A clinical analysis of sub-fertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy

Background: Diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are considered the gold standard for diagnosing pelvic pathology in women among couples with infertility or subfertility. Knowledge of common pathologies in these patients would help plan investigations and deliver better care especially in resource limited settings. The current study was carried out to analyse the clinical-demographic profile and operative findings among women with subfertility undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy-hysteroscopy over a 4 years period.Methods: A retrospective record-based study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of People’s Hospital, PCMS and RC, Bhopal from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2016 (4 years).Results: Sixty-two records of women with primary/ secondary infertility who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy-hysteroscopy during the study period satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed. Among these, 54 (87.09%) couples had primary infertility and 8 (12.9%) had secondary infertility. The mean age of women was 27.1 years (range 20-38 years; SD4.43). One third of women had more than 5 years duration of infertility. Eight (13%) had menstrual abnormalities. One or more tubal abnormality was found on diagnostic laparoscopy in 33.8% of all cases (31.4% of women with primary infertility and 50 % of women with secondary infertility). Pelvic adhesions (25.8%), endometriosis (24.2%) and evidence of acute or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (19.3%) were the other leading abnormalities.Conclusions: While it is possible to suspect many abnormalities by a detailed history, a good examination and preliminary investigations such as the pelvic ultrasonography, a significant proportion of abnormalities such as the tubal abnormalities, endometriosis and pelvic adhesions can only be detected with certainty on laparoscopy. Hence it is recommended that diagnostic laparoscopy should be an early part of infertility work up

Multimodal Imaging in Retinal Vascular Occlusions following Trauma – A Case of Sickle Cell Disease with Negative Sickling Test

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A study on the awareness on menstrual hygiene among females of Dibrugarh District

Menstruation cycle is the sign of womanhood. It is a physiological process indicating the beginning of reproductive life. But, sometimes it is considered as an unclean phenomenon in the Indian society. Due to insufficient knowledge and social taboos, there are many myths prevailed in our Indian society. This paper aims to study the different myths about menstrual taboos in our society and the awareness about menstrual hygiene among females of teenage groups. The study showed that there are still many myths about menstruation prevalent in our society and the level of awareness is also low among the teenagers as well their parents

Fetal Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia in a low resource setting

Background: Diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are considered the gold standard for diagnosing pelvic pathology in women among couples with infertility or subfertility. Knowledge of common pathologies in these patients would help plan investigations and deliver better care especially in resource limited settings. The current study was carried out to analyse the clinical-demographic profile and operative findings among women with subfertility undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy-hysteroscopy over a 4 years period.Methods: A retrospective record-based study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of People’s Hospital, PCMS and RC, Bhopal from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2016 (4 years).Results: Sixty-two records of women with primary/ secondary infertility who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy-hysteroscopy during the study period satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed. Among these, 54 (87.09%) couples had primary infertility and 8 (12.9%) had secondary infertility. The mean age of women was 27.1 years (range 20-38 years; SD4.43). One third of women had more than 5 years duration of infertility. Eight (13%) had menstrual abnormalities. One or more tubal abnormality was found on diagnostic laparoscopy in 33.8% of all cases (31.4% of women with primary infertility and 50 % of women with secondary infertility). Pelvic adhesions (25.8%), endometriosis (24.2%) and evidence of acute or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (19.3%) were the other leading abnormalities.Conclusions: While it is possible to suspect many abnormalities by a detailed history, a good examination and preliminary investigations such as the pelvic ultrasonography, a significant proportion of abnormalities such as the tubal abnormalities, endometriosis and pelvic adhesions can only be detected with certainty on laparoscopy. Hence it is recommended that diagnostic laparoscopy should be an early part of infertility work up

A Study on the Awareness on Menstrual Hygiene Among Females of Dibrugarh District

Menstruation cycle is the sign of womanhood. It is a physiological process indicating the beginning of reproductive life. But, sometimes it is considered as an unclean phenomenon in the Indian society. Due to insufficient knowledge and social taboos, there are many myths prevailed in our Indian society. This paper aims to study the different myths about menstrual taboos in our society and the awareness about menstrual hygiene among females of teenage groups. The study showed that there are still many myths about menstruation prevalent in our society and the level of awareness is also low among the teenagers as well their parents

Experimental Investigation and Power Quality Analysis of Solar Micro-inverter for different Operating Conditions

There has been a lot of focus in recent years on finding ways to incorporate renewable energy systems, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the existing electrical grid. Power conversion technologies that are both efficient and reliable are in high demand due to the expanding popularity of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Micro-inverters, which are module-based inverters placed on individual PV modules, have grown in popularity in recent years due to their decentralized design. However, the integration of solar micro-inverter into the electrical grid presents power quality challenges. This research article presents an experimental investigation and power quality analysis of a solar micro-inverter under various operating conditions such as dust and shade

Additional file 1 of Morin ameliorates myocardial injury in diabetic rats via modulation of inflammatory pathways

Additional file 1. Representative Western blot images with respective loading control (GAPDH)

Furosemide Cocrystals with Pyridines: An Interesting Case of Color Cocrystal Polymorphism

Furosemide (FS), a loop diuretic drug commonly used for the treatment of hypertension and edema, exhibited color cocrystal polymorphism with coformer 4,4′-bipyridine (4BPY) in the stoichiometry 2:1, albeit both the API and the cocrystal former are colorless. Crystallization from ethanol, isopropanol, ethanol–water (v/v, 1/1) mixture, and acetonitrile yielded pale yellow (form <b>1</b>I, thin needles) and orange (form <b>1</b>II, blocks) cocrystals concomitantly. Needles appeared from solution within a day, while the blocks were obtained after 1–2 days from the same flask, indicating that yellow needles were formed faster and the orange blocks were perhaps formed under thermodynamic conditions. Form <b>1</b>I cocrystals could also be produced from the variety of common solvents. Cocrystallization of FS with 2,2′-bipyridine (2BPY) and 4-aminopyridine (4AP) gave colorless cocrystals <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>, respectively, and did not exhibit polymorphism. The single-crystal X-ray structures, powder X-ray diffraction, photophysical characterization, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide insight into the structure–property relationship. The common structural features observed in all of the structures is the formation of sandwich motifs comprising FS and pyridines through π-stacking interactions. These motifs are linked differently through hydrogen bonding interactions in all three directions. The significant color difference between the two cocrystals dimorphs could be attributed to the different π-stacking patterns and hydrogen bonding interactions between molecules of FS and 4BPY in their cocrystal structures. Investigation on the origin of the color difference using DFT calculations revealed the decrease in HOMO–LUMO gap for form <b>1</b>II cocrystals (orange) compared to form <b>1</b>I crystals (light yellow). The crystal-to-crystal thermal transformation of form <b>1</b>I crystals to form <b>1</b>II crystals of <b>1</b> suggests the role of π-stacking assemblies in driving the self-assembly