Gelatin Properties of Goat Skin Produced by Calcium Hydroxide as Curing Material

Application of strong bases as curing materials has been widely applied in commercial gelatin industries, but the application of weak bases has not been much done. Application of strong bases as a treatment was not economical and assumed to affect human health. Studies were conducted on the properties of goat skin gelatin manufactured using weak base types of Ca(OH)2 and then compared with properties of commercial gelatin. Skins from Bligon goats of 1.5 to 2.5 years old was used as the raw materials and Ca(OH)2 100 g/l as curing materials. The 2x3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used as a design study. Two curing times (2 and 4 days) and three concentrations (3, 6, 9% v/v) were used as treatments, and commercial gelatin (pure (P) by Merck, food grade (Fg) and pharmacy standards (Ps)) were used as control. Gelatin produced from goat skins using Ca(OH)2 had properties similar to that of commercial gelatin. The heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) contained in goat skin gelatin still meet the INS standards. The optimum production of gelatin has been generated through the application of 4-day curing time at a concentration of 9% (v/v)

Analisa Perhitungan Rehab Jalan M.sohor Menggunakan Perkerasan Kaku (Rigid Pavement)

Perkembangan lalu lintas dan pertumbuhan penduduk di Kota Pontianak sangatlah pesat . Dari data Direktorat Lalu Lintas Polda Kalimantan Barat laju pertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor di Kota Pontianak sebesar 16,93 % per tahun. Hal itu pun berpengaruh terhadap Kua litas dan Kuantitas jalan di Kota Pontianak, sehingga perlu diadakan peningkatan kualitas jalan salah satunya menggunakan Perkerasan Kaku atau dikenal dengan Rigid Pavement. Landasan teori dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metoda Bina Marga 2003. Adapun cara pengumpulan data primer yaitu pengambilan data CBR menggunakan metoda DCP, sedangkan pengumpulan data sekunder diambil dari Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga Kota Pontianak dalam hal ini proyek perehaban jalan M.Sohor dan Direktorat Samsat Polda Kalbar dalam hal ini Data pertumbuhan kendaraan bermotor. Dalam penelitian ini untuk perkerasan kaku umur rencana 20 tahun dengan laju pertumbuhan lalu lintas di Kota Pontianak sebesar 16,93 % terdapat 74.433 truk 2 as/tahun dengan berat 13 ton yang akan melewati Jalan M.Sohor,dan didapat ketebalan pelat 16 cm dengan mutu beton K-350. Untuk perkerasan kaku umur rencana 30 tahun dengan laju pertumbuhan lalu lintas di Kota Pontianak sebesar 16,93 % terdapat 368.126 truk 2 as/tahun dengan berat total 13 ton yang akan melewati Jalan M.Sohor,dan didapat ketebalan pelat sebesar 17 cm dengan mutu beton K-350. Untuk perkerasan kaku umur rencana 40 tahun dengan laju pertumbuhan lalu lintas di Kota Pontianak sebesar 16,93% terdapat 1.773.121 truk 2as/tahun dengan berat total 13 ton yang akan melewati Jalan M.Sohor,dan didapat ketebalan pelat sebesar 18 cm dengan mutu beton K-350. Untuk perencanaan sambungan melintang umur rencana 20,30,dan 40 tahun digunakan dowel dengan diameter 20 mm, panjang 450 mm dan jarak 450 mm.Peneltian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran untuk perencanaan perkerasan kaku untuk dilaksanakan pada daerah Kota Pontianak

