Magnetic resonance coupling for 5G WPT applications

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) is the most popular and common technology for the resonance coupling power transfer. However, in 2007 it has experimentally demonstrated by a research group from Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT) that WPT can be improved by using Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) in terms of the coupling distance and efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band which are ranging from 3~300 GHz frequency band, the next 5G generations of wireless networks will be able to support a higher number of devices with the increasing data rate, higher energy efficiency and also compatible with the previous technology. In this work, a square planar inductor with the dimension of 6.1 x 6.1 mm is designed, and the resonators have the same self-resonance frequency at 14 GHz. The coil resonators have been laid on Silicon and Oxide substrate to reduce the loss in the design. From the CST software simulation and the analytical model in MATLAB software, it has been shown that the MRC WPT design has improved the performance of IWPT design by 40% power transfer efficiency. MRC WPT design also has larger H-Field value which is 705.5 A/m, as compared to the IWPT design which has only 285.6 A/m when both Transmitter(Tx) and Reciever(RX) is at 0.3 mm coupling distance

PREDICTION OF LIFE EXPECTANCY FOR ASIAN POPULATION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

Predicting life expectancy has become more important nowadays as life has become more vulnerable due to many factors, including social, economic, environmental, education, lifestyle, and health condition. A lot of studies on life expectancy have been carried out. However, studies focusing on the Asian population are limited. This study presents machine learning algorithms for life expectancy based on the Asian population dataset. Comparisons are made between tree classifier models, namely, J48, Random Tree, and Random Forest. Cross validations with 10 and 20 folds are used. Results show that the highest accuracy is obtained with Random Forest with 84% accuracy with 10-fold cross-validation. This study further identifies the most significant factors that influence life expectancy prediction, which includes socioeconomic factors and educational status, health conditions and infectious disease

5G magnetic resonance coupling planar spiral coil wireless power transfer

Wireless Power Transfer in the 5G frequency band is the most promising technology to power up ubiquitous small electronic devices as well as IoT devices. A strongly coupled magnetic resonanceWPT technique that focuses on near-field electromagnetic energy has been proposed in this paper. However, most Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) applications have been designed in kHz and MHz frequency spectrum. This paper demonstrates Planar Spiral Coil Magnetic Resonance Coupling (PSC MRC) WPT designs at 5G (GHz) frequencies. Also, the transformation technique of the low frequency (kHz and MHz) magnetic resonance circuit model equations to high frequency (GHz) circuit model equations to achieve ahigh-efficiency power transfer. PSC MRC WPT designs structure antennas are designed at 3.4-3.5 GHz in the form of circular and square shapes with 1turn coil.The proposed antenna structures are firstly being optimized in a full-wave electromagnetic simulator, CST Microwave Studio to resonate at the 3.4-3.5 GHz band. Then, the close-loop equations to determine the efficiency of 5G Magnetic Resonance Coupling Planar Spiral Coil Wireless Power Transfer is designed. Lastly, the results are compared with the simulationand calculated parts. The highest efficiency of the PSC MRC circular antenna is 31.58 when the distance is at 2 mm, and 31.26 and 31.02 when the distance is at 3 and 4 mm, respectively.The efficiency of circular PSC MRC is found to be25better than the efficiency of square shape design

Highly efficient magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transfer for 5G applications

This thesis reviewed the existing technology of the WPT system. Most Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) applications have been designed in kHz and MHz frequency spectrum. The International telecommunication Union has declared the following spectrum for 5G communication, and the spectrum range is; 3.4-3.6 GHz, 5-6 GHz, 24.25-27.5 GHz, 37-40.5 GHz, and 66-76 GHz frequency bands. The proposed design is first analyzed theoretically in MATLAB to realize the highly efficient MRC WPT at GHz frequency band. The Planar Spiral Coil Magnetic Resonance Coupling (PSC MRC) Antennas are designed at 3.4-3.5 GHz, and 5-6 GHz frequency band for the Circular and Square shapes with one, two and three turns. The PSC MRC Antennas circumference is designed to the one-wavelength loop λ. The Antenna will resonate when C is slightly larger than λ. The mutual coupling M has been calculated as the mutual coupling is crucial in determining the efficiency of the MRC WPT system,. and the From the results, the PSC MRC Circular one-turn of 3.4- 3.5 GHz has the best mutual coupling, M at the distance of 0 to 20 mm. while the PSC MRC of square two-turns is the highest mutual coupling, M when the distance is more than 20 mm amongst the other PSC MRC designs. Also, the theoretical efficiency of the proposed PSC MRC Antennas is also calculated in MATLAB. For the 3.4-3.5 GHz designed, theoretically, the PSCMRC Circular's efficiency is better than the PSC MRC Square design's efficiency. For the 5-6 GHz PSC MRC design, the Square-one-turn has the highest efficiency than the Circular one-turn designs. Next, all the designs have been simulated in the CST software to compare with the theoretical results. The PSC MRC Antennas are modelled on the FR4 substrate with thickness and copper thickness of 0.6 mm and 0.035 mm, respectively, in the CST Software. The parametric evaluation has been done in CST software to find the best performance of S11 (dB) and SRF (GHz) of the proposed PSC MRC Antenna designs to be working at a 5G frequency band. The return loss S11 of each design needs to be below -10 dB to improve the efficiency of the MRC WPT system. In conclusion, all the PSC MRC Antenna for the circular and square designs at 3.4-3.5 GHz and 5-6 GHz are designed to be operated below -10 dB of return loss S11. Finally, the Circular PSC MRC Antenna one-turn, two-turns, three-turns at 3.4-3.5 GHz and Circular one-turn PSC MRC Antenna 5-6 GHz are fabricated because they gave the best results when comparing with the theoretical and simulation results. The measurements results are compared with the simulated and the theoretical results to analyzed the efficiency performance with the distance,d. From the measurement results, the highest efficiency for the proposed PSC MRC Antenna design is the Circular one-turn PSC MRC Antenna at 3.4-3.5 GHz. The PSC MRC antenna's efficiency is 31.58 % when the distance is 2 mm, 31.26% and 31.02% when the distance is 3 mm and 4 mm, respectively. It can be concluded that, previously, most PSC MRC Antenna designs are only used for short-distance low frequency and CMOS applications. Strong near-field PSC MRC antenna structures are designed at a 5G frequency band has been obtained, which offers overall efficiency higher than 20%, close to 7 mm distance by generating an intense magnetic field around the loop coil antenna. The efficiency in CMOS applications is also lower than 20%

