Genetic and lifestyle risks of cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past 5 decades, the identification and modification of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as the development of pharmaceutical and interventional therapies, have resulted in declining CVD mortality rates. To develop better and innovative preventive strategies, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CVD is necessary. Studying the genetic factors underlying CVD and their risk factors may aid us in this undertaking.Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of associations between genetic variants with risk factors and diseases, thereby increasing our understanding of the biology underlying these traits. The evidence for a causal relationship between a risk factor and a disease can then be investigated using these genetic variants.This thesis presents evidence for causal relationships between risk factors such as telomere length and iron parameters, with CVD. We uncovered novel genetic variants associated with lipoprotein(a), but also with lifestyle factors such as caffeine intake and sedentary behaviors. We subsequently provide evidence for their causal relations with coronary artery disease. Additionally, we found genetic and lifestyle factors had additive effects on the risk of developing CVD. A healthy lifestyle was associated with lower risks compared to an unhealthy lifestyle, regardless of the genetic risk, and a high genetic risk with an unhealthy lifestyle both increased the risk of developing CVD. The findings described in this thesis help us better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CVD and may aid in improving risk stratifications

ISLAMIC VALUE OF INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF FATHANAH

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute to the national economy. It follows to increase in market potential. Innovation has an important role in various business competitions. However, innovative performance has not been completely implemented by SME companies. This research offers the concept of fathanah in innovative performance in SMEs. The research method is a review of the literature on SME innovative performance. This study explains the innovative performance of SMEs with six concepts; process innovation, product innovation, management innovation, organizational innovation, marketing innovation, and technological innovation. The concept of fathanah in innovative performance in SMEs with dimensions of intelligence; intellectual quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), and spiritual quotient (SQ). This paper applies a conceptual approach. The limitations of this paper are that the dimensions mentioned have not been empirically tested. In addition, there may also be other dimensions of Islamic values related to innovative performance apart from the concept of fathanah. However, the fathanah concept is expected to be applied in innovative performance to develop SMEs

Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Kasus Low Back Pain Myogenic e.c. Lumbar Strain di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul

Backgound: Pain at lumbar spine region commonly described as low back pain.. Pain at this region will cause muscle spasm that wil cause ROM restriction. In this case, myogenic low back pain described as back pain that only caused by muscle disorder without neurological disorder. Aims: To evaluate physical therapy management to pain, muscle spasm, improvement range of motion, and functional activity on low back pain myogenic e.c. lumbar strain. Result: After 7 times of physical therapy management. We found decresing of pain T1: mild pain to T7: no pain, muscle spasm T1: 100% to T7: 30%, flexion tunk range of motion T1: 2 cm to T7: 2,5 cm, right side flexion T1: -50 cm menjadi T7: -47 cm, left side flexion T1: 51 cm to T7: 48,5 cm, functional activity T1: -32% to T7: -30 %. Conclusion: Physical Therapy management with SWD, stretching, massage, core stability exercise can decrease pain, spasm, improve ROM, and enhance functional activity. Keywords: Lumbar strain, Short Wave Diathermy (SWD), massage, stetching, core stability exercise

Analysis of the biceps brachii muscle by varying the arm movement level and load resistance band

Biceps brachii muscle illness is one of the common physical disabilities that requires rehabilitation exercises in order to build up the strength of the muscle after surgery. It is also important to monitor the condition of the muscle during the rehabilitation exercise through electromyography (EMG) signals. The purpose of this study was to analyse and investigate the selection of the best mother wavelet (MWT) function and depth of the decomposition level in the wavelet denoising EMG signals through the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method at each decomposition level. In this experimental work, six healthy subjects comprised of males and females (26 ± 3.0 years and BMI of 22 ± 2.0) were selected as a reference for persons with the illness. The experiment was conducted for three sets of resistance band loads, namely, 5 kg, 9 kg, and 16 kg, as a force during the biceps brachii muscle contraction. Each subject was required to perform three levels of the arm angle positions (30°, 90°, and 150°) for each set of resistance band load. The experimental results showed that the Daubechies5 (db5) was the most appropriate DWT method together with a 6-level decomposition with a soft heursure threshold for the biceps brachii EMG signal analysis

Numerical Investigation of Velocity Profile in Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin with VOF

