14 research outputs found
Circular RNAs and Its Biological Functions in Health and Disease
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to the family of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) that, unlike linear RNAs, are characterized by a covalently closed circular RNA structure lacking 5′ cap and 3′ poly-adenylated tails. circRNAs have a role in epigenetic regulation of downstream targets. circRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene and protein expressions by acting as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge and RNA binding protein (RBP) sponge and interact with proteins to affect cell behavior. circRNA expression profiles differ between physiological and pathological states. Moreover, the expression patterns of circRNAs exhibit differences in a tissue-specific manner. Although investigations on circRNAs have been exploding nowadays, yet only a limited number of circRNAs are identified. Furthermore, further researches are needed to shed light on their functions and targets. Therefore, circRNAs are becoming vital as potential biomarkers that may be used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this chapter, we review the current advancement of cirRNAs with regard to their biogenesis, biological functions, gene regulatory mechanisms, and implications in human diseases and summarize the recent studies on circRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers based on existing knowledge
Expression of iNOS, COX-2 and VEGF in canine mammary tumours and non-neoplastic mammary glands: Association with clinicopathological features and tumour grade
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and VEGF mRNA levels and malignancy degree in canine malignant mammary tumours. Thirty-five bitches presented with the complaint of mammary masses, aged 6–10 years and representing different breeds, were used. The expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and VEGF mRNA levels were significantly higher in both benign and malignant tumours than in the adjacent nonneoplastic mammary glands (P < 0.05). The iNOS, COX-2 and VEGF mRNA expression levels of grade 2 tumours were higher than those of grade 1 tumours; however, the highest expression levels were detected in grade 3 tumours. Thus, increased iNOS, COX-2 and VEGF gene mRNA levels were found to be related with the histological grade of malignancy in dogs with mammary tumours
PHENOXODIOL SENSITIZES METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS TO 5-FLUOROURACIL-AND OXALIPLATIN-INDUCED APOPTOSIS THROUGH INTRINSIC PATHWAY
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer seen
in the world. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) plus Oxaliplatin (1-OHP) remains the
backbone of CRC chemotherapeutics, but with limited success. Phenoxodiol
(Pxd) is an isoflavone analog with antitumor activity against various
types of cancers, and sensitizes chemoresistant cancer cells to
chemotherapeutics including platinum and taxanes. This study was,
therefore, undertaken to examine whether Pxd pre-treatment with
conventional chemotherapeutic agent(s) 5-Fu and 1-OHP co-administration
be a therapeutic strategy for CRC. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were
evaluated using dimethyl-thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT)
and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The percentage of apoptotic and
necrotic cells were determined by fluorescence microscopy analysis.
Besides, active Caspase-3 levels by ELISA and relative mRNA levels of
Caspase 3 (CASP3), CASP8 and CASP9 genes were determined by quantitative
real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis. The pre-treatment of Pxd followed by 5-Fu
and 1-OHP co-administration was more effective at inhibiting cell
viability than either chemotherapeutic agents treatment alone. When
compared to 5 -Fu with 1-OHP alone treatment, Pxd pre-treatment
overwhelmingly increased apoptotic Caspase-3 activity levels in CRC
cells. Moreover, qPCR analyses showed that CASP3 and CASP9 mRNA levels
significantly increased after pretreatment with Pxd followed by 5-Fu and
1-OHP treatments, compared to 5-Fu with 1-OHP alone. Our results
suggested that Pxd enhanced the in vitro antitumor activity of 5-Fu and
1-OHP. Our study also suggested that Pxd may be a potential candidate
agent in advanced CRC and inclusion of Pxd to the conventional
chemotherapeutic agent(s) could be an effective therapeutic strategy for
CRC
Serum Concentrations of Anti-Mullerian Hormone and its Expression in the Remnant Ovarian Tissue of Rats with Experimentally Induced Ovarian Remnant Syndrome
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is synthesised in the Sertoli cells of the
testes and granulosa cells of the ovary. As the ovaries seem to be the
primary source of AMH, it may be used for determination of the presence
or absence of ovaries or ovarian remnants in mammalians. The purpose of
the present study was to compare the serum AMH concentration of rats
with experimentally induced ovarian remnant syndrome and the expression
of AMH in the ovarian tissue removed during ovariohysterectomy and
remnant ovarian tissue. A total of eighteen Sprague Dawley rats were
used in the study. Group I consisted of 6 rats that were gone through
ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) experimentally, group II consisted of 6
rats in which both ovaries were removed and group III consisted of 6
rats that were sham-operated. Median laparotomy was performed in the all
groups under general anaesthesia. AMH mRNA expression was determined
using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). AMH
mRNA expression levels in group I were decreased on day 30 after surgery
when compared to day 0 (P>0.05). Mean concentration of serum AMH on day
