Construction and Demolition Waste Management Practices in Sarawak: Priority for Regulation, Human Resources and Construction Method

Waste management is implemented by destroying and eliminating all waste from any sources of activities such as construction and demolition, minimising the waste, and reusing or recycling it. The primary purpose of managing waste is to reduce the amount of waste generated, and the reduction of waste aims to protect the environment. Improper waste management can cause damage to the ecosystem, increase air and water pollution, and destroy our health. Because of Sarawak's population increase, waste generation is becoming a big challenge. Among the major significant issue is lack of awareness, incompetence of the person in charge, administrative issues, lack of enforcement and poor technology. This study investigates the current implementation of managing construction and demolition waste in Sarawak. A questionnaire set was designed to obtain a perceptive opinion on the waste management practices in construction projects and demolition in Sarawak. A questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to 50 respondents from construction players in Sarawak. The respondents are among the construction players, including architects, contractors and consultants. The finding shows that many construction companies know the importance of managing waste as they have a procedure for managing waste in their construction operation. Moreover, concrete and aggregates list the highest-ranking waste from construction and demolition activities. This study provides mitigation measures and strategies to minimise the problems. It is anticipated that the finding of this study could assist contractors and developers in having a proper waste management system

KORELASI ANTARA SCYLLA DENGAN KINERJA USER PADA PT. TIGARAKSA SATRIA, TBK

KORELASI ANTARA SCYLLA DENGAN KINERJA USER PADA PT. TIGARAKSA SATRIA, TBK - Scylla, Kinerja User

Construction and Demolition Waste Management Practices in Sarawak: Priority for Regulation, Human Resources and Construction Method

Waste management is implemented by destroying and eliminating all waste from any sources of activities such as construction and demolition, minimising the waste, and reusing or recycling it. The primary purpose of managing waste is to reduce the amount of waste generated, and the reduction of waste aims to protect the environment. Improper waste management can cause damage to the ecosystem, increase air and water pollution, and destroy our health. Because of Sarawak's population increase, waste generation is becoming a big challenge. Among the major significant issue is lack of awareness, incompetence of the person in charge, administrative issues, lack of enforcement and poor technology. This study investigates the current implementation of managing construction and demolition waste in Sarawak. A questionnaire set was designed to obtain a perceptive opinion on the waste management practices in construction projects and demolition in Sarawak. A questionnaire survey was designed and distributed to 50 respondents from construction players in Sarawak. The respondents are among the construction players, including architects, contractors and consultants. The finding shows that many construction companies know the importance of managing waste as they have a procedure for managing waste in their construction operation. Moreover, concrete and aggregates list the highest-ranking waste from construction and demolition activities. This study provides mitigation measures and strategies to minimise the problems. It is anticipated that the finding of this study could assist contractors and developers in having a proper waste management system

PENGUATAN PENGELOLAAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS PENGEMBANGAN PETERNAKAN RUMINANSIA

Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak perlu melibatkan masyarakat lokal untuk mencapai tujuan kelestarian hutan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur potensi hijauan makanan ternak di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, khususnya di Kecamatan Cicurug Sukabumi dan merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis pengembangan peternakan ruminansia dengan memanfaatkan tumbuhan pakan ternak yang ada di daerah itu. Metode yang digunakan terdiri atas wawancara semi-terstruktur, focus group discussion, pengamatan, dan pengukuran di lapangan. Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak khususnya di Kecamatan Cicurug memiliki potensi hijauan makanan ternak sebesar 5880.422 ton per tahun dengan daya tampung sebesar 938.203 satuan ternak per tahun. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat yang paling tepat adalah strategi Strength-Opportunity, yaitu menggunakan kekuatan yang dimiliki untuk mendapatkan peluang yang ada

Calophyllum-Inophyllum from Pahang Malaysia as biolubricant feedstock for industrial application

