Presentation of the levels of Gene Expression of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Caco-2/HT29-MTX, SAE, and THP-1 cells, using Bioinformatics tools (in silico)

The evolution of studies and learning about the functioning of the human genome made gene expression techniques increasingly explored and applied in recent years\u27 research. There is a need for a deeper understanding of these materials\u27 toxicology in bioinformatics and nanotechnology. Therefore, the present work aims to present the gene expression levels of three studies using three different human cell lines (co-culture of Caco-2/HT29-MTX, SAE, and THP-1 cells), submitted to NPs of carbon dioxide of titanium, via free bioinformatics tools, such as the Limma package (Bioconductor) and Reactome. The data were prepared and standardized by executing the Limma package (Bioconductor), and the results of the most and least expressed genes were used in Reactome. Results show the activation of some genes in common to the experiments, highlighting the co-culture samples of Caco-2/HT29-MTX and THP-1 cells treated with titanium dioxide Nps

Production, characterization and biological evaluation of nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin and their comparison with the free form

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tricresol formalin is composed of 90% formaldehyde and 10% cresols, highly volatile, has action at a distance, has been used in endodontics since the 20th century, and it remains widely used in Brazil in dental treatments, in necrotic teeth and with periapical lesions. However, there is still controversy regarding the biological compatibility under the conditions of clinical use of this drug, as the studies carried out on this substance and its components are not consistent with its clinical use. Formaldehyde is reported as a potential cytotoxic substance, because when in direct contact with cells it is responsible for a cytogenotoxic response, so an alternative to increase stability and ensure the safe administration of this compound in direct contact with cells would be nanoencapsulation. The use of nanomaterials provides numerous advantages, as the main interests are increased solubility and drug release control. Study objective: This study aimed to produce and characterize nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin as active, evaluating and comparing the in vitro cytotoxic effect of free and nanostructured forms.Materials and methods: a nanoparticle was produced, optimization of the preparation method and characterization of nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin. Were performed antimicrobiological tests, tests for cell viability through the tetrazolium method assay (MTT), free radical production, double strand DNA damage, and nitric oxide production. Results: The formulation used did not show toxic behavior against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of tricresol formalin in human fibroblast cells. The nanostructures showed values ​​similar to the free form for antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles showed mean particle size of 192.3 ± 2.5 nm, PDI of 0.101 ± 0.013, zeta potencial of -17.7 ± 2.8 mV, and pH of 5.48 ± 0.3. Conclusion: Thus, it is evident that nanocapsules containing tricresol formalin can become a safer alternative for use within endodontics

Software para Auxílio no Processo de Elaboração do Cariótipo

Muitas anomalias e doenças genéticas podem ser descobertas através da análise da forma e das características morfológicas dos cromossomos. Para alcançar este objetivo, geralmente constrói-se o cariótipo, a partir de uma fotografia obtida através de um microscópio, através da organização e ordenação dos cromossomos de uma célula humana de acordo com o seu tamanho. Apesar dos grandes avanços nas técnicas de cultura celular, bandeamento, coleta e análise dos materiais para a elaboração do cariótipo, este processo ainda é bastante empregado de forma manual, pois a oferta de sistemas automáticos que auxiliem o trabalho dos geneticistas ainda é baixa. Através da automatização deste processo é possível agilizar condutas terapêuticas, obtendo resultados em um espaço de tempo menor. Desta forma, este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta capaz de auxiliar o geneticista na elaboração do cariótipo humano através da automatização do processo de segmentação de metáfases e identificação dos cromossomos através de imagens obtidas de um microscópio

Biogenic Synthesis and antibiofilm efficacy of iron nanoparticles via computer simulation

