Prevalence of Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Associated Risk Factors among Patients Attending Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the widest spread infectious diseases, is the leading cause of death in the world. TB is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the horn of Africa with Ethiopia carrying a heavy burden; it is the third most populous country in Africa. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) and its associated risk factors among TB suspected patients attending Nekemte Referral Hospital. Oromia Region State, Western,  Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted among 170 TB suspected patients attending Nekemte Referral Hospital from April 1 to May 15, 2012. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The sputum sample was collected and examined following national guide line for diagnosis of TB using direct Ziehl – Nelson staining and sodium hypochlorite concentration techniques. To collect data related to associated risk factors for PTB, pretest structured question was employed. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and described using descriptive statistic and binary logistic regression modeling. The prevalence of smear-positive PTB is 9.41% and 15.88% by direct and sodium hypochlorite concentration Ziehle-Nelson staining technique, respectively. Factors significantly associated with smear-positive PTB were level ofeducation primary (AOR=17.78) and secondary education (AOR=736.19), occupation of merchant (AOR =0.03), sex male (AOR= 0.089), marital status of married (AOR=0.26), monthly income between 500-1000 (OR 0.002), urban residence (AOR= 0.39) and having close contact history with TB patient (OR=AO.113). The prevalence of Smear positive PTB is high at the study area and it is mostly associated with soci-demographic factorsand close contact with TB patient

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Promosi, Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pmebelian Carrefour (Studi Kasus Pada Konsumen Carrefour Srondol)

Purchase decision is an act of consumers to want to buy the product or not. To be able to create a high purchasing decisions, Carrefour needs to consider factors - factors that influence purchase decisions. Quality of service, promotion, and price are the things to consider when consumers make a purchase decision.This research aimed to determine the effect of service quality, promotion, and price on purchase decisions at Carrefour simultaneously or partially. The hypothesis is there are significant quality of service, promotion, and pricing on purchasing decisions simultaneously or partially. This type of research is explanatory research with a population of 100 people Srondol Carrefour consumers. Data were collected through questionnaires with Likert scale measurement. Data analysis method used is correlation, simple and multiple linear regression using SPSS 21.This research concluded the quality of services, promotion and pricing influence on purchase decisions partially or simultan.Variabel service quality has a greater influence than promotions and price.Based on the results of this study concluded that consumer perception of quality of service, promotion, and price is fair. So companies are advised to keep increasing consumer purchasing decisions in terms of quality of service, promotion, and better pricing more in line with expectations and needs of the company, so that consumers will feel satisfied and purchasing decisions will increase

MAT-708: MONITORING THE CORROSION PROCESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLAT SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTION

The corrosion of the steel reinforcement embedded in a two-way reinforced concrete flat slab around the column stub area was investigated in this study, which aimed to studying the effect of corrosion on the shear punching behavior. Two square flat slab-column connections were cast, the flat slab dimension was 1900 mm × 1900 mm × 150 mm, and the column dimensions was 250 mm × 250 mm. A specific delaminated area was corroded around the column stub to emphasize the effect of corrosion around punching area. The corrosion reached two levels of mass loss uniformly over that specified area: 0% and 26%. Corrosion process was monitored under an accelerated corrosion technique through the application of a constant potential of fifteen volts to reach the targeted uniform corrosion level. Then, the corrode slab-column connection was loaded until failure for each slab occurred. The corrosion performance of the slab was evaluated based on the results of the current measurement, half-cell potential tests, and mass loss. The test results show that the corrosion of reinforcement rebar around the column stub in flat slab causes a significant loss in punching shear capacity and affects the structural integrity by increasing crack widths

KINEMATICS OF LOWER AND UPPER EXTREMITIES MOTIONS DURING THE FENCING LUNGE: RESULTS AND TRAINING IMPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION: The fencing lunge belongs to the type of motions mostly used in this sport: a substantial element is represented by the action speed, avoiding or reducing the possibility of a defense or counterattack action by the opponent athlete. The objectives of this study are the presentation and valuation of the actual state of the execution of the fencing lunge on the basis of quantitative aspects using data of a three-dimensional analysis of lower and upper extremity movements. METHODS: Data were obtained using an electro-optical system (SELSPOT II), yielding the spatial coordinates of different body points of interest, and, by execution of a differentiation process, the velocity parameters of these points. Four female fencers of a higher fencing level served as test persons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The interpretation of the numerical results consists at first of a description of the actual ‘state of the art’ of execution of the fencing lunge. In all test persons, the begin of the movement of hip and sword arm was registrated at the same time, the hip reaching horizontal values of about 2 m/s and the maximal foil velocity being about 4 m/s. It could be noticed the hit (measured and registrated using a wall target) coincided with the maximum speed value of the foil. Furthermore, taking into account the individual variations of the data, the possibilities of an optimization of the training technique are discussed, giving methodological hints towards a better or more effective training of the fencing lunge

Potential Damages, Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of Empoasca Terminalis Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Soybean in South Sulawesi

