UPAYA KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENCIPTAKAN IKLIM ORGANISASI DI SMA NEGERI 2 KAMPAR KECAMATAN KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai adalah iklim organisasi, karena kinerja suatu organisasi tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh sumberdaya manusia di dalamnya, tetapi juga sumberdaya yang ada di dalamnya seperti dana, bahan, peralatan, teknologi, dan mekanisme kerja yang berlangsung dalam organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya kepala sekolah dalam menciptakan iklim organisasi di SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan di SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kecamatan Kampar Kabupaten Kampar, yaitu berjumlah 56 orang, sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini adalah sampling jenuh, yaitu teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi sebagai sampel. Jadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 56. Teknik pengumpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan angket. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan data, dapat dikatahui bahwa upaya kepala sekolah yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dalam menciptakan iklim organisasi di SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kecamatan Kampar tergolong cukup baik, hal ini terlihat dari jawaban responden yang menyatakan selalu sebesar 31%, responden yang menyatakan sering sebesar 43%. Sedangkan responden yang menyatakan jarang sekali sebesar 26%, dan yang menyatakan tidak pernah tidak ada. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan jika jawaban selalu digabungkan dengan sering (SL+S) berjumlah 74% maka dari data tersebut di atas disimpulkan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dalam menciptakan organisasi di SMA Negeri 2 Kampar Kecamatan Kampar dari indikator dilihat dari skor rata-rata tergolong cukup baik

Phythophthora black pod disease of cocoa caused by Phytophthora palmivora: Development of bio-fungicidal package in controlling the disease and the vector by food bait

The aim of study was to achieve a ready natural fungicide formulated in use as an effective environmental\ud technological package. The formulation consisted of suspension and pellet due mainly to familiar usage by farmers\ud in controlling particularly Phytophthora black pod disease (PBPD). Natural concept to control spread disease by\ud ant vector was purposed. In fact, it was reported that up to 90% loss of yield in wet season in Sulawesi that is main\ud cocoa production and population. Likely wet season, in dry season, annual significant loss was led by ant as vector.\ud There were three of trials including; firstly, testing citronella (seraiwangi extracted) and cashew nut shell liquid\ud (CNSL) made from cashew husk extracted was purposed to limit lesion disease development in pod surface;\ud secondly, in the field, testing effectiveness in both plant extracted against the pathogen and; thirdly, testing plant\ud extract mixed with food bait for ant as disease vector. The disease incidence was measured by scale level. Disease\ud categorized from 0 (healthy pod), 1 (up to 25% pod lesion), 2 (25-50% lesion), 3(50-75% lesion) to 4 (more than\ud 75% lesion). Disease incidence was measured as following; = ???( )\ud \ud \ud 100%; I (disease incidence), U (total of\ud tree infected in each disease category), V (score in each pod lesion), Z (high score). The result, in the lab activity,\ud showed that both 5% and 10% CNSL concentration was greater limit of PBPD development than 5% citronella\ud concentration, both NSCL and citronella treatments showed the lowest disease incidence (only scale 0.25 ~ 6.25%\ud pod damage), and followed by 10% concentration was in score 2.75 ~68.75% of pod damage respectively. By ant\ud control, lower ant population investigated (scale 1.5 or 50 to 200 ant colony) was in 20% CNSL concentration than\ud other trials

Zingiber officinale roscoe and Piper betleextracts enhanced the chemopreventive effect against colon cancer cells by targeting caspase-mediated apoptosis

Food regimens and herbs have been a target of scientific research in treating cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Piper betle (PB) alone or in combination on the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29. The chemopreventive effect of these extracts was determined by performing cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis analysis, and caspase 3 and 8 activity assays in HCT116 and p53-deficient HT29 cells. Ginger and PB extracts inhibited the proliferation of both cancer cell lines dose-dependently, but the combined extracts inhibited the growth of cancer cells synergistically with an IC50 PB plus ginger < IC50 PB < IC50 ginger. Similarly, the effect of the combined extracts on apoptosis of both cancer cell lines was higher than that of each individual extract. Consistent with the enhancement of caspase activity, both extracts increased the expression of BAX protein, while Bcl-2 protein was decreased. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the combined extracts arrested a higher percentage of colon cancer cells at the G0/G1 phase with a concomitant decrease in cells in the S phase, indicating that the combined extracts inhibited human colon cancer cell growth by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The inhibitory effect of these combined extracts on cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis was synergistic, showing a significant combination index (CI) value < 1.0. The combined extracts of ginger and PB may serve as a potential chemopreventive agent against colon cancer through the induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis

Characterization of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes isolated from human skin using gene markers

Cells isolated from skin have wide applications in studies of the pathogenesis of skin-related diseases and the construction of 3D skin equivalents. This study aimed to isolate keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes from human foreskin and characterize the purity of the cell types. Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes from human foreskin were isolated by differential trypsinization and media selection. The purity of the cell types was characterized based on the expression of gene markers. The assessment of gene marker expression involved RNA extraction, primer design, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunocytochemical staining. Our results showed that in cocultures of keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from the dermis, fibroblasts could be separated from keratinocytes by quick trypsinization and culture in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium. The remaining keratinocytes are cultured in Epilife medium. Melanocytes in cocultures of melanocytes and keratinocytes isolated from the epidermis could be selected by changing Epilife medium to M254 medium. Gene marker results suggested that cytokeratin 14 (CK14) is a suitable marker for keratinocytes, elastin (ELN) is a suitable marker for fibroblasts, and tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TYRP1 and TYRP2) are suitable markers for melanocytes. In conclusion, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes can be isolated from the same human foreskin sample by differential trypsinization and media selection techniques and characterized by suitable gene markers. This finding will aid in the isolation of pure skin cell types for various applications in regenerative medicine and toxicity studies