Studi Analisa Performansi Internet Service Msan

Performance dari setiap teknologi pasti menghadapi kendala dalam penerapannya, termasuk teknologi MSAN . Layanan internet adalah layanan utama dari MSAN, banyaknya keluhan pelanggan Telkom untuk layanan internet, menjadi perhatian khusus PT Telkom untuk masalah ini. Perlu dilakukan analisa performance internet service MSAN, agar tidak ada lagi keluhan – keluhan gangguan internet pelanggan Telkom serta meningkatkan performance internet service MSAN yang sempat turun karena adanya gangguan – gangguan internet.Penyebab turunnya service internet pada MSAN pada penelitian disebabkan oleh kabel tembaga. Jaringan kabel tembaga eksisting yang sudah menahun bisa menyebabkan turunnya kualitas elektrik pada tembaga. Sehingga ketika jaringan tembaga tersebut terkoneksi dengan perangkat baru, kualitas elektrik yang ada di tembaga sangat mudah untuk dideteksi.Pemeliharaan jaringan tembaga dengan rutin akan mengurangi penyebab terjadinya gangguan-gangguan yang disebabkan oleh jaringan tembaga. Dan pemeliharaan pada jaringan tembaga tidak hanya diperhatikan pada fisik suatu tembaga, namun juga harus memperhatikan kualitas elektirk tembaga yang pasti berkurang setiap tahunnya atau karena sesuatu yang bisa menyebabkan kualitas elektrik tembaga itu berkurang, salah satu contohnya tembaga di line A dengan line B dalam satu pair bersentuhan satu sama lain

Physiological factors affecting the production of an antimicrobial substance by Streptomyces violatus in batch cultures

Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol.3 2001: 1-1

Charge excitations associated with charge stripe order in the 214-type nickelate and superconducting cuprate

Charge excitations were studied for stipe-ordered 214 compounds, La$_{5/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$NiO$_{4}$ and 1/8-doped La$_{2}$(Ba, Sr)$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering in hard x-ray regime. We have observed charge excitations at the energy transfer of 1 eV with the momentum transfer corresponding to the charge stripe spatial period both for the diagonal (nikelate) and parallel (cuprates) stripes. These new excitations can be interpreted as a collective stripe excitation or charge excitonic mode to a stripe-related in-gap state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Biji Pinang (Areca Catechu L.) Terhadap Streptococcus Mutans Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) is a natural material that has antibacterial activity content against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Under these conditions, betel nuts were formulated in a toothpaste that has antibacterial activity.This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of betel nut extract in toothpaste with various concentrations of 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% and to determine the effective concentration of betel nut extract in toothpaste that meets the physical quality of chemical and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol 96%. Viscous extract obtained in the preparation of toothpaste formulated with a concentrations of 1.5%, 3% and 4.5%. All tested formula toothpaste physical quality of chemical (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and foaming) and antibacterial activity. The data obtained in the physical quality of chemical testing were analyzed descriptively and antibacterial activity data were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA at 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan test using SPSS. The test results show that the antibacterial toothpaste with betel nut extract concentrations of 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% show antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Formula toothpaste as an antibacterial effective against bacteria test is F3 with betel nut extract concentration of 4.5%, which result in the diameter of the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by 11.37 mm and 20.03 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. The test results show all the physical quality of chemical toothpaste betel nut extracts meet the physical quality of chemical toothpast

The Effect of Curing Process in Acetic Acid on the Gelatin Properties of Blingon Goat Skin

Bligon goat is a cross between Kacang with Ettawah goat. The skin of Bligon goat contains collagen protein compounds that have the potential to be processed into gelatin. Curing process is necessary to improve the properties of gelatin both quantitative and qualitative. The purpose of this study was to identification of the best process time and level of acetat acid as curing materials of Blingon goat skin. The skin of male Bligon goat age ±1.5-2.5 years of old and acetic acid (CH3COOH 0.5 M) were used as material. The experiment was run according to completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern of 2x3 and three replications for each treatment. Two processing time (48 and 96 hours) as first factor and three concentrations levels of acetic acid (3, 6 and 9%, v/v) as the second factor. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Yields, gel strength and viscosity were used as parameters. The results of this study showed that the processing time up to 96 hours and level of concentration up to 9% significantly affected (P<0.01 ) gel strength, but no significantly on the yields and viscosity. The combination of processing time of 96 hours with concentration level of 3% gave the best results compared to others