Foreign investment, government expenditure, and economic growth in Malaysia

This study uses the ordinary least squares technique to examine the effect of foreign investment and government expenditure on the growth in GDP per capita in Malaysia over the period 1978-2005. The regression results showed that the growth of export and ratio of government expenditure to GDP are the driving forces in enhancing the economic growth in Malaysia. Foreign investment and previous year real income per capita growth depict positive impact, whereas population growth exerts a negative impact on economic growth

Who gain and lose from the minimum wage policy?

This study examines the effectiveness of the minimum wage as a mechanism for income redistribution among major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Taking into consideration the benefits and costs of minimum wage, the results show that the wage policy potentially boosts the incomes of ethnic Indians and ethnic Malays, whereas the wage policy marginally affects ethnic Chinese. The estimates also do not provide strong support for the notion that minimum wage legislation in Malaysia is likely to be an effective policy for income redistribution. The effectiveness of the minimum wage legislation is constrained by its limitation to account for informal sector workers

Looking at the law and policy of recycling in Malaysia / Ad'lean Mohd Yusof, Heleyaniiza Mohd Said and Ruzanna Ahmad.

In Malaysia, the Environment Act is silence on matters relating recycling which deemed to be important. From this research, one of the problems that arising due to recycling is that the level of awareness is too poor among the citizens, the facilities are not sufficient and adequate in order to encourage people to recycle and mostly, there was no law that governed recycling in Malaysia. As compared to foreign law such as laws that governs haulers, law which had been divided between recycling materials, recycling provisions on the matters of penalties and others that had been passed by their legislation. This shows that they take recycling as a serious matter. Moreover, they provide sufficient facilities and encourage their citizens to recycle. Further, if the law is not complied with, penalties will be imposed against them. The level of awareness among their citizens is tremendous where their citizens are more responsible and understand their duties and role to oblige the law. Thus this research will look at the general problems on recycling, comparison between Malaysian law and foreign law such as United States and Japan and recommendations to the loop holes in Malaysian policy

The Influence of Holistic Intelligence on Excellency of From Six Students in Sabah

This descriptive study aims to determine the influence of holistic intelligence (HQ) through intellectual intelligence (IQ), physical intelligence (PQ), emotional intelligence (EQ) and spiritual intelligence (SQ) on student outcome (SO). Assessment was made to Form Six students as a subject based on gender, course, race and school category. Samples of the study consisted of 418 students from fifteen schools randomly selected using a randomized sampling method. This research instrument contains 84 items modified from the 4IR-Intelligence Instrument, Standard Quality of Malaysia Education (SKPM), California Critical Disposition Inventory-test (CCDI), and Ethical Reasoning Tool (ERT). The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling Analysis (SEM). The findings showed that IQ, PQ, EQ and SQ variables have positively correlated with SO variables. Findings also indicate that IQ, PQ, EQ and SQ was good predictors for student outcome (SO). All these findings tested at the confidence level of p<0.05. This study suggested that student holistic intelligence can be enhanced to ensure the student identity in line with the need of the nation in the future

Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana against the tiger moth Atteva sciodoxa (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Seven isolates of Beauveria bassiona were screened for pathogenicity and infectivity at a concentration of 5x107 conidia mL-1 against Attevo sciodoxa at 27±2°C and 75±5% relative humidity with 12 h photoperiod. Based on screening results, isolates Bba-Pp and FS-11 were further bioassayed at 1 x 106, 5x106 and 1x107 conidia mL-1. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic. However, the infectivity varied significantly among the isolates. The earliest mortality was recorded three days after inoculation, The most virulent isolate, Bba-Pp, caused 100% mortality with a median infective time (ET50) of 3.6 days on day seven following inoculation while FS-11 caused 83,3% mortality with an ET50 value of 4.1 days, Bba-S13 was the least infective isolate with 24.9% mortality and 15.3 days of median effective time. Mycelia appeared on 24 to 48 h old cadavers, The highest level of sporulation on two-week old cadavers was 150.6x105 Bba-Pp conidia mg -1 cadaver while the lowest was 12.23x105 Bba-S13 conidia. The median effective concentration (EC50) of Bba-Pp was 9.89x105 conidia mL-1 while that of FS-11 was 3.85x106 conidia mL-1. The ET50 values 1x106 1x107 conidia mL-1 of Bba-Pp ranged between 7.0 and 4.4 days, respectively, while that of FS-11 were 10.3 and 5.8 days. A strong negative correlation was found between inoculum concentrations and food consumption (R2 = -0.99). The infection by Bba-Pp and FS-11I resulted in 55.8 to 72.5% reduction in food consumption by A. sciodoxa compared to the controls

Quantitative correlation between counterion (X) binding affinity to cationic micelles and X – Induced micellar growth for substituted iodobenzoates (X)

AbstractA new semi-empirical kinetic (SEK) method has been used to calculate the values of KXBr or RXBr (X represents substituted iodobenzoates), with KX and KBr representing CTABr micellar binding constants of counterions X− (in the presence of either spherical or non-spherical micelles) and Br− (in the presence of only spherical micelles), respectively. Steady-shear rheological properties of mixed 0.015M CTABr/[MX] aqueous solutions reveal the presence of flexible wormlike micelles where MX represents sodium 3- and 4-iodobenzoates. The maxima of the plots of viscosity vs. [MX] at 0.015M CTABr for MX representing sodium 3- and 4-iodobenzoates support the presence of long linear and entangled wormlike micelles

THE FEEDBACK ELABORATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TOWARDS INDONESIAN SUBJECT

Learning Indonesian as a school subject can be intended as an effort to develop Indonesian language functions for Senior High School students to obtain information, control behavior, interact with others, express personal feelings or intentions, develop learning skills, and use language to convey information. To achieve this purpose, the teacher must do learning optimally. This paper aims to elaborate on the various phenomena of learning Indonesian in Senior High school and various references as the basis of language and conclusions. The elaboration feedback strategy is the focus of this paper and intended as a discourse and input for the teacher as the person in charge of learning process in the classroom

Within-plant distribution of predators on chilli

The within-plant distribution patterns of the predators Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles), Formicidae (ants) and Araneae (spiders) on chilli were traced throughout a crop growing season to formulate the predator sampling unit on chilli plants. The predators were more abundant from main-stem node 0 (main-stem 0 is the uppermost terminal bud) through node 5, due partly to the availability of food sources. As the plant grew, more predators spread out downwards, and their distribution patterns changed parallel to changes in distribution patterns of the prey, their natural enemies and changes in plant morphology due to aging and pest damage. Generally in areas where ants were in abundance, the numbers of other predators were small. Overall this study suggests the selection of zone one (main-stem nodes 0 to 5) as the optimum sampling unit for predators on chilli plants, where the general population proportion per plant for the growing season were 65% for Formicidae, 78% for Coccinellidae and 78% for Araneae