106 research outputs found
Criminal Accountability Against Illegal Civil Servant Salary Receipt in Criminal Acts of Corruption
The current study draws attention to analyze the right to salary of Civil Servant (PNS) undergoing legal proceedings and to analyze the qualifications of criminal act of corruption within the scope of the State Civil Apparatus. This study was an empirical legal research. The findings showed that the right to salary and benefits of Civil Servant undergoing legal proceedings was regulated in Article 281 of Law No. 11 of 2017 concerning Management of Civil State Apparatus that Civil Servant who were temporary dismissed due to detention of a suspect shall not be entitled to receive salary, but shall receive temporary dismissal pay. The amount of temporary dismissal pay is 50% (fifty percent) of the last salary as civil servant before being temporary dismissed in accordance with the laws and regulations. Temporary dismissal pay shall be received in the following month since the stipulation the temporary dismissal. On this basis, a comprehensive regulation is needed relating to supervisory oversight mechanism who made an omission against her subordinate civil servants who have committed disciplinary violations, especially those who were suspected of committing criminal act
Corruption Crime in Lending to the Government Banks: A Challenge in Criminal Law
Banks provide a substantial proportion of external finance to corporations around the globe. Non-Performing Loans (NPL) occur if the bank's confidence through a credit breaker, which is institutional in nature, is not realized that (prospective) debtors are able to repay loans and interest, after the loan or when loan is given. Type of the research is a normative legal research (doctrinal research). The results of the research show that in terms of analyzing credit applications from prospective debtors, Bank Officials must always apply the Directors' Decree regarding the Credit Guidebook. As it turns out in practice, however, it has certain weaknesses, particularly in view of the accountability and legitimacy aspects of its establishment. Hence, widespread expansion in credit, causing banks to provide convenience and caution in the process of granting credit to debtors, by not applying strictly the prudential banking principles when analyzing the credit requested. The effort that must be made by government banks in lending is by applying the prudent principle and the principles of good governance to avoid risks in returning credit from creditors. Immediately resolve and enforce statutory provisions concerning restrictions on currency transactions, to avoid misuse of the authority of bank officials in lending to debtors. Keywords: Bank; Corruption Crime; Criminal Law; Credi
Clinical relevance of Salmonella enterica isolated from water and food in Eritrea
A total of 94 Salmonella isolates were collected from three catchments areas in Eritrea. These isolates were recovered from clinical and environmental sources. Biochemical tests using gelatin hydrolysis and tartrate utilization test were employed to differentiate between Salmonellasubspecies. All Salmonellaisolates were identified as Salmonellasubspecies I and were then subjected to molecular characterization. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed to identify and establish possible relationships between the clinical isolates and environmental sources. Two sets of oligonucleotide primers specific for genes from S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were used for the PCR reaction. Of the 94 Salmonellaisolates characterized only 6 were S. Typhimurium strains. To type the Salmonellaisolates AFLP was used. Clustering the AFLP patterns using the un-weighed pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) revealed 15 clusters. Of the 94 Salmonellaisolates collected, 48 (51%) strains were serologically identified. These serotypes include, 21 SalmonellaEmek (43.7%), 19 SalmonellaHeidelberg (39.5%), 7 of the 13, 22, 23; z undetermined serotype (14.5%), and 2 SalmonellaTyphimurium strains (4.1%). The AFLP data in the present study indicated a possible relationship between the clinical isolates and those obtained from environmental sources.Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.Microbiology and Plant Pathologyunrestricte
The Implementation of Legal Protection of Street Children’ Education Right
Children are major foundation in sustainable nation-building. Physical development that is not balanced with nation’ moral development will result in the destruction of the order of life within society itself. The type of research is a legal-research to examine legal concepts related to legal protection of street children’ education rights in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, precisely in Makassar, Pare-Pare, and Palopo. The results show that the legal provisions on the street children’s rights protection are the legal provisions both at the level of provincial and district/city regulations that governing protection, survival, development, caring, welfare, education, physical health, social moral and mental-spiritual. The responsibility of protecting the street children’ education right that the responsibility of the government, provincial government, district/city government, and the obligations of parents, families, and communities and countries. Ideally, the legal provisions for the children education have a good regulatory harmony at the level of regulation as issued by the whole government level. Good provisions in terms of responsibility, to the involvement of the community in the management of education based on the basic norm (grundnorm) of the Republic Indonesia. Keywords: Children, Education, Legal Protection, Constitutional Rights
The Influence of Forced Convective Heat Transfer on Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Heat Exchanger with Elliptical Corrugated Tubes: Numerical Analyses and Optimization
The capabilities of nanofluids in boosting the heat transfer features of thermal, electrical and power electronic devices have widely been explored. The increasing need of different industries for heat exchangers with high efficiency and small dimensions has been considered by various researchers and is one of the focus topics of the present study. In the present study, forced convective heat transfer of an ethylene glycol/magnesium oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotube (EG/MgO-MWCNT) hybrid nanofluid (HNF) as single-phase flow in a heat exchanger (HE) with elliptical corrugated tubes is investigated. Three-dimensional multiphase governing equations are solved numerically using the control volume approach and a validated numerical model in good agreement with the literature. The range of Reynolds numbers (Re) 50 Re 1000 corresponds to laminar flow. Optimization is carried out by evaluation of various parameters to reach an optimal case with the maximum Nusselt number (Nu) and minimum pressure drop. The use of hybrid nanofluid results in a greater output temperature, a higher Nusselt number, and a bigger pressure drop, according to the findings. A similar pattern is obtained by increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The results indicate that the power of the pump is increased when EG/MgO-MWCNT HNFs are employed. Furthermore, the thermal entropy generation reduces, and the frictional entropy generation increases with the volume fraction of nanoparticles and Re number. The results show that frictional and thermal entropy generations intersect by increasing the Re number, indicating that frictional entropy generation can overcome other effective parameters. This study concludes that the EG/MgO-MWCNT HNF with a volume fraction (VF) of 0.4% is proposed as the best-case scenario among all those considered
