Field evidence of reproduction impairment through sperm DNA damage in the fish nase (Chondrostoma nasus) in anthropized hydrosystems

International audienceThis work aims to explore in the field the relationship between the integrity of sperm DNA and the quality of offspring as a possible cause of the decline of a feral fish population through reproduction impairment. Mature nase (Chondrostoma nasus) were caught during the breeding season in three locations (A–C) of the Rhône River basin and gametes collected by stripping. Sampling locations were chosen according to the following gradient of contamination due to human activities on the watershed: A ≤B < C. Samples of a pool of collected oocytes were fertilized with the sperm of individual males and then incubated individually back in the lab to study embryo-larval development as well as using sperm samples to assess DNA integrity. Genetic analysis clearly showed the absence of a difference in genetic structure between the three studied C. nasus populations from the Rhône basin. Sperm DNA integrity was significantly lower in males from station C compared to other ones while sperm biochemical characteristics and fertilization rate remained almost unchanged whatever the station. Mortality and abnormality rates measured at both hatching and at the end of yolk sac resorption stages followed the same trend as the sperm DNA damage, demonstrating an impact of river water quality on nase fitness through a loss of sperm DNA integrity. Since the level of both abnormalities and mortality measured in offspring of fish caught in the most contaminated area reached high values up to 15% and 80%, respectively, the hypothesis that the observed nase decline in Rhône River stemming through selection forces can be put forward

Fictions d’anticipation politique

Comme dans la Science-Fiction, le récit littéraire ou filmique d’anticipation politique, à partir de données fournies par les sciences et la technique de l’époque de sa création, projette le lecteur ou le spectateur dans une société future. Mettant l’accent sur une rupture avec l’Ancien Monde (à la suite d’une guerre ou d’un cataclysme), il imagine de nouvelles façons de vivre, généralement façonnées par une technique très développée et un pouvoir autoritaire. Influencé par l’utopie, mais relevant le plus souvent de la contre-utopie (dystopie), il décrit volontiers des sociétés totalitaires, un monde absurde auquel le présent conduirait presque inéluctablement, ce qui implique une critique politique de l’époque contemporaine. Il revêt ainsi un caractère prophétique et constitue une réflexion sur le Pouvoir, ainsi que sur la notion même de civilisation. Enfin, étant donné qu’il s’agit le plus souvent de romans, écrits dès l’origine par de grands écrivains (H.G. Wells, J. London), on peut sans doute conclure à l’existence d’un véritable sous-genre romanesque : le roman d’anticipation politique, entouré d’un corpus très abondant d’œuvres ressortissant à la paralittérature, et de fictions cinématographiques

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