The search for new drugs can be accelerated by in silico methods, i.e., fully computational methods known for their speed and low cost, allowing the analysis of a large amount of data, e.g., thousands of possible antimicrobials, in a few weeks. Molecular docking and first-principles calculations are great allies in this quest. They enable the assessment of protein-ligand interactions and can predict interactions between NPs and macromolecules to provide more information about the interactions and dynamics of NPs in biological systems. In this context, this work aims to use in silico methods to detect the formation of biogenic metallic nanoparticles from functional microalgal biomolecules of the genus Chlorella, which have chelation of metal ions as a fundamental property, and to verify the possible antibacterial biofilm efficacy using computational tools such as molecular docking. In a first analysis, it was found that the iron salt FeSO4 was the most suitable to bind the microalgal enzyme and produce its phytochelatin protein. Following this result, an analysis of the electronic structure of the phytochelatin complex with the iron salt was carried out, proving its structural modification at the nanometric level, after which an analysis of its therapeutic effect on antibiofilm activity was performed. S. aureus, a bacterium known for its multiresistant to antibiotics, these results demonstrate, through alternative in silico methods, the physiological role of phytochelatin from microalgae in the detoxification and bioremediation of metallic contaminants

Evaluation in vitro of antimicrobial activity of tucumã oil (Astrocaryum Vulgare)

Hospital Infection is a major health problem and affects around 1.5 million people annually around the world. The Amazon region has a wide diversity of native palm trees that have fruits and oilseeds. Astrocaryum vulgare, commonly known as Tucumã in Brazil, belongs to the family Arecaceae. This palm has orange, fleshy, single-egg-shaped fruits that are used for therapeutic purposes in diseases of the eyes and skin due to the high content of carotenoids, oil is used in cooking, health treatment and massage. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the Tucumã oil against 18 microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of Tucumã was measured through the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), as well as the determination of the Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) aiming to contribute to the discovery of new antimicrobials against pathogenic microorganisms’ human health and may contribute to the treatment of nosocomial infections. The results showed that the oil of Tucumã presented antimicrobial activity against five important bacteria, four Gram - positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus agalactiae) and one Gram - negative (Acinetobacter baumannii)

Safety profile and prevention of cognitive deficit in alzheimer’s disease model of graphene family nanomaterials, Tucuma oil (Astrocaryum Vulgare) and its synergisms

Alzheimer\u27s disease is a worldwide health issue, and there are currently no treatments that can stop this disease. Oxidized graphene derivatives have gained prominence in use in biological systems due to their excellent physical-chemical characteristics, biocompatibility and ability to overcome the blood-brain barrier. Other substances highlighted are those of natural origin from the Amazon biome, such as tucuma, a fruit whose oil has been widely studied in therapeutic applications. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the action of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and tucuma oil, isolated and combined, as an alternative for treatment of Alzheimer\u27s disease through studies in silico, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. Computational simulation via docking was used to verify the affinity of the substances with the proteins β-amyloid and acetylcholinesterase, in which the reduced graphene oxide was the one that showed the most favorable interaction. The results of the ab initio simulation showed that the synergism between the nanostructures and the oil occurs through physical adsorption. The experimental results revealed that the substances and their combinations were nontoxic, both at the cellular and systemic level. In general, all treatments had positive results against induced memory deficit, but reduced graphene oxide was the most prominent, as it was able to protect against memory damage in all behavioral tests performed, with anticholinesterase activity and antioxidant effect. In conclusion, the reduced graphene oxide is, among the treatments studied, the one with great therapeutic potential to be investigated in the treatment of this disease

Effects of nanocapsules containing all-trans-retinoic acid under hemolytic and coagulation activity

The chemotherapeutic all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) used in the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia has adverse effects on its oral administration, with which we incorporated a system of drugs, the nanocapsules, in order to have a possible improvement in solubility, photosensitivity, lower toxicity, generating pharmacological efficacy. The objective was to evaluate and compare the hemolytic and coagulation activity of the free drug (AL), nanoencapsulated (NA) and the white nanocapsules (NB) by analyzing the results of hemolysis, Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT). We developed a prospective study of treatments at different concentrations of 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 μg/mL. For the first test, all concentrations showed hemolytic activity, but when compared to NA with ATRA it is observed that these carriers induced lower hemolytic toxicity. In the PT test the nanoparticles at the two lowest concentrations remained in the physiological range (12 - 15 seconds). For the APTT test the three lowest concentrations remained within the control (25 - 35 seconds). Thus, we believe there is a promising benefit of using these nanoparticles developed and no doubt further studies will be performed to confirm the responses obtained here