10 after surgery in group I, II and III were found 2.27 +/- 0.52 ng/ml,
<0.312 ng/ml and 3.96 +/- 0.53 ng/ml, respectively (P<0.05). In
conclusion, this finding suggests that evaluation of serum AMH
concentration could be an useful method to determine the presence or
absence of ovaries or ovarian remnants in the rat
HDAC inhibitors, MS-275 and salermide, potentiates the anticancer effect of EF24 in human pancreatic cancer cells.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a major role in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression by changing acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins. MS-275 (entinostat, MS) is a well-known benzamide-based HDACI and Salermide (SAL), a reverse amide compound HDACI, have antiproliferative effects on several human cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of HDACIs (MS and SAL) alone and/or combined use with EF24 (EF), a novel synthetic curcumin analog, on human pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3). In vitro, BxPC-3 cells were exposed to varying concentrations of MS, SAL with or without EF, and their effects on cell viability, acetylated Histone H3 and H4 levels, cytotoxicity, and cleaved caspase 3 levels, and cell cycle distribution were measured. The viability of BxPC-3 cells decreased significantly after treatment with EF, MS and SAL treatments. MS and SAL treatment increased the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in a dose dependent manner. MS and SAL alone or combined with EF were increased the number of cells in G1 phase. In addition, treatment with agents significantly decreased the ratio of cell in G2/M phase. There were significant dose-dependent increases at cleaved Caspase 3 levels after MS treatment but not after SAL treatment. Our results showed that HDAC inhibitors (MS and SAL), when combined with EF, may effectively reduce pancreatic cancer cell (BxPC-3) progression and stop the cell cycle at G1 phase. Further molecular analyses are needed to understand the fundamental molecular consequences of HDAC inhibition in pancreas cancer cells
Melatonin Modulates NMDA-Receptor 2B/Calpain-1/ Caspase-12 Pathways in Rat Brain After Long Time Exposure to GSM Radiation.
To investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin on the chronic radiation emitted by third generation mobile phones on the brain
Association of rs10757274 and rs2383206 Polymorphisms on 9p21 locus with Coronary Artery Disease in Turkish Population
Background and Objectives: Genetic predisposition is an important risk
factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to
evaluate the impact of rs10757274 and rs2383206 polymorphisms in
chromosome 9p21 on presence and severity of CAD in a Turkish population.
Subjects and Methods: A total of 646 patients who underwent coronary
angiography were included in this study. Coronary vessel score and
Gensini score were calculated to assess the angiographic severity of
CAD. Alleles of AA, AG, and GG were determined for rs10757274
(polymorphism-1) and rs2383206 (polymorphism-2) polymorphisms located in
chromosome 9p21 from the blood samples.
Results: There was a significant difference between the alleles in
polymorphism-1 in the presence of coronary artery disease (38.9\% in AA,
48.0\% in GG and 56.4\% in AG, p=0.017). However, there was no
difference between the alleles in polymorphism-2. According to vessel
scores, there was a significant difference between the alleles in
polymorphism-1 (AA 0.71 +/- 1.04, GG 0.88 +/- 1.07, AG 1.06 +/- 1.12,
p=0.018). In polymorphism-2, vessel scores did not show a difference
between the alleles. In polymorphism-1, there was a significant
difference in Gensini score (p=0.041). Gensini scores did not differ
between the alleles in polymorphism-2 (p>0.05 for all). In multivariate
analyses, none of the alleles was an independent factor for presence of
CAD.
Conclusion: The presence of rs10757274 polymorphism including AG allele
in chromosome 9p21 was related to CAD. However, this relationship was
not independent of other cardiovascular risk factors
HDAC INHIBITORS, MS-275 AND SALERMIDE, POTENTIATES THE ANTICANCER EFFECT OF EF24 IN HUMAN PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a major role in the regulation of
chromatin structure and gene expression by changing acetylation status
of histone and non-histone proteins. MS-275 (entinostat, MS) is a
well-known benzamide-based HDACI and Salermide (SAL), a reverse amide
compound HDACI, have antiproliferative effects on several human cancer
cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of HDACIs (MS
and SAL) alone and/or combined use with EF24 (EF), a novel synthetic
curcumin analog, on human pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3). In
vitro, BxPC-3 cells were exposed to varying concentrations of MS, SAL
with or without EF, and their effects on cell viability, acetylated
Histone H3 and H4 levels, cytotoxicity, and cleaved caspase 3 levels,
and cell cycle distribution were measured. The viability of BxPC-3 cells
decreased significantly after treatment with EF, MS and SAL treatments.
MS and SAL treatment increased the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in a
dose dependent manner. MS and SAL alone or combined with EF were
increased the number of cells in G1 phase. In addition, treatment with
agents significantly decreased the ratio of cell in G2/M phase. There
were significant dose-dependent increases at cleaved Caspase 3 levels
after MS treatment but not after SAL treatment. Our results showed that
HDAC inhibitors (MS and SAL), when combined with EF, may effectively
reduce pancreatic cancer cell (BxPC-3) progression and stop the cell
cycle at G1 phase. Further molecular analyses are needed to understand
the fundamental molecular consequences of HDAC inhibition in pancreas
cancer cells