Phytochemicals of “Magahi Pan” (Piper betle L. var. magahi) as Potential H+/K+-ATPase Inhibitors: In-Silico Study and ADME Profile

Background and objectives:  in India, peptic ulcer is most prevalent gastrointestinal disease. Historically Piper betle has been used to treat stomach problems. In order to identify the phytochemicals present in Piper betle. L. var magahi LC/MS spectroscopic analysis was performed, following which, potential phytomolecules with H+/K+-ATPase inhibitory activity were chosen using in-silico evaluation. Methods: Phytochemicals in ‘Magahi pan” were investigated and potential H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor phytochemicals that were screened through in-silico analysis and ADME profile of selected phytochemicals were evaluated. Phytochemical characterization was done with the help of LC/MS followed by molecular docking against enzyme H+/K+-ATPase (PDBID:5YLV) using Autodock4.2 and Swiss ADME. The binding affinity, free energy, physicochemical property, saturation of carbon atoms, number of hydrogen bond acceptors-donors, molar refractivity, lipophilicity, water solubility, and drug likeliness property were evaluated in-silico for their predicted bioactivity against H+/K+-ATPase. Results: A total of 67 phytoconstituents were identified through LC/MS positive and negative ionization mode spectral analysis and six were selected on the basis of binding energy. Molecular docking results revealed that the isolated compounds interacted with target protein H+/K+-ATPase with minimum binding energy ranging from (1) netilmicin (-9.29 kcal/mol); (2) benztropine (-9.07 kcal/mol); (3) 5,6,7,3’,4’ pentahydroxyisoflavone (-8.45 kcal/mol); (4) 2-O-acetylpseudolycorine (-8.02 kcal/mol);  (5) R-95913 (-7.73 kcal/mol) and (6) luteolin (-6.93 kcal/mol), respectively. Conclusion: The ADME profile analysis and docking studies revealed 5,6,7,3’,4’ pentahydroxy-isoflavone and luteolin as potential molecules for inhibiting H+/K+-ATPase

Gynecomastia: A review of literature

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast tissue, either due to the proliferation of glandular tissue or deposition of fat in breast tissue, usually caused by imbalance of estrogen and androgen hormones in body. Gynecomastia has a trimodal age distribution and begins as a small lump beneath the nipple which may be tender. Gynecomastia is usually benign but may be a cause of embarrassment for some. Evaluation of gynecomastia is performed with an aim at diagnosing the cause for the same. Individual treatment requirements can range from simple reassurance to medical treatment or even surgery depending on the etiology