Gender disparities in primary education across siblings: is intra household disparity higher in regions with low child sex ratios?

Strong son preference in developing countries often motivates parents to undertake sex selection at birth, infanticide, and subsequent neglect of daughters, leading to low child sex ratios in these countries. An interesting question is whether such attitudes also lead to gender discrimination in primary education. While there is a vast literature on inter-household gender discrimination in education, studies of discrimination between siblings is comparatively rare. This paper asks the question: Do parents tend to educate sons more than daughters? Using unit level National Sample Survey Organization data for the 61st Round (2004-2005), we analyze disparity in primary educational attainments between siblings and examine whether such intra-household disparity is higher in areas where child sex ratios are low. Findings indicate that parental attitude towards education and practices may be more complicated and less uniformly negative at lower levels of education than commonly portrayed.Education, Gender, Sibling, India

Detection of Double-Nuclei Galaxies in SDSS

It is now well established that galaxy interactions and mergers play a crucial role in the hierarchical growth of structure in our universe. Galaxy mergers can lead to the formation of elliptical galaxies and larger disk galaxies, as well as drive galaxy evolution through star formation and nuclear activity. During mergers, the nuclei of the individual galaxies come closer and finally form a double nuclei galaxy. Although mergers are common, the detection of double-nuclei galaxies (DNGs) is rare and fairly serendipitous. Their detection is very important as their properties can help us understand the formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries, dual active galactic nuclei (DAGN), and the associated feedback effects. There is thus a need for an automatic/systematic survey of data for the discovery of double nuclei galaxies. Using the Sloan digital sky survey (SDSS) as the target catalog, we have introduced a novel algorithm "Gothic" (Graph-bOosTed iterated HIll Climbing) that detects whether a given image of a galaxy has characteristic features of a DNG (ASCL entry 2707). We have tested the algorithm on a random sample of 100,000 galaxies from the Stripe 82 region in SDSS and obtained a maximum detection rate of 4.2% with a careful choice of the input catalog

Value Stream Analysis of Fresh-Cut Vegetables in Bangladesh

Fresh-cut vegetable is a value added product and its demand shows remarkable growth tendency in Bangladesh. The study specifically examined the roles of value chain actors, value addition through marketing system and evaluating prospects of fresh-cut vegetables. Data obtained from a total of 103 vegetable customers (from Dhaka city), 10 outlet managers of SHWAPNO supermarket (from Dhaka city), 20 vegetable growers and 35 marketing intermediaries by using purposive sampling technique. Among available fresh-cut vegetables, 5 vegetables named taro root, amaranth stem, taro root stem, green pea and bean seed are considered in this study. Using marketing margin and value added models; the results indicate that each actor along the value chain starting from farmer to retailer (supermarket) added a significant amount of value. Processor and supermarket added highest value among all selected fresh-cut vegetables’ value chain actors. There is enough scope to develop specific channel for fresh-cut vegetable marketing. Moreover, the evaluation results of SWOT analysis accurately reflected the fresh-cut vegetable market situation which made it possible to assess the potentiality and identify strategies for development of this market in Bangladesh

Profile of dehydration fever in a medical college hospital sick newborn care unit

Background: Neonatal fever due to dehydration is common in warm climatic conditions. There are reports of serious complications of dehydration fever such as seizures, disseminated intravenous coagulation, acute kidney injury, multiple cerebrovascular accidents, and even fatalities. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the number of newborns admitted into the sick newborn care unit (SNCU) with dehydration fever, to ascertain about other associated comorbid conditions, and to know the outcome of these newborns following treatment. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the SNCU records of neonates admitted with fever with no evidence of infection during three summer months (April, May, and June) in the years 2018 and 2019. Status of hydration in all such babies at the time of admission was noted (as clinically evident by loss of more than 10% of birth weight, decreased urination, dryness of the oral cavity and eyes, loss of skin turgor, and sunken anterior fontanelle). The outcome of all the neonates, who were treated according to the existing protocol, were also noted. Results: Out of the total 4570 neonates admitted during the study period, 52 (1.094%) were having dehydration fever. Among them, 8 (15.38%) were preterm, 11 (21.15%) were intrauterine growth restriction, and the rest 33 (63.46%) were term, appropriate for gestation. Males were slightly more than females (29:23). Electrolyte imbalance was not seen in any of the babies. Although, initially, all the babies were lethargic, they all improved promptly following intravenous rehydration along with the maintenance of thermoneutral environment and the maximum hospital stay noted was only 3 days. Conclusion: Fever in newborn due to pure dehydration, even without electrolyte imbalance exists, and it should be considered in warm climatic condition

Test Pattern Generation Algorithm Using Structurally Synthesized BDD

Structurally Synthesized Binary DecisionDiagrams (SSBDDs) have an important characteristicproperty of keeping information about circuit’s structure.Boolean difference of a circuit is used to find test pattern forstuck at fault in combinational circuit but the algebraicmanipulation involved in solving Boolean difference is atedious job. In this paper an efficient algorithm is proposed tocompute Boolean difference and test patterns simply usingsearching the paths of SSBDD. This model reduces algebraicmanipulations and takes less time to compute the test pattern

Gender disparities in primary education across siblings: is intra household disparity higher in regions with low child sex ratios?