Lubricant derived from Tamanu (Calophyllum-Inophyllum) fruits is a non-edible vegetable-based oil that is renewable, biodegradable and sustainable which could be added into the biolubricants products as feedstock for industrial application. The physicochemical properties of the crude Tamanu oil (CTO) including rheological, temperature and corrosion characteristicswere determined for suitability as base stock for lubricant production through comparison between the RBD palm olein (RBD-PO) and crude Jatropha oil (CJO). The lubricants underwent a series of analyses on their properties in terms of physical and chemical characteristics. The density, viscosity, flashpoint, water content, corrosion test, and acid value are measured following the ASTM standards. A four-ball wear test that was subjected to the CTO was conducted to determine its lubrication behavior for friction and wear resistance. Results have shown that the CJO has a better viscosity index compared to the CTO, whereas the CTO is better than the CJO in other measured properties. The properties of the Tamanu oil need to be improved except for its flash point and corrosion inhibition properties

Analysis Performance of Modified Tamanu Oil Enhanced with Additives as Potential Green Alternative in Metalworking Fluids

Mineral oils have long been utilized in industries as machining lubricants, which contributed to their depletion and hick in price and being non-biodegradable, harmful to the environment, and risk to health. Plant-based oil is more biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly as a green alternative. However, in their crude state, plant-based oils are not up to par with the standard mineral oil used in lubrication in terms of high acidity, low-temperature performance, and oxidative instability. Further chemical modification and adding additives had to be made to improve the oil properties for industrial applications. This study focused on the performance of transesterification of Tamanu plant-based oil with Trimethylolpropane (MTO) and Pentaerythritol (MTOP), which mixed with 1% of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (PIL) and 10% of Ammonium Ionic Liquid (AIL), producing a series of oil specimens; MTO, MTO+PIL1%, MTO+AIL%, MTOP, MTOP+PIL1%, and MTOP+AIL%. These samples are then subjected to physical analysis to determine the improvement of their properties in terms of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index as well as undergo a four-ball wear test to the determine the tribology aspects of the lubrication in terms of coefficient of frictions and wear scar diameter, in accordance with ASTM standard method. All the results were compared with commercial MWF which synthetic ester (SE) as reference oil. The result of viscosity index reveals that MTOP+PIL1% had the highest value of 178.76. MTO+AIL10% exhibits the lowest average COF (0.061) compared to other MTOs lubricants. Among MTOP, MTOP+PIL1% also had the lowest average COF which is 0.082. The addition of PIL1% to MTO and MTOP lowered the average scar diameter, 730.77 μm and 674.93μm respectively. With the enhanced properties from chemical modification and additives, Tamanu oil can be proposed as a green alternative for developing the metalworking fluid industries in the future

Analysis Performance of Modified Tamanu Oil Enhanced with Additives as Potential Green Alternative in Metalworking Fluids

Mineral oils have long been utilized in industries as machining lubricants, which contributed to their depletion and hick in price and being non-biodegradable, harmful to the environment, and risk to health. Plant-based oil is more biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly as a green alternative. However, in their crude state, plant-based oils are not up to par with the standard mineral oil used in lubrication in terms of high acidity, low-temperature performance, and oxidative instability. Further chemical modification and adding additives had to be made to improve the oil properties for industrial applications. This study focused on the performance of transesterification of Tamanu plant-based oil with Trimethylolpropane (MTO) and Pentaerythritol (MTOP), which mixed with 1% of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid (PIL) and 10% of Ammonium Ionic Liquid (AIL), producing a series of oil specimens; MTO, MTO+PIL1%, MTO+AIL%, MTOP, MTOP+PIL1%, and MTOP+AIL%. These samples are then subjected to physical analysis to determine the improvement of their properties in terms of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index as well as undergo a four-ball wear test to the determine the tribology aspects of the lubrication in terms of coefficient of frictions and wear scar diameter, in accordance with ASTM standard method. All the results were compared with commercial MWF which synthetic ester (SE) as reference oil. The result of viscosity index reveals that MTOP+PIL1% had the highest value of 178.76. MTO+AIL10% exhibits the lowest average COF (0.061) compared to other MTOs lubricants. Among MTOP, MTOP+PIL1% also had the lowest average COF which is 0.082. The addition of PIL1% to MTO and MTOP lowered the average scar diameter, 730.77 μm and 674.93μm respectively. With the enhanced properties from chemical modification and additives, Tamanu oil can be proposed as a green alternative for developing the metalworking fluid industries in the future

Antecedents and outcomes of brand management from the perspective of resource based view (RBV) theory

Brand management requires greater emphasis on internal factors to increase brand performance. A model of antecedents and outcomes of brand management is developed in this study based on the Resource Based View (RBV) Theory. Top management emphasis on brand, corporate supportive resources and market orientation are identified as crucial internal factors or antecedents for success of brand management. Apart from that, the brand management measurement are expanded in this study with the introduction of three new marketing constructs namely marketing capabilities, innovation and brand orientation as new dimensions in brand management which currently comprised of management related constructs. This study also contributes in the brand management of small and medium enterprise (SMEs) literature as previous studies mainly focused on the brand management for multinational companies or large organizations. One important issue of SMEs is the “internal” brand management which is currently under-researched even though it is critical in brand building and management. Therefore, this research aims to highlight the antecedents and outcomes of brand management in Malaysians’ SMEs based on RBV theory. A comprehensive literature review was done and a conceptual model is proposed in this literature review

Multi slot amplitude coding technique for high speed optical fiber communication system

The rapid progress of the high speed optical communications system is driven by the exponential growth of users demand on information and services. The trend towards high speed and high capacity transmission system are multiplexing technique such as electrical time division multiplexing (ETDM) and duty cycle division multiplexing (DCDM). Unfortunately, ETDM bit rate is limited by the speed of electronic devices and DCDM suffers from increased spectral width when the number of tributary increased. Therefore, in this research, a new multiplexing technique is proposed, known as Multi Slot Amplitude Coding (MSAC). In this technique, three, four and five tributaries can be achieved with less number of slots compared to DCDM. The performance of 310 Gbit/s MSAC is -26 dBm for receiver sensitivity (RS) and 25.5 dB for optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). The improvement of 3.5 dB for RS and 3.7 dB for OSNR are obtained when optimize level spacing is implemented. When compared to DCDM, the spectral width is reduced by around 25%, not less than 55% improvement of chromatic dispersion (CD) tolerance, 0.6 dB better RS, and 1.5 dB better OSNR. The spectral width for 310 Gbit/s, 410 Gbit/s and 510 Gbit/s MSAC is 60 GHz, which indicates improvement of spectral efficiency. Optical spectrum of MSAC has spectral line at 10 GHz to provide an accurate clock frequency at symbol rate. In addition the performance of MSAC technique is simulated under self phase modulation (SPM) effect. The result shows that the maximum launched optical power is +12.79 dBm and +12.62 dBm for 50 km and 80 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) with 100% compensation of dispersion using dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) at receiver. Moreover, SPM threshold improves around 2.7 dB when adopting the pre and post dispersion compensation method

Modified Tamanu Plant-Based Oil from Pahang Malaysia as biodegradable metalworking fluids

Metalworking fluid (MWF) is a cooling and lubrication agent for the machining process. It is used as a coolant for rapid heat removal and provides a lubrication mechanism at the cutting zone. However, commercial MWFs such as synthetic ester and mineral oil give negative effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, the manufacturing industry should substitute commercial oil with vegetable-based oil. Calophyllum Inophyllum or also known as Tamanu is one of the feasible plant that has abundant oil quantity. In this study, modified Tamanu based oil with Trimethylolpropane ester (MTO) and modified Tamanu based oil with Pentaerythritol ester (MTOP) have been prepared and tested for their physical and tribological properties. Two types of ionic liquids; Phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL) and Ammonium-based ionic liquid (AIL) were added to each Tamanu-based oil (MTO and MTOP) to enhance their physical and tribological properties. Physical tests and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were performed on each lubricant samples. The obtained results have shown that there is high viscosity index in MTOP + PIL 1 % and a lower double bond value in MTOP oil. MTOP + PIL 1 % has shown improvement in its tribological properties and can be comparable with commercial oil. Thus, it is suitable to be used as a substitute for commercial metalworking fluid in corresponding to green manufacturing activity