Effects of ankle weights on metabolic response and muscle activity on a lower body positive pressure treadmill 2017

Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmills are growing in popularity for rehabilitative use, as the benefits of exercising at partially supported body weight may induce faster recovery. It is unknown if there are certain practices that increase exercise intensity while maintaining positive effects of LBPP. Adding ankle weights when walking or running could increase intensity of rehabilitation programs while maintaining the comfort of supported body weight. PURPOSE: To measure metabolic response (VO2, RER, HR, Caloric expenditure), RPE, and lower limb electromyography (EMG) amplitudes of LBPP treadmill walking and running with and without ankle weights. METHODS: Sixteen participants (Age: 21.94 ± 1.44 years; Height: 1.66 ± 0.15 m; Weight: 66.86 ± 18.25 kg) completed two randomly-selected, separate sessions of 4 min. walking at 1.34 m·s-1 and 4 min. running at 2.68 m·s-1 in LBPP: (a) in a no weight (NW) condition and (b) an ankle weight (AKW) condition, both at 60% body weight (40% of body weight supported). RESULTS: Participants’ average (±SD) relative VO2 was 10.37±1.49 and 20.33±3.38 mlO2/kg/min for NW at the two treadmill speeds. AKW VO2 was 12.2±1.46 and 23.29±4.86 mlO2/kg/min. RER for NW was .89±.064 and .95±.063; RER with AKW was .87±.061 and .96±.077. HR at the NW condition was 103.2±17.3 and 140.0±21.1 bpm; AKW condition HR was 99.36±13.3 and 143.8±20.3 bpm. Caloric expenditure at the NW condition was 14.4±4.90 kcal at the fourth minute of walk and 28.1±9.16 kcal after the complete eight minutes. At the AKW condition caloric expenditure was 16.8±4.77 kcal at the fourth minute of walk and 31.9±10.2 kcal after the complete eight minutes. For the NW condition RPE was 7±1 and 9±2, and 7±1 and 11±1 at the AKW condition. EMG data RMS were calculated then normalized to 100% body weight and expressed as a percent. The maximum peak values from 30s recordings were averaged to represent final EMG amplitudes. EMG of the gastrocnemius at the NW condition was 560.5±181.9 for walk and 485.0±124.6% for run; at the AKW condition EMG of the gastrocnemius was 586.5±237.6% and 461.2±171.7%. EMG of the tibialis anterior at the NW condition was 570.4±158.9 and 647.7±443.5%. At the AKW condition EMG of the tibialis anterior was 581.2±363.3 and 546.9±377.2%. Lastly, the EMG of the vastus medialis at the NW condition was 606.7±441.8 and 448.2±316.0%; at the AKW condition EMG of the vastus medialis was 521.8±537.0 and 633.3±629.9%. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant interaction of speed and weighted condition for RER, F (1,13) = 4.834, p \u3c .05, partial η 2 = .271. RER was statistically significantly different between both speeds at both conditions. RPE was statistically significantly different at 2.68 m·s-1 between the weighted conditions, F (1,15) = 6.505, p \u3c .05, partial η 2 = .303. The remaining variables did not have significant interactions between speed and weighted condition. CONCLUSION: The NW condition had slightly lower means than the AKW for metabolic and RPE data. Electromyography results did not show a large difference in muscle activity between the NW and AKW conditions. The most notable differences occurred at the running speed for the vastus medialis. It was concluded that the addition of ankle weights had a small effect on increasing metabolic response, rating of perceived exertion, and muscle activity but not enough to substantially increase exercise intensity of walking or running while in LBPP. This practice may be applied to those using the AlterG® that are not confident enough to raise body weight closer to 100%, but want to increase intensity via rating of perceived exertion

Designing Surveys on Youth Immigration Reform: Lessons from the 2016 CCES Anomaly