Effect of synthesis temperature on crystallinity, morphology and cell viability of nanostructured hydroxyapatite via wet chemical precipitation method: Effect of temperature on hydroxyapatite properties

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main natural mineral constituent of bones and is a good alternative for biomedical applications because it is osteoconductive, non-allergenic, and non-carcinogenic, which ensures high biocompatibility. A commonly used method for obtaining hydroxyapatite is the wet route, which is simple and low-cost, produces only water as a final residue, and provides HA with a crystallinity comparable to that of bone tissue, which favors its biocompatibility. Therefore, the objective of this work is to synthesize hydroxyapatite via the wet chemical precipitation method at different temperatures (4°C, 30°C, 50°C, or 70°C) to observe the influence of temperature on crystallinity, morphology, and cytotoxicity. The results of X-ray diffraction show that all syntheses resulted in pure hydroxyapatite, while increasing the temperature led to higher crystallinity (10.6% to 56.2%) and the crystal size was slightly affected. The increase in temperature changed the particle shape from irregular to needle-like. Cell viability was tested by PicoGreen® in VERO cells for samples at concentrations of 30 and 300µg/mL, and the samples synthesized at 4°C, with lower crystallinity, caused less DNA damage to cells compared to the negative control. &nbsp

Tucumã extracts decreases PML/RARΑ gene expression in NB4/APL cell line

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a cancer pharmacologically treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), although well tolerated by most patients, some develop toxicity to ATRA, Differentiation Syndrome. The Amazon Biome has several fruits and oil plants rich in micronutrients, particularly carotenoids as the fruit tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum). This study analyzed the antitumor and cytoprotective activity of tucumã with and without concomitant exposure of ATRA in high concentration mimicking the toxicity of differentiation syndrome, as the potential cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic in an APL cell line. The cultured NB4 cells were exposed to ethanolic extracts of tucumã and to synergism with extracts and ATRA. Determination of proliferation, cell viability, caspases 1, 3, 8 and cell differentiation by nested RT-qPCR. The ATRA control had a strong inhibitory effect and toxicity as expected. The extracts also reduced cell proliferation by triggering apoptosis in concentration-dependent and reversing chromosome translocation, especially the lowest tested concentration of tucumã pulp extract. In the synergism, extracts act to maintain the levels of viability and apoptosis equal to the ATRA control but in contrast to drug that causes death and destruction of the genetic material, tucumã demonstrated a reduction of the gene expression indicating a possible protection against the toxicity of high concentrations of ATRA. These results suggest that fruits rich in retinoid molecules may have a cytotoxic effect against APL cells and reduced concentrations of carotenoids may act as cytoprotectors in APL cells treated with high concentrations of ATRA promoting cellular/molecular differentiation

Efeitos do treinamento físico na resposta imunológica de ratos expostos à vincristina

A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Alterações imunológicas são alguns dos efeitos do quimioterápico mais apresentados pelos pacientes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar se o exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de natação, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5% do peso corporal) poderia melhorar os déficits imunológicos em ratos Wistar posteriormente tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administração da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. No 15º dia os ratos foram submetidos à retirada de sangue para análise do sistema imunológico pelo hemograma e dano ao DNA pelo teste Picogreen. Observou-se uma diminuição significativa no número de leucócitos, plaquetas e nos níveis de eritrócitos nos ratos tratados com o quimioterápico, assim como significativo dano no DNA celular. No entanto, o exercício foi capaz de proteger dessa diminuição das células do sistema imune e do dano causado ao DNA no grupo que praticou o exercício e recebeu o quimioterápico. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a diminuição das células do sistema imune e dano ao DNA causado pelo tratamento com o quimioterápico em ratos.Mesa de trabajo 7: Educación Física y SaludFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació