Promising Technologies for dry land Agriculture

Not AvailableNatural Resource Management has important research agenda in view of the climate change, degradation of land and declining productivity in greenrevolution areas. Efficient methods of soil and rain water conservation and water harvesting become important areas of dryland agriculture research to achieve sustainability. Variation in crop yields is more in dry lands due to non receipt of timely rainfall and prolonged dry spells during crop periods. Adoption of soil and moisture conservation measures and improved management practices will help in getting higher yields.A large number of location specific practices for insitu moisture conservation, water harvesting and supplemental irrigation have been developed and tested successfully at All India Co-ordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu. Dryland Agriculture occupies a prominent place in rural livelihoods of Andhra Pradesh. In Andhra Pradesh out of 92.04 lakh ha of cultivable land an area of 34.56 lakh ha is under rainfed agriculture, mainly in scarce rainfall and southern agro climatic zones. AICRPDA, ARS, Ananthapuramu is continuing efforts to generate location specific technologies in the areas of rain water management, integrated nutrient management, cropping systems, farming systems, alternate land use and energy management.Not Availabl

Electronic Structure Evidence for All-Trans Poly(methylvinylidene cyanide)

On the basis of a comparison of theoretical quantum calculations, by both semiempirical and ab initio methods, with photoemission and inverse photoemission results, we suggest that polymethylvinylidenecyanide (PMVC) adopts an all-trans conformation with few, if any, alternating trans-gauche carbon–carbon bond arrangements. The comparison of theory with the available photoemission and inverse photoemission excludes the presence of a significant fraction of gauche bonds in the polymer chains, indicative of the all-trans conformation, with dipoles all aligned

Achievements of Soil Research in Dryland Regions of Andhra Pradesh

Not AvailableThe global rainfed crop lands were estimated at 1.132 billion hectares at the end of the last millennium. This is 2.78 times the net irrigated areas (407 m ha) of the world. Rainfed agro-ecosystems occupy a considerable place in Indian agriculture too, covering 80 million ha, in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid climatic zones; constituting nearly 58% of the net cultivated area. Rainfed regions support 60% of livestock, 40% of human population and contribute 40% of food grains and several special attribute commodities. Rainfed agro ecologies are complex, diverse, fragile, risky, under invested and require regionally differentiated investments and management strategies. Achieving high production potential is difficult in these rainfed areas due to vagaries of rainfall.Not Availabl

Performance of Quinoa under Rainfed Alfisols of South Peninsular India

Quinoa, an ancient crop to contribute to world food security and it is a crop with high potential to contribute to food security in various Regions worldwide, especially in those countries where the population does not have access to protein sources or where production conditions are limited by low humidity, reduced availability of inputs, and aridity. An attempt was done at ARS, Ananthapuramu to study the feasibility to raise the quinoa under rainfed conditions during kharif, 2015 and 2016 under RBD with 6 treatments in four replications. The crop was grown on 24th standard week and harvested at 40th standard week. Among the different varieties highest yield was recorded with under transplanting with 2150 kg/ha, with water use efficiency of 7.32 kg hamm-1 with IC-411824. Further highest germination percentage was recorded with the vermicompost when compared with soil when germination was kept under trays.IC-411824 recorded highest germination percentage (98 %) with vermicompost. The seed vigour and viability characters viz., germination index, seedling length and seed vigour index was highest with IC-411824. Under transplanting all the varieties matures earlier than direct sowing. The vegetative characters viz., plant height increases from vegetative to flowering in all varieties and recorded highest with IC-411824

Synthesis of 2-(2-aminophenyl)-3-hydroxyquinazolin-4(3H)-one - A synthon of quinazolino [3,2-<i>d</i>]<i> </i>[3,1,4]benzoxadiazepinones

411-414Synthesis of 2-(2-aminophenyl)-3-hydroxyquinazolin-4(3H)one by a novel ring contraction rearrangement is reported.

<span style="font-size:19.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Fd738659-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd738659-Identity-H;color:#060606;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Microwave induced <span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Fd761608-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Fd761608-Identity-H; color:#060606;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">dry <span style="font-size:19.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Fd738659-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd738659-Identity-H;color:#060606;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">media DDQ oxidation-A one step synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">H</i>)-ones</span></span></span>

220-222<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Fd761609-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd761609-Identity-H;color:#101010">An <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H;color:#101010">efficient microwave assisted solvent free DDQ mediated <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd731912-identity-h;="" color:#101010;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">oxidative synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">H)-ones <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:fd748002-identity-h;color:#101010;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">3 <span style="font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd731912-identity-h;="" color:#101010;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">is reported.</span

Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation using self-assembled chiral bidentate ligands

The chirality-directed self-assembly of bifunctional subunits around a structural metal-typically, zinc(II)-is used to form a heteroleptic complex in which a second set of ligating groups are suitably disposed to bind a second metal, forming a heterobimetallic catalyst system. We find that subtle changes in the structural backbone (i.e., ligand scaffold) of such chiral bidentate self-assembled ligands (SALs) can be used to manipulate the ligand topography and chiral environment around catalytic metal; thus, the scaffold can be optimized to maximize asymmetric induction. Using this combinatorial strategy for ligand synthesis, a preliminary study was carried out in which a library of 110 SALs was evaluated in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a simple N-acyl enamide. The level of enantioselectivity obtained varies from near racemic to greater than 80% ee as a function of the ligand scaffold, with the possibility of further improvement yet to be explored

Investigation of Ferroelectricity in Newly Synthesized Nitrile Polymer Systems

The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of newly synthesized polymer systems have been studied. To date PVDF and its copolymers P(VDF-TrFE) have provided the bulk of the knowledge pertaining to ferroelectricity in polymers. Recently, ultrathin ferroelectric films of P(VDF-TrFE) 70:30 have been fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique [4]. In this study, various new polymers have been synthesized by chemically altering the PVDF structure. This alteration was performed in order to enhance the amphiphilic nature of the polymer and thus improve the LB film quality and control. Various chemical groups have been used to replace the electropositive hydrogen and electronegative fluorine found in the traditional PVDF chemical structure, including Nitrile, Ester, and Methyl groups. In all cases the resulting chemical structure provides for a net dipole moment directed from the electronegative side of the monomer to the electropositive side. However, to obtain ferroelectricity these microscopic dipoles must first pack in a manner such that a reversible macroscopic dipole is obtained. Both structural and dielectric studies have been performed on a number of newly synthesized systems. The structural properties of these new materials were probed using both temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, while dielectric properties were investigated using electric field and temperature-dependent capacitance and polarization measurements

Comparison of the electronic structure of two polymers with strong dipole ordering

Two different polymers, with large local electric dipoles, are compared: copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE, 70%:30%)] and polymethylvinylidenecyanide (PMVC). While the different local point group symmetries play a key role, both crystalline polymers exhibit intra-molecular band structure, though the Brillouin zone critical points differ