Even with clear advantages to using internet based survey research, there are still some uncertainties to which survey methods are most conducive to an online platform. Most survey method literature, whether focusing on online, telephone, or in-person formats, tend to observe little to no differences between using various survey modes and survey results. Despite this, there is little research focused on the interaction effect between survey formatting, in terms of design and framing, and public opinion on social issues, specifically child immigration policies - a recent topic of popular debate. This paper examines an anomalous result found within the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) public opinion immigration question focusing on a DACA-related policy, where support was evenly split on the typically highly favored policy. To decipher the unprecedented result, an experimental survey design was conducted via Qualtrics by comparing various survey formats (single-style, forced choice, Likert scale) and inclusionary policy details to the original CCES “select all that apply” matrix style. By comparing the experimental polls, the results indicated that the “select all that apply” matrix again produced anomalous results, while the various other methods produced a breakdown similar to typical DACA-related polling data. These findings have necessary implications for future survey designs and those examining public opinion on child immigration policies

Correlates of Help-Seeking Following Stalking Victimization: A Study of College Women

The current study explored factors related to college women’s coping processes associated with stalking using an online survey methodology. Results (N= 305 college women reporting stalking victimization within the last three years) showed that 85% of women disclosed their stalking experiences most commonly to female friends. Additionally, women used a variety of coping mechanisms in response to their stalking victimization; although avoiding thinking about or acting on the stalking experience were the most common strategies, victims rated direct forms of coping as more effective in deterring the stalking behavior. Women’s coping responses to stalking were related to a number of personal (e.g., hypergender ideologies), relational (e.g., social support), and assault characteristic (e.g., stalking frequency, self-blame) variables. These data underscore the importance of programs and services aimed towards supporting survivors’ coping from stalking victimization

Exploring the Motivations and Perceptions of First-Generation Doctoral Students Abstract

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are words that spark the attention of the public and private sectors alike. Institutions such as universities, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations are taking the initiative to challenge conventional attitudes and foster equity within their communities. Academia is one discipline that is experiencing a significant shift towards increased diversity and inclusion, but much work is needed to further promote equity. Disparities in education are among the most significant factors that impact long-term success. Beginning in primary school, children who are not afforded quality education are placed at a lifelong academic disadvantage. They are also less likely to come from families of college graduates; therefore, it is questionable if they receive adequate guidance on options following high school. Furthermore, these students are less likely to pursue college education, and those that do are faced with obstacles that often plague first-generation students. The purpose of this study is to explore the motivations and perceptions of first-generation doctoral students – students who are the first in their immediate families to pursue doctoral degrees. The study allows researchers to analyze trends in motivations and perceptions of first-generation doctoral students to examine the equitability of doctoral education from the student perspective. A social constructivist case study of first-generation doctoral students at a large research university in Hampton Roads was used as the foundation for this project. Four students participated in the focus group, and a semi-structured interview style was used. The researcher found that professional, familial, and personal motivations and competing self (internal) and social (external) perceptions most affected participants’ doctoral experiences. This study presents preliminary findings on research in an emergent area; the researcher’s next steps include collecting survey data and developing an academic equity lens tool.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gradposters2020_business/1002/thumbnail.jp

The Mineralogy, Paragenesis, and Alteration of the Camino Rojo Deposit, Zacatecas, Mexico

