Using Blockchain Technology in Smart Life Applications

مقدمة: Blockchain هي قاعدة بيانات يتم تخزينها بترتيب زمني بطريقة آمنة ومستقرة. كانت Bitcoin هي التطبيق الأولي لتقنية Blockchain ، ولكن نظرًا لفوائدها من حيث الأمان والخصوصية والتحكم الذاتي ، فقد تم اعتمادها منذ ذلك الحين من قبل مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات. يتم إنشاء تقنية Blockchain عن طريق ربط الكتل معًا بشكل مشفر. نظرًا لأن كل كتلة تحتوي على كلٍ من التجزئة الخاصة بها وتجزئة الكتلة السابقة لها ، فلا يمكن لأي شخص خارجي كسر السلسلة. تُستخدم تقنية Blockchain ضمن مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات ، بما في ذلك الصناعية والتجارية والأمنية وسلسلة التوريد وإنترنت الأشياء وغيرها. هذا لأنه يتميز بمزايا التحكم في البيانات وتنظيمها وتخزينها. الغرض من هذه المقالة هو سرد بعض التطبيقات ومجالات التطوير الخاصة بـ Blockchain.   طرق العمل: في تقنية Blockchain ، يعد الأمان والاستقرار (الثبات) واللامركزية من بين الأشياء المهمة التي تجعل هذه التقنية مفيدة في مختلف مجالات الحياة التي تخدم المستخدم. تم استخدام هذه المزايا لحل العديد من المشكلات التي تواجه الشبكة ، بما في ذلك المشكلات المتعلقة بالإنتاجية ووقت المعالجة وقابلية التوسع. تم استخدام طرق مختلفة في الحل ، بما في ذلك العمل على تغيير هيكل الشبكة ، واختيار عقدة أساسية (المدير) ، والتعدين الموازي ، والتنافس مع عمال المناجم الآخرين. الاستنتاجات: ازداد الميل إلى استخدام تقنية Blockchain في العديد من المجالات ، بما في ذلك المالية والزراعية والتجارية والصحية وإنترنت الأشياء وغيرها ، نظرًا لمزاياها ، بما في ذلك اللامركزية والتوزيع والموثوقية والاستقرار. هناك اتجاهات أخرى عملت على تطوير أداء وكفاءة وأمان نظام Blockchain نفسه في إنترنت الأشياء والرعاية الصحية وسلسلة التوريد والقطاع المصرفي والتسويق الرقمي بالإضافة إلى الدراسات التي تشمل تحسين الكفاءة والأمان وتطوير النظام.Background: Materials and Methods:      In Blockchain technology, security, stability (immutability), and decentralization are among the important things that make this technology useful in various areas of life that serve the user. These advantages were used to solve many problems facing the network, including those of productivity, processing time, and scalability. Various methods were used in the solution, including working on a change in the network structure, choosing a basic node (the manager), parallel mining, and competing with other miners. Results:     Through recent studies, it has been shown that the Blockchain technology has been used in various fields, as it is characterized by many advantages, the most important of which are security, decentralization, and stability. Because of these advantages, it outperforms other technologies. Conclusion:     Due to its advantages, the tendency to use blockchain technology has increased in many fields, including financial, agricultural, commercial, health, the Internet of Things, and others. It includes decentralization, distribution, reliability, and stability. There are other trends that have worked to improve the performance, efficiency, and security of the blockchain system itself, In the Internet of Things, healthcare, supply chain management, the banking sector, and digital marketing In addition to studies that include improving the efficiency, security, and development of the system

ON DIRECT PRODUCT pure − 1 − 2 − 3 SUBGROUPS IN ABELIAN GROUP Gn×Gm

In this paper, we shall define new subgroups which are called pure−1−2−3 in abelian groups Gn×Gm for all n,m∈N which are a family of pure subgroups. In[1],[2]H.M.A.Abdullah  gave the some general properties of pure− 1−2−3 in abelian group G, but here, we shall prove more than properties on this subgroups in ModGn×Gm, which are not valid for pure subgroups

