute;s 1932 (Vietnam) and &lt;i&gt;H. battos&lt;/i&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000 (Thailand). However, the well-developed triangular apical lobe and the broad and rounded apicoventral setose lobes of tergum X in dorsal view indicate that &lt;i&gt;H. claviformis&lt;/i&gt; is a distinct species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution:&lt;/b&gt; India: Sikkim.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pandher, Manpreet S., Kaur, Simarjit, Parey, Sajad H. &amp; Saini, Malkiat S., 2017, Review of genus Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India, pp. 331-360 in Zootaxa 4365 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on page 342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.4, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1118016"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/1118016&lt;/a&gt

Hydropsyche charon Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000

&lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche charon&lt;/i&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000 &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 52&ndash;56)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche charon&lt;/i&gt; Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol 2000, 810&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Redescription of adult male:&lt;/b&gt; Color in alcohol dark brown, antennae yellowish, covered with fine, scattered, fuscous pubescence. Length from tip of head to apices of folded forewings about 8.25 mm; maxillary palps each 2 mm long, 2nd segment longer than 3rd, 5th as long as 1st&ndash;4th segments together; labial palps each 0.90 mm long; antennae each about 8 mm long. Length of each forewing about 6.25 mm; each hind wing about 4 mm long.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Male genitalia (Figs. 52&ndash;56): Abdominal segment IX longitudinally very short laterally, anterolaterally convex in lateral view; dorsomedian keel broad, triangular and granulose; posterolateral lobes on each side quadrate, unusually broad, setose, with setae interrupted by large gap from those on posterolateral slope of keel. Small depression visible on dorsal margin between segment IX and tergum X. Body of tergum X small, quadrangular in lateral and dorsal views; pair of apicoventral setose lobes digitate, directed posterad, rounded apically in lateral view; directed apicomesad in dorsal view; apicodorsal lobes fused, placed mesally in dorsal view; dorsal interlobular gap small between apicoventral setose lobes. Inferior appendages each long, basal segment about 2 times as long as apical segment, slightly dilated medially, broad at apex, almost straight in ventral view; apical segment small, broad, constricted preapically in ventral view. Phallic apparatus broad basally, abruptly angled subbasally, slender towards apex; endotheca with pair of short, broad, acute, dorsal spines fused basally near midlength and with pair of symmetrical spines subapicodorsally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material examined: INDIA&lt;/b&gt;: Uttarakhand: Diwalikhal, 2000 m, 10-vi-2009, 1 male, Pandher &amp; Parey, NPC.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis:&lt;/b&gt; This species is closely similar to &lt;i&gt;Hydropsyche soinha&lt;/i&gt; Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008 and &lt;i&gt;H. keoda&lt;/i&gt; Ol&aacute;h &amp; Johanson 2008 (both from Vietnam). However, the strongly produced tergum X and the posteriorly rounded median keel of segment IX distinguish this species from allied ones.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution:&lt;/b&gt; Bhutan; India: Uttarakhand.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pandher, Manpreet S., Kaur, Simarjit, Parey, Sajad H. &amp; Saini, Malkiat S., 2017, Review of genus Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India, pp. 331-360 in Zootaxa 4365 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on page 343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.3.4, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1118016"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/1118016&lt;/a&gt