Lebanese adolescents' expectations about social inclusion of peers in intergroup contexts

This study examined the role of group norms, group identity, age, contact, and stereotypes on youths’ decisions to include a peer in an intergroup context portraying Lebanese and American adolescents. Lebanese participants (N = 275), ages 12 and 16 years, were surveyed about expectations for inclusion of an out-group target with similar interests or an in-group target with different interests into their own Lebanese group or another American group. Findings indicated participants focused on shared interests, rather than national identity, when making inclusion decisions for either group and group norms mattered. Older participants expected American peers to be less inclusive toward an out-group peer. Direct contact predicted inclusivity of out-group American peers into one’s own Lebanese group, and indirect media-based contact predicted expectations for inclusivity into an American out-group. Findings have implications for interventions aimed at improving cross-national friendships which, in turn, have the potential to reduce prejudicial attitudes

The neglected contexts and outcomes of evidence-based management:A systematic scoping review in hospital settings

PURPOSE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the necessity of practicing Evidence-based Management (EBMgt) as an approach to decision-making in hospital settings. The literature, however, provides limited insight into the process of EBMgt and its contextual nuances. Such insight is critical for better leveraging EBMgt in practice. Therefore, the authors' aim was to integrate the literature on the process of EBMgt in hospital settings, identify the gaps in knowledge and delineate areas for future research. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The authors conducted a systematic scoping review using an innovative methodology that involved two systematic searches. First using EBMgt terminology and second using terminology associated with the EBMgt concept, which the authors derived from the first search. FINDINGS: The authors identified 218 relevant articles, which using content analysis, they mapped onto the grounded model of the EBMgt process; a novel model of the EBMgt process developed by Sahakian and colleagues. The authors found that the English language literature provides limited insight into the role of managers' perceptions and motives in EBMgt, the practice of EBMgt in Global South countries, and the outcomes of EBMgt. Overall, this study’s findings indicated that aspects of the decision-maker, context and outcomes have been neglected in EBMgt. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The authors contributed to the EBMgt literature by identifying these gaps and proposing future research areas and to the systematic review literature by developing a novel scoping review method

Evidence‐Based Management Competency Model for Managers in Hospital Settings

Evidence-based management (EBMgt), which refers to using the best-quality evidence from different sources in decision-making, is becoming an imperative for managers in both profit and non-profit sectors. Yet, the competencies underlying EBMgt have not yet received much attention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the foundational and functional competencies of evidence-driven managers working in hospital settings and develop an empirically based competency model for evidence-driven managers. We collected qualitative data using semi-structured interviews and the critical incident technique from 36 executive managers from 11 hospitals in Lebanon about the competencies of managers who use EBMgt when approaching problems and making decisions. Using inductive coding, we identified 13 competencies that we grouped into four dimensions: technical, cognitive, interpersonal and intrapersonal. We further classified the specific competencies underlying each of the dimensions into foundational and functional, and highlighted those that are critical for the practice of EBMgt in hospital settings, including open mindedness, research knowledge and skills, ethicality in research, resourcefulness and relationship management

Evidence-based management competency model for managers in hospital settings

Evidence-based management (EBMgt), which refers to using the best-quality evidence from different sources in decision-making, is becoming an imperative for managers in both profit and non-profit sectors. Yet, the competencies underlying EBMgt have not yet received much attention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the foundational and functional competencies of evidence-driven managers working in hospital settings and develop an empirically based competency model for evidence-driven managers. We collected qualitative data using semi-structured interviews and the critical incident technique from 36 executive managers from 11 hospitals in Lebanon about the competencies of managers who use EBMgt when approaching problems and making decisions. Using inductive coding, we identified 13 competencies that we grouped into four dimensions: technical, cognitive, interpersonal and intrapersonal. We further classified the specific competencies underlying each of the dimensions into foundational and functional, and highlighted those that are critical for the practice of EBMgt in hospital settings, including open mindedness, research knowledge and skills, ethicality in research, resourcefulness and relationship management

The neglected contexts and outcomes of evidence-based management: A systematic scoping review in hospital settings

Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the necessity of practicing Evidence-based Management (EBMgt) as an approach to decision-making in hospital settings. The literature, however, provides limited insight into the process of EBMgt and its contextual nuances. Such insight is critical for better leveraging EBMgt in practice. Therefore, the authors' aim was to integrate the literature on the process of EBMgt in hospital settings, identify the gaps in knowledge and delineate areas for future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a systematic scoping review using an innovative methodology that involved two systematic searches. First using EBMgt terminology and second using terminology associated with the EBMgt concept, which the authors derived from the first search. Findings The authors identified 218 relevant articles, which using content analysis, they mapped onto the grounded model of the EBMgt process; a novel model of the EBMgt process developed by Sahakian and colleagues. The authors found that the English language literature provides limited insight into the role of managers' perceptions and motives in EBMgt, the practice of EBMgt in Global South countries, and the outcomes of EBMgt. Overall, this study’s findings indicated that aspects of the decision-maker, context and outcomes have been neglected in EBMgt. Originality/value The authors contributed to the EBMgt literature by identifying these gaps and proposing future research areas and to the systematic review literature by developing a novel scoping review method

Validation of the Arabic Fear of Offensive Social Behaviors (FOSB) Scale in a Sample of Lebanese College Youth

<p>Background: The offensive subtype of Taijin Kyofusho (fear of interpersonal relations) has not yet been studied in the group-oriented Lebanon despite empirical evidence pointing to its potential cultural universality rather than cultural specificity. The purpose of this paper was to examine the factor structure of the 17-item Arabic Fear of Offensive Social Behaviors (FOSB) Scale, a measure of the offensive subtype of Taijin Kyofusho, its discriminant validity and its relation to theoretically grounded risk factors.</p> <p>Methods: Data was collected from Lebanese university students (N=300) using Arabic translated questionnaire batteries in a counterbalanced order.</p> <p>Results: Arabic FOSB Scale scores were independent of sex. Arabic FOSB Scale total scores and scores from two empirically derived factors, Fear of Offending Others and Offensive Social Behaviors, were correlated with social anxiety symptom scores and scores of anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and shame proneness.</p> <p>Conclusions: The findings suggest that the Arabic FOSB Scale is culturally relevant in the case of Lebanese college youth, that the scale is likely tapping two distinct aspects of the offensive subtype of Taijin Kyofusho; Fear of Offending Others and Offensive Social Behaviors, and that anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and shame proneness are potential risk factors in relation to fear of offensive social symptoms.</p

Developing a competency framework for academic physicians

<p><b>Background:</b> There is a mismatch between the requirements of the multifaceted role of academic physicians and their education. Medical institutions use faculty development initiatives to support their junior academic physicians, however, these rarely revolve around academic physician competencies. The aim of this study was to identify these academic physician competencies and develop a competency framework customized to an organizational context.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> The authors conducted semi-structured interviews and Critical Incident Technique with 25 academic physicians at a teaching medical center in the Middle East region inquiring about the behaviors of academic physicians in teaching, clinical, research, and administrative roles.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Using content analysis, the authors identified 16 competencies: five “Supporting Competencies”, common to all four roles of academic physicians, and 11 “Function-Specific Competencies”, specific to the role being fulfilled. The developed framework shared similarities with frameworks reported in the literature but also had some distinctions.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The framework developed represents a step towards closing the gap between the skills medical students are taught and the skills required of academic physicians. The model was customized to the context of the current organization and included a future orientation and addressed the literature calling for increasing focus on the administrative skills of academic physicians.</p

Impact of AI technologies on HCPs' work design

We examined how the use of AI technologies impacts the work design of HCPs by conducting a scoping review

Evidence-based Management Decision-Making Process in Hospital Settings

Evidence-based Management (EBMgt) refers to using the best available evidence when making managerial decisions. There is limited knowledge about the EBMgt process in different contexts. As such, the aim of the study is to build a grounded model that can help us better understand the evidence-based decision-making process and its contextual nuances within hospital settings. We explored the following three research questions among managers in hospital settings: (1) How is the EBMgt process manifested in practice? (2) What are the sources of evidence in EBMgt? (3) What contextual factors influence the process of EBMgt? To answer these questions, we collected qualitative data from executive managers working in multiple hospitals across Lebanon and used it to develop a grounded model of the EBMgt process. We collected data through interviews and the critical incident technique