Antimycobacterial mechanism of vanillin involves disruption of cell-surface integrity, virulence attributes, and iron homeostasis

AbstractObjective/BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat, claiming one-third of the population annually. The ever increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is the major impediment to effective anti-TB therapy. Under such circumstances, deciphering the antimycobacterial potential of natural compounds has gained considerable prominence. This study evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of vanillin (Van), a natural food-flavoring agent and preservative, along with its potential mechanisms of action.MethodsDrug susceptibilities were performed using broth microdilution, spot, and filter-disc assays. Membrane damage was studied by nitrocefin hydrolysis and electron microscopy. Virulence attributes were assessed by biofilm formation and cell adherence. Iron availability was estimated by enzymatic (ferroxidase) assay.ResultsWe found that the antimycobacterial activity of Van against Mycobacterium smegmatis (a surrogate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is 125μg/mL. Additionally, we observed disruption of membrane homeostasis in the presence of Van, as revealed by enhanced membrane permeability and transmission electron microscopy images showing a disturbed cell envelope. Concomitant with our findings, we also observed that Van leads to enhanced drug susceptibility to membrane targeting known anti-TB drugs. Furthermore, Van affects significant virulence traits of Mycobacterium by inhibiting biofilm formation and cell adhesion. Finally, we observed that Van disrupted iron homeostasis as displayed by hypersensitivity to iron deprivation.ConclusionThe results established for the first time that Van could be an effective antimycobacterial agent that could be exploited further in treating mycobacterial infections

Experimental Study for the Effect of Pre-Cooling the Condenser Inlet Air of Split Type Air Conditioning Unit

The reduction of electric power consumption is considered to be a critical issue especially in the areas with elevated temperatures such as Iraq. In Basra city, the electric power consumption due to the air conditioning units (ACU) is so high. In this work, an evaporative cooling unit (ECU) is fabricated and tested where it is retrofitted with the condenser part of a split-type air conditioner. The experimental procedure was done in Basra engineering technical college located in west of Basra city. The present work is categorized in two cases. In case one, the system runs without using the ECU, while in case two the system is tested with ECU. The obtained results show that decreasing the inlet air temperature to the condenser will drop off the condensation and evaporation temperatures. Besides, it decreases the compression pressure ratio and increases the refrigerant mass flow rate. With this modification, it is found that the consumption power is decreased by 26% and COP increased by 90% compared with case one. The second law analysis of the modified system shows that using ECU will decrease most the exergy destruction and losses in the components. Only exergy destruction in the evaporator is increased. The system second law efficiency is improved by 69.5%

Therapeutic Potential of Dietary Phenolic Acids

Although modern lifestyle has eased the quality of human life, this lifestyle’s related patterns have imparted negative effects on health to acquire multiple diseases. Many synthetic drugs are invented during the last millennium but most if not all of them possess several side effects and proved to be costly. Convincing evidences have established the premise that the phytotherapeutic potential of natural compounds and need of search for novel drugs from natural sources are of high priority. Phenolic acids (PAs) are a class of secondary metabolites spread throughout the plant kingdom and generally involved in plethora of cellular processes involved in plant growth and reproduction and also produced as defense mechanism to sustain various environmental stresses. Extensive research on PAs strongly suggests that consumption of these compounds hold promise to offer protection against various ailments in humans. This paper focuses on the naturally derived PAs and summarizes the action mechanisms of these compounds during disease conditions. Based on the available information in the literature, it is suggested that use of PAs as drugs is very promising; however more research and clinical trials are necessary before these bioactive molecules can be made for treatment. Finally this review provides greater awareness of the promise that natural PAs hold for use in the disease prevention and therapy

Antimicrobial potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): a green tea polyphenol

Abstract: The compounding problem of microbial resistance has become a global threat nowadays and demands urgent attention. Given the limited number of clinically proven drugs available, reversion towards compounds from natural resources have become renewed source of interest. Utilization of novel and potent antimicrobial agents with different targets can act as accessories to antibiotic therapy. Considerable amount of research has been conducted on the various advantages of secondary metabolites produced by different plants. Among these, polyphenols have come into sight over the past few decades as a potential source to promote human health. This article summarizes the various health benefits of EGCG, the major component of green tea polyphenols with more emphasis on the anti-microbial properties of EGCG