ABSTRACTThe Camino Rojo Zn-Pb-Ag-Au deposit, located in north-central Mexico, has characteristics of intermediate to low sulfidation epithermal deposits, skarns, and carbonate replacement deposits. Mineralization is hosted in sulfide-rich vein networks and manto-style replacements within calcareous, Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. U-Pb and fission track dating of zircon grains from a mineralized dike constrained the maximum age of the deposit to about 73Ma. Primary sulfides at the deposit include pyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, galena, marcasite, chalcopyrite, electrum, acanthite, pyrargyrite, and tennantite-tetrahedrite. The deposit veins and manto replacement bodies are composed of massive-textured, intergranular sulfides and are concentrated in the carbonaceous siltstone and sandstone of the Caracol Formation. Disseminated sulfides commonly spread outward along bedding planes. Gangue mineralogy includes calcite and potassium feldspar, with lesser amounts of quartz, sericite, and fluorite. Two stages of mineralization were identified using optical petrography. Stage 1 mineralization consists of extensive pyrite-sphalerite-arsenopyrite-galena- chalcopyrite deposited as veins and mantos. Stage 2 mineralization was further divided into two parts: (2a) includes electrum± galena± chalcopyrite± acanthite filling fractures within stage 1 sulfides; and (2b) includes calcite, galena, pyrargyrite, acanthite, and argentiferous tennantite-tetrahedrite within veins which can cross-cut stage 1 mineralization. Over 80% of the electrum at the deposit formed during Stage 2a. Stage 2a and 2b have not been observed to be temporally or spatially associated. Three alteration events were recognized at Camino Rojo. First, early potassic metasomatism and decarbonization bleached and hardened the sedimentary host rocks through K-feldspar flooding of the host matrix. Second, an ore-stage calcite -sericite± pyrite ± quartz alteration overprinted the potassic metasomatism. The final alteration stage is characterized by late calcite dissemination and multiple generations of cross-cutting calcite veins and veinlets. Hornfels texture within the host rocks indicates proximity to a deeper intrusion. Skarn formed within the limestone units underlying the bulk of deposit mineralization. The Camino Rojo deposit is likely part of a larger porphyry system, and the veining and manto replacement which host mineralization may be a transition between distal skarn and the epithermal environment

Buried within the abbey walls: paleopathological examination of leprosy frequencies of a rural monastic population in medieval Denmark

In paleopathology, few other diseases have received more attention than leprosy and studies of skeletal remains from medieval Denmark have primarily focused on urban and leprosarium cemeteries in order to construct diagnostic criteria and disease frequencies of past communities. This project presents data from the rural monastic site of Øm Kloster in the Central Jutland region of Denmark in order to establish disease frequencies between demographic subgroups and general disease prevalence in a regionally representative site. With a sample of 311 adult individuals, cranial and postcranial diagnostic criteria were utilized in order to determine the presence or absence of leprosy on individual skeletons. Each individual was analyzed and categorized by sex, age group, and social status based on burial location and this data was used to yield results on the demographic makeup of the sample and disease frequencies. Lastly, chi-square tests of independence were conducted to determine if there were statistically significant relationships between sex, age, social status, and leprosy. The results indicated that there were no statically strong relationships between these variables; however, it was evident that disease prevalence did increase with age and that there were significantly more males and lay people with leprotic lesions than females and high status individuals. The results suggested that each individual had most likely carried the bacterium, but that there were no significant numbers of individuals affected at any one time. Lastly, the results from the Øm Kloster analysis were compared to those of the rural village cemetery at Tirup and were found to be compatible. Ultimately, this study reflects that disease may have been much more prevalent than was osteologically visible and that this rural community illustrated comparable data with other regional sites. This study shows that lesion frequencies do present evidence to determine general disease prevalence in past populations and to gain data on the overall health of a regionally representative, non-leprosarium cemetery site

Leadership Experiences in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Student Perspective

Registered nursing is a profession which recognizes that all nurses should demonstrate leadership skills within their various roles. Leadership is vital at all levels of health organizations to provide positive outcomes for not only clients, but also to achieve positive results for interdisciplinary teams, and larger societal systems to which health care is intricately connected. Nursing leadership and management are two distinct concepts that are often misunderstood by undergraduate nursing students. The purpose of our paper is to emphasize that leadership in nursing must be fostered beginning at the undergraduate level. In addition to providing leadership education in the clinical realm, it is also important for nursing professors to provide the undergraduate students with learning experiences on this topic outside of their formalized studies, by facilitating their involvement in leadership activities associated with nursing organizations and research