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Application of Response Surface Method in Reverse Osmosis Membrane to Optimize BOD, COD and Colour Removal from Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is typically non-biodegradable and has high concentration of organic matter that represented as COD, BOD and Colour values. The correlation of concentration and pH of POME, and Trans membrane pressure (TMP) of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane was optimized by response surface method using a second order polynomial model with central composite design (CCD) which is a part model of response surface method (RSM) in Design-Expert® software. The main limits that influenced the parameters removal i.e. concentration of POME, pH of solution and transmembrane pressure were empirically determined at laboratory level and successfully optimized using RSM. The best conditions were determined from 3D response surface and 2D contour graphs i.e. 10.05% of POME concentration at pH 3.0 and TMP 0.50 kPa to yield the last values of COD, BOD and Colour i.e. 24.1372 mg/L,  24.33 mg/L and 11.76 PtCo, respectively.  The results show that the response surface method effective to reduce the number of experiment

Associations of Observational and Genetically Determined Caffeine Intake With Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

Background Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant and is associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether these associations are causal remains unknown. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with caffeine intake, and to investigate evidence for causal links with CAD or T2DM. In addition, we aimed to replicate previous observational findings. Methods and Results Observational associations were tested within UK Biobank using Cox regression analyses. Moderate observational caffeine intakes from coffee or tea were associated with lower risks of CAD or T2DM, with the lowest risks at intakes of 121 to 180 mg/day from coffee for CAD (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82; P<1×10-16]), and 301 to 360 mg/day for T2DM (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.67-0.86]; P=1.57×10-5). Next, genome-wide association studies were performed on self-reported caffeine intake from coffee, tea, or both in 407 072 UK Biobank participants. These analyses identified 51 novel genetic variants associated with caffeine intake at P<1.67×10-8. These loci were enriched for central nervous system genes. However, in contrast to the observational analyses, 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using the identified loci in independent disease-specific cohorts yielded no evidence for causal links between genetically determined caffeine intake and the development of CAD or T2DM. Conclusions Mendelian randomization analyses indicate genetically determined higher caffeine intake might not protect against CAD or T2DM, despite protective associations in observational analyses

Genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization analyses for leisure sedentary behaviours

Leisure sedentary behaviours are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but whether this relationship is causal is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify genetic determinants associated with leisure sedentary behaviours and to estimate the potential causal effect on coronary artery disease (CAD). Genome wide association analyses of leisure television watching, leisure computer use and driving behaviour in the UK Biobank identify 145, 36 and 4 genetic loci (P < 1×10−8), respectively. High genetic correlations are observed between sedentary behaviours and neurological traits, including education and body mass index (BMI). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis estimates a causal effect between 1.5 hour increase in television watching and CAD (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.25–1.66, P = 5.63 × 10−07), that is partially independent of education and BMI in multivariable MR analyses. This study finds independent observational and genetic support for the hypothesis that increased sedentary behaviour by leisure television watching is a risk factor for CAD

Generation of hemophilia A mouse induced pluripotent stem cells using polycistronic lentiviral vector in serum- and feeder-free culture conditions

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) research has opened up exciting possibilities in many research areas especially in the field of regenerative medicine. The ability to reprogram back somatic cells into embryonic stem (ES)-like state has made patient-specific cells therapy possible unhindered ethical and practical dilemmas associated with the use of embryonic stem cells [1]. There have been several reports on the generation of iPS cells from murine somatic cells in vitro, however, there are still many challenges to overcome; (i) the induction efficiency is extremely low, (ii) multiple transgene integrations which increase the risk of tumorigenicity of iPS cells produced, (iii) partially differentiated iPS colonies due to incomplete reprogramming, (iv) the use of feeder cells and medium containing serum add complexity and variability in nutrients and factors that contribute to cell growth and the maintenance of pluripotency [2,3,4,5]. To overcome these issues, we utilized polycistronic lentiviral vector carrying the Yamanaka’s factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) for reprogramming of murine fibroblasts in serum- and feeder- free defined culture conditions. In this study, primary fibroblasts from hemophilic A B6;129S4-F8tm1Kaz/J and wild-type C57BL/6 mouse were transduced with an optimal multiplicity of infection of the virus produced. Suspected iPS cell colonies were picked within 20 days post-transduction. The results showed that iPS cells derived from the wild-type mouse fibroblast were successfully generated in serum- and feeder-free defined culture conditions. The generated wild-type mouse iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in many aspects including morphology, their properties of self-renewal and pluripotency, and in vitro differentiation into the three primary germ layers. However, we were not able to generate iPS cells from hemophilia A mouse fibroblast with the similar lentiviral vector using the same reprogramming manner. We obtained neuronal-like morphology instead of the expected pluripotent cell colonies. The emerging of neuronal-like cells post-transduction is speculated as an incomplete reprogramming process [6]. These partially reprogrammed cells could not maintain the stem cells-like characteristic and eventually undergo differentiation. Hence, these data could provide an insight of reprogramming process