Plant damages caused by leafhopper, Empoasca terminalis Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on soybean were first encountered in 2007 in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The insect has been constantly associated with soybean crops in the province ever since. The purposes of the present study were to (i) evaluate potential yield loss attributable to the leafhopper in an experimental set up, (ii) seasonal abundance of E. terminalis, and (iii) distribution of E. terminalis in all major soybean-producing areas in the province. Potential yield loss due to the leafhopper was assessed in a field experiment using two large plots. One of the plots was kept leafhopper-free by weekly insecticide sprays; and the other plot was left unsprayed to allow leafhopper infestation to occur. Adult abundance was weekly monitored using a sweep net throughout the season. Nymph abundance was determined by direct count on the plant leaves. Leafhopper distribution was assessed through surveys conducted in all major soybean-producing areas in South Sulawesi, from 2009–2013. The results of the study showed that E. terminalis caused an average yield loss of 26% on susceptible crops without insecticide use. First leafhopper infestation in all planting seasons occurred two weeks after the plant emergence. Rainfall negatively correlated with the leafhopper abundance. The leafhopper existed in all major soybean production areas in the province. Therefore, our results confirmed the status of E. terminalis as an important soybean pest in the region. In addition, crops planted early in the dry season could escape from heavy leafhopper infestation

Generation of three-qubit entangled states using coupled multi-quantum dots

We discuss a mechanism for generating a maximum entangled state (GHZ) in a coupled quantum dots system, based on analytical techniques. The reliable generation of such states is crucial for implementing solid-state based quantum information schemes. The signature originates from a remarkably weak field pulse or a far off-resonance effects which could be implemented using technology that is currently being developed. The results are illustrated with an application to a specific wide-gap semiconductor quantum dots system, like Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) based quantum dots.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Illocutionary Acts of Main Characters in Dead Poet Society and Freedom Writers

This study analyzed speech acts contextualized in Dead Poet Society and Freedom Writers. This study focused on the use of illocutionary acts used by main characters in both movies. In analyzing the data, this study included content analysis. In this regard, three research questions are addressed: 1) What dominant types and functions of illocutionary acts are uttered by the main characters in certain contextual scenes in both movies? 2) What are the intended meanings of those illocutionary acts?, and 3) How frequently are the illocutionary acts used in both movies? The collected data included 97 utterances of the main character in the Dead Poet Society and 84 utterances in the Freedom Writers which contain illocutionary acts in certain scene contexts. The findings revealed that the kinds of illocutionary acts on both films consisted of five kinds: assertive (representative), directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. Moreover, the second result of the study showed that the most frequently illocutionary acts used by the main characters in both movies were suitable with its movie scene contexts. Thus, the intended meaning of the main characters are well described and understandable by the viewers. The third result showed the different percentage of the use of illocutionary acts classification expressed by the main characters in both movies. The most frequently used illocutionary in Dead Poet Society is representative (47.06%) which emphasized on informing (30.59%), and directive (45.87%) in Freedom Writers which emphasized on asking (21.10%). Pedagogically, the findings above recommend that the lecturers develop their creativity in teaching pragmatics (sociolinguistics) to improve teaching and learning process by adapting other relevant sources such as movies

Keanekaragaman Jenis Amfibi Ordo Anura di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Semahung Kecamatan Sengah Temila Kabupaten Landak Kalimantan Barat

Amphibians is one of all fauna constituent ecosystems and a part of biodiversity in aquatic habitat, terestrial and arboreal.The research aimed to determine diversity of amphibians species ordo Anura in the Gunung Semahung protected forest areas, Sengah Temila District, Landak Regency, West Borneo. This research has done on Februari 12th 2014 until Februari 30th 2014. The method used in this research is Visual Encounter Survey (VES) that combinated with track system by dividing three lines of aquatic habitats and three lines of terestrial habitats. The number of species found were 18 species from 6 family with total of 357 individual. Data analysis showed species diversity index (H) the highest value on aquatic habitats 0,957 and the lowest on terestrial habitats 0,690. For evenness index (e), the highest value on aquatic habitats 0.835 and the lowest on terestrial habitats 0,76497. And for similarity index between the aquatic and terestrial habitats by S = 0.4% that means 40% both of amphibians species in both habitats are same and 60% are different. Species abundance showed that has the highest value is Meristogenys phaeomerus by 21%. the greatest chance encounter is Meristogenys phaeomerus 2.111 individuals per hour, this species the most lots of encounter on aquatic habitat. Most amphibians that were found more likely to sit and be quiet activities and there are some who speak out and there is also a mating activity that is Meristogenys phaemerus.Keywords: Amphibians, anura, species biversity, Semahung Mountai

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and cardiac syndrome X

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: علت سندرم X قلبی (CSX) هنوز به طور کامل مشخص نمی باشد ولی احتمالاً اختلال عملکرد اندوتلیم و التهاب در پاتوژنز آن نقش مهمی بازی می کند و ممکن است بعضی عفونت ها در این فرآیند التهابی نقش داشته باشند. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط عفونت با هلیکوباکترپیلوری و سندرم X قلبی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد-شاهدی 54 بیمار با تشخیص سندرم X قلبی (گروه مورد) و 168 بیمار مراجعه کننده جهت جراحی الکتیو (گروه شاهد) در سال 1386 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. مشخصات بیماران و نوع بیماری آنان پس از تشخیص، از طریق مصاحبه با بیماران و همچنین داده های آزمایشگاهی و آنژیوگرافی جمع آوری گردید. سپس با روش ELISA تیتر آنتی بادی ضد هلیکوباکترپیلوری نمونه خون بیمار اندازه گیری شد. داده های به دست آمده با استفاده از آزمون های آماری آزمون کای دو و Mantel hanzel تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین سن بیماران مورد مطالعه 99/8±54/54 سال بود. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه تعداد 44 نفر (5/81) از بیماران در گروه مورد و 95 نفر (5/56) در گروه شاهد سرولوژی مثبت از نظر هلیکوباکترپیلوری داشتند (001/0