Aquacultural Potential of Derelict Waterbodies – A Case Study

Derelict waterbodies could be an important source to boost fish production for meeting the future fish demand of the country. The study has shown that fish yield from these waterbodies could be as high as 4.6 t/ha. Overall, net income per hectare through scientific management of derelict waterbodies has been found to be Rs 104443, with maximum and minimum net incomes per hectare being Rs 207416 and Rs 64033, respectively. Benefit–cost analysis has indicated that all waterbodies are favourable for aquaculture. Overall B-C ratio under the project has been found to be 3.82 and interestingly, scientific management of waterbodies could yield good income even from low level of investment. Such an activity can provide enormous income and employment opportunities in the rural areas. To encourage large-scale utilization of available derelict waterbodies for aquaculture, a prudent and well-conceived policy for leasing out derelict waterbodies and transfer of relevant technologies to the needy and interested farmers should be evolved. These steps would not only boost fish production in the rural areas, but would also provide much needed impetus to the growth and diversification of rural economy.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Histological distribution and ultrastructure of exocrine pancreas in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita Ham.) and its alteration in aflatoxicosis

The distribution pattern of exocrine pancreas in Labeo rohita besides its general location along the course of intestinal mesentery was studied. It is evenly distributed within the liver around portal vessels and also within the spleen near a blood vessel. On ultrastructure, two cell types of different degrees of staining intensities containing abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, pre-zymogen and zymogen granules were marked. During aflatoxicosis, the mesenteric pancreas and hepatic pancreas were mostly affected revealing necrotic changes to acini. The zymogen granular activities were markedly reduced. Ultra structurally, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was fully dilated and formed whorled pattern. The damage to the exocrine pancreas might be affecting digestive enzymes' secretion which may be one of the causes of aflatoxin-induced anorexia in fish

Development of Livelihood Index for Different Agro-Climatic Zones of India

A livelihood index has been developed for different agro-climatic zones of India, based on the secondary data for TE 2003. Six different sub-indices obtained are indicators of Infrastructure Status, Agricultural Status, Nutritional Status, Economic Status, Health and Sanitation Status and Food Availability Status in respective zones. A total of 57 variables have been considered for this study. Finally, a composite integrated livelihood index has been developed which indicates the livelihood status of different agro-climatic zones in the country. Also, 103 districts of low agricultural productivity have been identified within low livelihood regions. The results of this study have been compared with those of backward districts identified under Wage Employment Program by the Task Force of Planning Commission of India. It is found that about 60 per cent districts identified in this study are the same as identified by the Task Force. Further, the spatial distributions of the identified districts under the study have been mapped using GIS maps and it has been observed that almost same region of the country has been found to be most backward in both the studies. The study has revealed regional disparity in the development process and has suggested to formulate appropriate policies to bridge this disparity gap.Productivity Analysis, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

On a Functional Equation in Actuarial Mathematics

AbstractIn 1839, De Morgan gave a mathematical justification of Gompertz's law of mortality through a composite functional equation, f(x+y)+f(x+z)=f(x+h(y,z)). A slightly more general version of this equation was studied in 1905 by M. Chini. Both solved their equations in the class of differentiable functions on the real line. Here we solve the equation f(x)+f(x+y)=cf(x+g(y)), which is a generalization of Chini's equation, on intervals in the class of locally bounded functions and in the class of continuous functions

Pathology of mixed infections of saprolegniasis-myxosporidiosis in Indian major carp (Catla catla Ham.)

An outbreak of saprolegniasis in Catla catla in composite carp culture ponds were recorded during winter season. The typical cotton wool growths were observed on whole body surfaces of catla along with sporadic mortality. The fungal invasion was only restricted to skin and no fungal elements were visible in any internal organs after periodic acid schiff staining. On histology, periportal accumulation of mononuclear cells in liver, presence of myxosporidean cysts in antieror kidney, eosinophilic granular cells reaction in submucosa of stomach and intestine, dilated and engorged blood vessels of brain along with sloughing of epidermis and hyperplasia at gill lamellar base were pronounced changes. The possible role of release of Saprolegnia toxin in producing internal organs pathology has been discussed

Genetic diversity and latency status of betanodavirus in wild seeds of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) sampled along Indian coasts

288-293Piscine nodavirus is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. The present investigation was carried out to know the persistence and diversity of betanodavirus in wild healthy seabass seeds around east and west coasts of India from three major landing sites. The seeds obtained from two coasts were detected positive by nested PCR using RNA2 coat protein gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all the three Indian coast sample sequences as close to Indian strain of betanodavirus reported earlier and those belong to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). These results indicate a strong latency or persistency of betanodavirus among wild healthy seeds of Asian seabass available along Indian coasts that remain as a source of viral inoculum for spreading disease in farm reared fish

Changes in sediment texture by turtle mass nesting at Rushikulya rookery

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Effect of Ag+ ion Concentration on the Reaction Kinetics and Shape of Nanoparticles Synthesised by Green Chemical Approach

The effect of varying Ag+ ion concentration on the green chemical reaction with a fixed tea aliquot concentration has been studied in detail with the help of UV-visible absorption spectra. With increase in the concentration of Ag+ solution the position of surface plasmon band systematically increased from 435 nm – 450 nm. The reaction followed first order kinetics and the rate of reaction increased in a linear fashion with k = 3.54 x 10-4 min-1 for 0.5 mL to k = 1.86 x 10-3 min-1 for 3.0 mL Ag+ solution. X-ray diffraction patterns showed an enhanced (200) reflection for 3.0 mL Ag sample. The shape of Ag nanoparticles could be effectively tuned from spherical to cuboid with increase in silver content as evidenced from scanning electron and transmission electron micrographs. The average particle size of Ag NPs increased from 25 nm to 55 nm with increase in the Ag+ content of the reaction

Flow characteristics of HFC-134a in an adiabatic helical capillary tube

Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 1-4 July, 2007.In this paper, an attempt is made to model the refrigerants flow through helical adiabatic capillary tubes used in domestic refrigerators and small residential air conditioners. The present study, based on homogenous two-phase flow model, predicts the performance of the helical capillary tube under adiabatic flow conditions. The variation of different physical parameters like pressure, temperature, quality, void fraction, velocity, and entropy with the length of adiabatic capillary tube has been investigated. The effect of varying capillary tube diameter and the pitch on pressure variation along the length is carried out. The simulation results are validated with experimental findings of the previous researchers for straight capillary tube as the literature lacks experimental work on helical capillary tube. It is found that when subjected to similar conditions, the helical capillary tubes are shorter than their straight counterparts.cs201

Large Charge Four-Dimensional Extremal N=2 Black Holes with R^2-Terms

We consider N=2 supergravity in four dimensions with small R^2 curvature corrections. We construct large charge extremal supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric black hole solutions in all space, and analyze their thermodynamic properties.Comment: 18 pages. v2,3: minor fixe