Impulsive noise effects on DWT-OFDM versus FFT-OFDM

A performance study on wavelet-based OFDM, particularly using DWT OFDM as substitutions for Fourier-based OFDM with the focus on impulse noise effects is demonstrated. The models of the inverse and forward transforms are discussed. The details about each model and study the BER performance in two scenarios when varying the Poisson recurrence parameter a from small to large are also included. The wavelet-based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) is assumed to have orthonormal bases and perfect reconstruction properties. Results show that a large value of a limits the impact of impulsive noise on the system. Comparisons of impulsive noises in terms of BER for both OFDM platforms are also demonstrated

Towards an Enterprise Architecture for Healthcare System and Information Technology: State of the Art and Future Trends

Enterprise architecture (EA) integrates and develops organisational components for strategic planning. It helps define IT component linkages and engage paramedical workers in healthcare. It also creates the greatest healthcare enterprise architectural framework. Commonly, the senior management must grasp enterprise architecture to choose a business-IT-aligned organisation. The study examines healthcare organisations’ EA adoption issues before, during, and after. To fix these difficulties and streamline the process. The report recommends healthcare EA implementation. To improve implementation, these principles streamline processes, stimulate collaboration, and improve patient outcomes. EA boosts healthcare performance, but IT-human interaction must be reviewed. The healthcare businesses must overcome challenges to deploy smoothly and achieve great results

Empowering decision-making in cardiovascular care: Exploratory data analysis and predictive models for heart attack risk

Acute myocardial infarction, commonly referred to as a heart attack, stands as one of the most lethal medical conditions, highlighting the pressing necessity for the effective management of cardiovascular disease. This involves conducting comprehensive data analysis and extracting knowledge essential for diagnosis, regulation, and treatment. Anticipating the occurrence of heart attacks presents a formidable challenge for healthcare professionals, given the intricate nature of the condition that demands both experience and a profound understanding. In the contemporary landscape of medicine, the concealed data landscape conceals invaluable insights that can significantly shape critical decision-making processes. In this research endeavor, a dataset comprising patient records is harnessed to predict an individual’s vulnerability to heart attacks. Advanced data visualization techniques are employed to identify pivotal trends and outliers, facilitating the extraction of meaningful and actionable conclusions. This study involves the development of three classifier models for heart attack prediction: Logistic Regression, K Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector model

Exploring salary trends in data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning: A comprehensive analysis

The rapid advancement of Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning has created a dynamic job market. In line with other professions, salaries are provided as a means of compensating professionals for their work. However, it is evident from previous research that salary levels vary across different job fields, as each field contributes uniquely to its respective domain. The magnitude of this contribution directly influences the salary structure within a field. To shed light on this phenomenon, this data analysis project aims to examine the salaries dataset. The project’s objective is to identify the factors that influence salary levels in these fields through comprehensive analysis. By exploring these trends, we can gain insights into the continued value of these fields in the coming years

Empowering smart city governance through decentralized blockchain solutions for security and privacy in IoT communications

This paper highlights the benefits and challenges of smart cities, which leverage technology to offer a wide range of services to citizens. While these services have the potential to greatly improve the quality of life in metropolitan areas, they also raise significant privacy and security concerns. The study emphasizes the need to employ "privacy by design" principles to ensure that personal data is protected throughout the entire lifecycle of data, and data owners have the self-control to manage their data according to their preferences. Smart contracts, built on blockchain technology,offer a secure and transparent way of conducting transactions, particularly in e-governance, and automating processes. By leveraging these technologies, smart cities can address the privacy and security challenges they face while continuing to offer cutting-edge services to their inhabitants. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of a proactive approach to privacy and security in the development and implementation of smart cities

Converging for Security: Blockchain, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence - Why Not Together?

Blockchain, renowned for its decentralized and secure nature, and Artificial Intelligence, the pinnacle of machine intelligence, stand as pillars of innovation. However, despite the recognition of their few successful collaborations, the interrelation among these triumvirates - Internet-of-Things (IoT), Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) - still remains relatively unexplored terrain. Issues arise regarding their synergy: the challenges of integration, the potential improvements in existing technologies, and the careful consideration required before their unification. While evidence suggests their individual prowess, understanding their convergence and the implications thereof is crucial for shaping a technologically robust future. This paper delves into the complex interplay between IoT, Blockchain, and AI, navigating their relationship and exploring opportunities for enhancement. In addition, this paper will also look into several challenges and complexities hindering seamless integration