A RARE CASE OF PERFORATED ILEAL DIVERTICULITIS IN A YOUNG MAN: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Jejunoileal diverticulosis is a rare, often asymptomatic condition, consisting of acquired false diverticula. Diagnosis of ileal perforation is usually made incidentally or after complications, including obstruction, haemorrhage and diverticulitis. A previously healthy 17-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with diffuse abdominal pain and fever. CT scan showed air-fluid level in the RLQ and free intraperitoneal air and fluid. The patient underwent an urgent exploratory laparotomy with an intestinal resection and primary anastomosis. We report a rare case of ileal perforation, due to diverticular disease in a healthy young man, treated an urgent surgery. Such an event requires immediate surgical intervention, especially if it presents as an acute abdomen. Although it can become a surgical emergency, jejunoileal diverticulosis remains underdiagnosed

AMYAND'S HERNIA, AN UNKNOWN ENTITY THAT MAY CAUSE SURGEONS DIFFICULTY: OUR EXPERIENCE AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Amyand's hernia is an inguinal hernia, containing the appendix within the hernial sac. Claudius Amyand described the first clinical case in 1735. Despite the high incidence of inguinal canal hernia disease in the population with approximately 20 milion patients that undergo hernia repair annually, Amyand's hernia is a rare clinical conditions. It is characterized by an incidence of 1 % (0,19-1.7) and in 0,13 % of all cases, the appendix is inflamed. In this article, we will present our experience related to the treatment of a complicated Amyand's hernia, occasionally found during an emergency surgery for the repair of an incarcerated inguinal hernia. In addition, we will conduct a medical review of this pathology that often represents an unpleasant surprise for the surgeon

A BRIEF DISSECTION GUIDE TO HUMAN THORAX

The purpose of this technical report is to present that, in summer 2018, a group of students from the University of Palermo did at the University of malta. The students have the experience to dissected a thorax under a guide to expert dissectors. This work would be also a small dissection guide for young students who want to learn the main bases of dissectio

CORRELATION BETWEEN IBD, INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS, DIET AND MOOD TONE DISEASE: ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE

This essay's main goal the present review is to highlight the connections between intestinal dysbiosis and the ensuing activation of the mucosal lymphatic system. One of the study's goals is to investigate the impact on mood caused by a serotonergic deficit driven by mucosal inflammation. It assesses the relationship between food consumption and the onset of psychological and mental illness as a secondary end aim. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and psychological and psychiatric mood disorders appear to benefit therapeutically from the sort of diet they consume

Probiotics Can Cure Oral Aphthous-Like Ulcers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Review of the Literature and a Working Hypothesis

Dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of several chronic autoimmune or inflammatory pathologies (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases-IBD), because of its primary role in the establishment of a chronic inflammatory process leading to tissue damage. Inflammatory bowel diseases can even involve areas far away from the gut, such as the extraintestinal manifestations involving the oral cavity with the onset of aphthous-like ulcers (ALU). Studies carried out on animal models have shown that intestinal dysbiosis may be related to the development of autoimmune diseases, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet well known. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that in inflammatory bowel diseases patients, aphthous-like ulcers are the result of the concomitance of intestinal dysbiosis and other events, e.g., the microtraumas, occurring in the oral mucosa, and that ex adiuvantibus therapy with probiotics can be employed to modify the natural course of the aphthous-like ulcers

A BRIEF GUIDE TO THE ANATOMICAL DISSECTION OF THE STOMACH

The purpose of this article is to write a short guide on the macroscopic anatomy of the stomach, describing its structures, its relationships within the abdominal cavity and the dissection methods used during the internship performed by a group of students from the University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy, at the University of Malta, Msida, Malta, during the summer of 2018. Indeed,, they had the opportunity to spend a period of two weeks at the department of Anatomy in the Maltese University for studying and practining on some corpses, with the aim of improving their anatomical knowledge

The role of emtu in mucosae remodeling: Focus on a new model to study chronic inflammatory lung diseases

In recent years, part of the scientific community has focused its attention on the involvement of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) in mucosa remodeling, monitoring its role in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. The term EMTU is used to describe the anatomic and functional relationship between the attenuated fibroblast sheath and epithelial tissue, i.e. the signaling between epithelial cells and the underlying fibroblasts, which are in close indirect physical contact with the former. These interactions are important for many airway functions, such as differentiation during lung growth, repair of damaged tissue and regulation of inflammatory response. Several studies have indicated a key role for the EMTU in the processes that influence mucosae remodelling. These processes can be observed in different pathologies, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on the primary role of the EMTU in mucosa remodeling, aiming to give a contribution to an issue that, if deepened may lead to more efficient treatments for the handling of chronic respiratory diseases. The close correlation between the reactivation of the EMTU in adult age and the onset of chronic diseases of the respiratory system is now widely accepted by the scientific community. It is therefore of fundamental importance to enhance our knowledge on its reactivation and the processes that lead to tissue remodeling. Pinpointing the key molecular pathways would provide new therapeutic targets for limiting the remodeling processes typical of subjects suffering from different types of airway pathologies

Mastoidectomy in surgical procedures to treat retraction pockets: a single-center experience and review of the literature

Purpose: Retraction pocket (RP) is a common event affecting the middle ear when a negative pressure within it causes a retraction of a single part of the tympanic membrane (TM). Patients can be asymptomatic or can experience hearing loss, fullness feeling and/or ear discharge. RP can be stable or develop a cholesteatoma; aim of the study was to investigate if mastoidectomy may play a role in the surgical management of patients suffering from RP, both reporting our experience and discussing the existing literature. Methods: Fifty-one patients affected by RP were referred for surgery and randomly divided into two groups. Patients of G1 group underwent tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy, patients of G2 group underwent tympanoplasty only. A systematic review of the literature was then carried out by applying the PRISMA guidelines. Results: The mean follow-up lasted about 36 months. The G1 and G2 groups reached a postoperative mean air-bone gap (ABG) of 7.1 dB HL and 5.1 dB HL, respectively, with a mean ABG improvement of 13.2 dB HL and 12.4 dB HL. An ABG improvement was observed in the 59.7% of the G1 group and in the 63.2% of the G2 group, respectively (p > 0.5). Only one case of long-term complication was recognized in the G1 group. We combined, integrated and analyzed results of our prospective study with results of the literature review. Conclusions: Based on the combined results of our study and literature review we may conclude that there is no evident benefit in performing mastoidectomy for the treatment of RP. In fact, no differences in ABG improvement or in RP recurrence were reported between the two groups

A DISSECTION'S GUIDE TO HUMAN ABDOMINAL CAVITY

The purpose of this article is to show the abdominal cavity's dissection method. In the summer of 2018 a group of students from the University of Palermo, who had already taken the anatomy exam and had good knowledege of English, went for a period of two weeks to do a dissection course at the University of malta. The students dissected skin, subcutaneously, muscle layers, parietal peritoneum and abdominal organs. this works proves to be a small dissection guide for young medical students who want to learn the main bases of dissection and important information for topographical anatomy

Augmented reality gamification for human anatomy

This paper focuses on the use of Augmented Reality technologies in relation to the introduction of game design elements to support university medical students in their learning activities during a human anatomy laboratory. In particular, the solution we propose will provide educational contents visually connected to the physical organ, giving also the opportunity to handle a 3D physical model that is a perfect reproduction of a real human organ