Strong son preference in developing countries often motivates parents to undertake sex selection at birth, infanticide, and subsequent neglect of daughters, leading to low child sex ratios in these countries. An interesting question is whether such attitudes also lead to gender discrimination in primary education. While there is a vast literature on inter-household gender discrimination in education, studies of discrimination between siblings is comparatively rare. This paper asks the question: Do parents tend to educate sons more than daughters? Using unit level National Sample Survey Organization data for the 61st Round (2004-2005), we analyze disparity in primary educational attainments between siblings and examine whether such intra-household disparity is higher in areas where child sex ratios are low. Findings indicate that parental attitude towards education and practices may be more complicated and less uniformly negative at lower levels of education than commonly portrayed

Gender disparities in primary education across siblings: is intra household disparity higher in regions with low child sex ratios?

Strong son preference in developing countries often motivates parents to undertake sex selection at birth, infanticide, and subsequent neglect of daughters, leading to low child sex ratios in these countries. An interesting question is whether such attitudes also lead to gender discrimination in primary education. While there is a vast literature on inter-household gender discrimination in education, studies of discrimination between siblings is comparatively rare. This paper asks the question: Do parents tend to educate sons more than daughters? Using unit level National Sample Survey Organization data for the 61st Round (2004-2005), we analyze disparity in primary educational attainments between siblings and examine whether such intra-household disparity is higher in areas where child sex ratios are low. Findings indicate that parental attitude towards education and practices may be more complicated and less uniformly negative at lower levels of education than commonly portrayed

Association of serum pregnancy associated plasma protein: a with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. GDM has many adverse consequences on the health of mother and fetus. Methods: This cohort study was carried out involving 77 women of 11 to14-week pregnant attending in the Gynecology & Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine OPD, BSMMU from September 2020 to August 2021. Results: Respondents were divided into two groups. Low PAPP-A group (<0.5MoM) and normal PAPP-A group (>0.5MoM). In low PAPP-A group, out of 16 respondents, 8 (42.1%) developed GDM and remaining 8(13.8%) were euglycemic. Whereas, in normal PAPP-A group, out of 61 respondents, majority 50 (86.2%) were euglycemic and only 11 (57.9%) women developed GDM. A total 19 (24.68%) respondents developed GDM from both low and normal PAPP-A group. ROC analysis of PAPP-A level for detection of GDM, a AUC value of 0.889 (95% CI 0.818-0.960) found which was statistically significant. A cut off value of ≤16.80 showed the highest Youden index (0.652) with 89.4% sensitivity and 81% specificity, the accuracy was 83.35. Moreover, a cut off value ≤16.80 showed PPV and NPV of 62.1% and 95.9%, respectively. PAPP-A level of GDM detected (10.32±5.56) µg/ml was significantly lower from non GDM mothers (25.08 ±9.85) µg/ml, where p<0. 001. Conclusions: Study finding revealed that maternal serum PAPP-A level was lower in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy who subsequently developed GDM. So, a low PAPP-A level (<0.5 MoM) in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy is associated for development of GDM

Reactivity of electrochemically synthesised zinc nanofiber in facile reduction of nitro and azide compounds

1076-1083Electrochemistry is used in generation of metallic nano zinc wire from aqueous zinc chloride. For this electrochemical process we have designed a unit galvanic cell. During the electrochemical process both aliphatic and aromatic nitro and azide compounds undergo facile reduction to the corresponding amines. ZnCl2 is used as stoichiometric reagent and causes electrochemical deposition of zinc in cathode. During the process wire shaped nano zinc architecture has been formed in cathode which is supposed to be the active reagent for reduction. The cathode deposited material has been characterised by powder XRD, XPS, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, SQUID etc. The corresponding amines are prepared in good yields. Both zinc salts and aqueous solution can be recycled

Laparoscopy Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pet Animals

Laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery have become increasingly popular in veterinary medicine as they offer numerous benefits over traditional surgical techniques. This paper provides an overview of the basic principles of laparoscopy, the equipment and surgical instruments required, anesthesia and patient considerations, insufflation techniques, and specific laparoscopic procedures in veterinary medicine, such as biopsy, cystotomy, enterotomy, cryptorchidectomy, and gastropexy. Methods: Published peer-reviewed reports were used to write this short review paper. Results: The use of laparoscopy is enormously beneficial over open surgery. Published literature suggests using laparoscopy to reduce blood loss. Laparoscopy which is a minimally invasive surgery provide better visualization, less pain and scarring, faster recovery times, and fewer complications than traditional open surgery. Conclusion: The uses of laparoscopy in veterinary medicine are growing and continue to advance, offering new techniques and applications that will benefit both veterinarians and pet owners