Calcineurin signaling and membrane lipid homeostasis regulates iron mediated multidrug resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans

We previously demonstrated that iron deprivation enhances drug susceptibility of Candida albicans by increasing membrane fluidity which correlated with the lower expression of ERG11 transcript and ergosterol levels. The iron restriction dependent membrane perturbations led to an increase in passive diffusion and drug susceptibility. The mechanisms underlying iron homeostasis and multidrug resistance (MDR), however, are not yet resolved. To evaluate the potential mechanisms, we used whole genome transcriptome and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) based lipidome analyses of iron deprived Candida cells to examine the new cellular circuitry of the MDR of this pathogen. Our transcriptome data revealed a link between calcineurin signaling and iron homeostasis. Among the several categories of iron deprivation responsive genes, the down regulation of calcineurin signaling genes including HSP90, CMP1 and CRZ1 was noteworthy. Interestingly, iron deprived Candida cells as well as iron acquisition defective mutants phenocopied molecular chaperone HSP90 and calcineurin mutants and thus were sensitive to alkaline pH, salinity and membrane perturbations. In contrast, sensitivity to above stresses did not change in iron deprived DSY2146 strain with a hyperactive allele of calcineurin. Although, iron deprivation phenocopied compromised HSP90 and calcineurin, it was independent of protein kinase C signaling cascade. Notably, the phenotypes associated with iron deprivation in genetically impaired calcineurin and HSP90 could be reversed with iron supplementation. The observed down regulation of ergosterol (ERG1, ERG2, ERG11 and ERG25) and sphingolipid biosynthesis (AUR1 and SCS7) genes followed by lipidome analysis confirmed that iron deprivation not only disrupted ergosterol biosynthesis, but it also affected sphingolipid homeostasis in Candida cells. These lipid compositional changes suggested extensive remodeling of the membranes in iron deprived Candida cells. Taken together, our data provide the first novel insight into the intricate relationship between cellular iron, calcineurin signaling, membrane lipid homeostasis and drug susceptibility of Candida cells

Implement DNN technology by using wireless sensor network system based on IOT applications

The smart Internet of Things-based system suggested in this research intends to increase network and application accuracy by controlling and monitoring the network. This is a deep learning network. The invisible layer's structure permits it to learn more. Improved quality of service supplied by each sensor node thanks to element-modified deep learning and network buffer capacity management. A customized deep learning technique can be used to train a system that can focus better on tasks. The researchers were able to implement wireless sensor calculations with 98.68 percent precision and the fastest execution time. With a sensor-based system and a short execution time, this article detects and classifies the proxy with 99.21 percent accuracy. However, we were able to accurately detect and classify intrusions and real-time proxy types in this study, which is a significant improvement over previous research

Cellular energy status is indispensable for perillyl alcohol mediated abrogated membrane transport in Candida albicans

The prevalence of fungal infections and their resistance patterns in fungal isolates from large number of patients with impaired immunity still remains poorly monitored. In spite of significant advances being made in the improvement of antifungal drugs, only a limited number of antifungal drugs are currently available. The present study aimed to gain further mechanistic insights into the previously described anticandidal activity of natural monoterpenoid, perillyl alcohol (PA). We found that cellular transport across cell membrane was abrogated in presence of PA. This was demonstrated by dose and time dependent enhanced cellular leakage accompanied by inhibited sodium and potassium cellular transport. In addition, we found disrupted pH homeostasis which was depicted by enhanced extracellular pH. We further observed that mitochondrial energy status is highly integrated with the antifungal activity of PA. This was evident from inhibited propidium iodide (PI) uptake in presence of sodium azide and di-nitro phenol (DNP) which showed no fluorescence when treated with PA. Moreover, we observed that PA leads to disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. Additional cell death hallmarks in response to PA such as nuclear fragmentation was also observed with 4\u27,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Taken together, PA is a novel candidate that deserves further attention to be exploited as effective antifungal agent of pharmacological interest