Pollinators visiting sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed crop with reference to foraging activity of some bee species
A study was conducted to
determine the insect pollinator orders
visiting sesame, fluctuation percent of
Hymenopterous fauna during flowering
period, foraging activity of the pollinating
insects belonging to Hymenoptera,
Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera orders
and foraging activity of Apis mellifera,
Anthidium sp. and Xylocopa sp. from July
15 to September 4, 2011 at four time
periods i.e., 9-11 am, 11-1 pm, 1-3 pm and
3-5 pm. Results revealed that insect
percentage of Hymenoptera order was high
followed by Lepidoptera, Diptera and
Coleoptera. The highest activity of
Hymenopterous fauna was in fourth week of
flowering period and decreased gradually in
the last weeks. Total number of pollinators
was highest at 9-11 am followed by that at
11-1 pm, 1-3 pm and 3-5 pm. Among the
bees, the number of Apis mellifera was the
maximum followed by Xylocopa sp. and
lastly Anthidium sp. at all time periods. It
was also evident that temperature, wind and
relative humidity also affect the percentage
of insects visiting sesame flowers
Effects of salicylic acid elicitor and potassium fertilizer as foliar spray on canola production in the reclaimed land in Ismailia governorate, Egypt
A field experiment was
conducted at the farm of Faculty of
Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia
Governorate, Egypt, during 2013/’14 and
2014/’15 seasons, to determine the effects
of salicylic acid elicitor (SA) and potassium
fertilizer (K) as foliar spray on canola
production in the reclaimed land. Canola
plants were sprayed with three rates of K
and SA separately and together. The
concentrations of SA with a surfactant
triton 0.1% and concentrations of K sprayed
after 30 days of sowing by one week
interval for three times using hydraulic
sprayer. Results indicated that K and SA
provided good nutrition and resistance for
pathogens, enhanced plant height (cm),
number of branches/ plant, fruiting zone
(cm), seed yield/ plant (g), seed yield/ fed
and oil percentage of canola cultivar
(Serw 4) in the reclaimed land. K and SA
separately or in combination at the rate of
(6.0 cm-1 + 300 mg-1 SA) provided the best
nutrition for enhancing resistance of plants
against biotic and a biotic factors,
consequently, enhancing vegetative growth
and yield production during seasons of
study 2013/’14 and 2014/’15
New horizons in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the spine : the role of whole genome sequencing
STUDY DESIGN : Prospective study.
PURPOSE : To evaluate the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in drug resistance testing, lineage of the organisms, and organism-related factors responsible for bacilli settling in the spine.
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE : The workstream for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) involves isolation and culture of the organism and drug resistance testing using phenotypic methods. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is a genetic-based method that detects for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in the rpoB gene. Meanwhile, WGS is a newer genetic-based method that assesses the whole genome of the bacterium. Very few studies have reported the use of WGS for extrapulmonary TB. Herein, we used WGS to diagnose spinal TB.
METHODS : Tissues from 61 patients undergoing surgery for spinal TB underwent histologic examination, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and culture and sensitivity testing. DNA from the cultured bacteria was sent for WGS. The test bacterial genome was compared to a reference strain of pulmonary TB.
RESULTS : Acid-fast bacilli were observed in 9/58 specimens. Meanwhile, histology confirmed TB in all the patients. Bacilli were cultured in 28 patients (48.3%), and the average time to culture was 18.7 days. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra was positive in 47 patients (85%). WGS was performed in 23 specimens. Overall, 45% of the strains belonged to lineage 2 (East Asian). There was one case of multidrug-resistant TB and two cases of non-tuberculous mycobacteria on WGS. We could not confirm any genomic difference between pulmonary and spinal TB strains.
CONCLUSIONS : Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra of tissues or pus is the investigation of choice when diagnosing spinal TB. Meanwhile, WGS can diagnose multidrug-resistant TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria more accurately. No mutations were identified in spinal and pulmonary TB bacteria.https://asianspinejournal.orgOrthopaedic Surger
Nigeria’s fiscal health: an analysis of budget process, systems and trends [2014 – 2016]
Nigeria is an oil dependent economy which faced a lot of economic and political challenges between the periods under review, such as increased broad money supply, fall in the value of money market assets, decline in the unpaid FGN Bonds, unfavorable exchange rates, fall in oil prices, and the May 2015 general elections, amongst others. Nigeria’s fiscal stance was thus threatened, and it is in light of these that the paper, uses interactions between expenditure, revenue, debts, and deficits trends, to compute indices that capture its fiscal health. The study found that using compounded annual growth rates (CAGR), certain sectors with high CAGRs (Interior, Transport, Finance, Science & Technology, and Health) seemed to be prone to high fiscal mismanagement. Also, conservativeness in applying debt instruments are unavailable, and such measures are not tied to growth; revenue from increased taxation are not matched with requisite infrastructure; and debts are not adequately tied to capital projects, as established in Fiscal Responsibility Act. Amidst several, few recommendations are undoubtedly notable mainly; that overhead costs revealed in several line-items and are marked up should be eradicated; and huge recurrent expenditure, mainly personnel cost (about 75% of the total budget) mostly visible as remuneration “in kind” should be strictly removed from the line items and programmes at MDA level. Thus, Nigeria’s government should maintain expenditure ceilings; create solidified link between policy and budget; establish realistic fiscal targets and indicators; and allow more public participation in budget process
Analysis of the relation between ungulate species richness in East Africa and climate and remotely sensed productivity indices
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