Comparison of the antioxidant activity of Malaysian ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extracts with that of selected natural products and its effect on the viability of myoblast cells in culture

Ginger has been proven to possess various therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, data on the comparison of ginger antioxidant activity with that of other natural products are still lacking. This study aimed to analyse and compare the antioxidant properties of two types of Malaysian ginger extracts (GE1 and GE2) with that of selected natural products. The antioxidant activities were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfonyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The order of the DPPH scavenging activities was as follows: vitamin C > palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) > a-tocopherol > N-acetylcysteine (NAC) > Ficus deltoidea > butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) > Centella asiatica > GE2 > GE1 > Moringa oleifera > Kelulut honey; the order of the mean FRAP value was as follows: NAC > a-tocopherol > BHT > TRF > Ficus deltoidea > Moringa oleifera > GE2 = GE1 > Centella asiatica > Kelulut honey. The viability assays showed that both ginger extracts significantly increased the percentage of viable cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, neither of the ginger extracts was cytotoxic toward cells and both possessed comparable antioxidant properties, indicating their potential for ameliorating oxidative stress

Zingiber officinale Roscoe prevents DNA damage and improves muscle performance and bone integrity in old Sprague Dawley rats

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or sarcopenia is attributed to the high level of oxidative stress and inadequate nutritional intake. The imbalance in oxidative status with increased production of free radicals results in damage to the DNA which leads to cell dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) on muscle performance and bone integrity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats aged three (young), nine (adult), and twenty-one (old) months old were treated with either distilled water or ginger extract at a concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 3 months via oral gavage. Muscle performance was assessed at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment by measuring muscle strength, muscle function, and bone integrity while DNA damage was determined by comet assay. Muscle cell histology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Young and adult ginger-treated rats showed a significant improvement in muscle strength after 3 months of supplementation. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were increased while fat free mass (FMM) was decreased after 3 months of ginger supplementation in young rats but not changed in adult and old ginger supplemented groups. Interestingly, supplementation of ginger for 3 months to the old rats decreased the level of damaged DNA. Histological findings showed reduction in the size of muscle fibre and fascicles with heterogenous morphology of the muscle fibres indicating sarcopenia was evident in old rats. Treatment with ginger extract improved the histological changes even though there was evidence of cellular infiltration (mild inflammation) and dilated blood vessels. In conclusion, Z. officinale Roscoe prevents DNA damage and improves muscle performance and bone integrity in SD rats indicating its potential in alleviating oxidative stress in ageing and thus delaying sarcopenia progression

Soybean Cultivation Technology Innovation and Environmentally Friendly Pest Control in Paddy Fields in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

South Sulawesi is one of the centers for soybean development in Indonesia and farmers generally plant it on paddy fields. Soybean cultivation technology innovation in paddy fields in general, farmers use a cropping system without tillage, rice fields after planting rice are directly sprayed with herbicides 3 times and then planted with soybeans. The varieties that are favored and widely planted by farmers in South Sulawesi have large seeds (weighing 100 seeds around 15.0–19.5 g) such as Detap-1, Devon-2, Derap-1, Dega-1, and Dena-2. The spacing used by farmers is 20 × 40 cm with double rows and single-row models. Types of pests that mostly damage soybean plants in South Sulawesi include Spodoptera litura, pod borer Etiella zinckenella, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, aphid Aphis glycines, leaf-rolling caterpillar Lamprosema indicata Fabricius, caterpillar Helicoverpa Heliothis armigera, pod ladybug Riptortus linearis F. green Nezara viridula L., soybean beetle Phaedonia inclusa and grasshopper Locust migratoria. To control these pests, farmers combine the use of vegetable insecticides and chemical insecticides

Keragaman Karakteristik Morfologis Dan a G Ronomisp La SMA Nutfah Klon Harapan Kakao Lokal Sulawesi Selatan

Morphological and Agronomics Diversity of Cocoa Characteristics Local Promising Clones Germplasm in South Sulawesi Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of important estate crops commodities which plays a role on Indonesian economy. South Sulawesi has a potency to generate superior clones of cocoa. A number of local cocoa clones from South Sulawesi has been recommended in rehabilitation and rejuvenation in the implementation of cocoa “Gernas” (National Cocoa Planting Action). Sulawesi Cocoa local clones have a potency of high yield, resistance to pest or main diseases such as cocoa pod borer, black pod disease and vascular streak dieback which were still widespread among cocoa plantation. Although variation accured in cocoa local clones, but there had been no study on both morphological and genetic. The objective of the research was to observe morphological and agronomis characters of local cocoa promising clones that has been planted by the farmers in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from February - Desember 2013 in Luwu District and North Luwu, in South Sulawesi. To find local cacao clones used direct observation in cocoa production centers. The information sources obtained from local government (relevant agencies). Agricultural extension, prominent societyleader and the farmers. The Observation was conducted on morphologicalcharacters, and the results were analysed on characters resemblancebetween clones. Statistic anlyses for the Grouping and dendogram wasgene rated by SPSS vertion 21.0. In South Sulawesi. The result from theanalyses of morphological characters indicated low genetic variability in 30 accessions of local cocoa clones in South Sulawesi. To such low ingenetic diversity, Indicated the need of another effort to broadan geneticvariabilit