Report on cruises and data stations 2021

The report gives an overview of cruises in 2021, by the Institute of Marine Research, University of Bergen and Tromsø and Norwegian Polar Institute, on board our research vessels and many of the hired commercial vessels. Each cruise has a short description and a track chart showing CTD and trawl stations. A table displaying the coverage of the oceanographic sections in addition to a table showing the number of observations per month for the fixed stations are included at the end of the report. Meta data about the cruises are reported to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) using the form “Cruise Summary Report”: https://www.seadatanet.org/Metadata/CSR-Cruises . Research data (and chart) are available from the Norwegian Marine Data Centre at Institute of Marine Research (https://www.nmdc.no). Charts are generated by Silje Smith-Johnsen using ggOceanMaps by Mikko Vihtakari (IMR). There are no overview or maps for the cruises with our vessels "Fangst" and "Hans Brattstrøm".Report on cruises and data stations 2021publishedVersio

A volumetric census of the Barents Sea in a changing climate

The Barents Sea, located between the Norwegian Sea and the Arctic Ocean, is one of the main pathways of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Changes in the water mass transformations in the Barents Sea potentially affect the thermohaline circulation through the alteration of the dense water formation process. In order to investigate such changes, we present here a seasonal atlas of the Barents Sea including both temperature and salinity for the period 1965–2016. The atlas is built as a compilation of datasets from the World Ocean Database, the Polar Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography and the Norwegian Polar Institute using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) tool. DIVA allows for a minimization of the expected error with respect to the true field. The atlas is used to provide a volumetric analysis of water mass characteristics and an estimation of the ocean heat and freshwater contents. The results show a recent “Atlantification” of the Barents Sea, that is a general increase in both temperature and salinity, while its density remains stable. The atlas is made freely accessible as user-friendly NetCDF files to encourage further research in the Barents Sea physics (https://doi.org/10.21335/NMDC-2058021735, Watelet et al., 2020).publishedVersio

From SeaDataNet to SeaDataCloud: historical data collections and new data products

Temperature and Salinity historical data collections covering the time period 1900-2013/2014 were created for each European marginal sea (Arctic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea) within the framework of SeaDataNet2 Project and they are available as ODV collections through a web catalog (https://www.seadatanet.org/Products/Aggregated-datasets). Two versions have been published and they represent a snapshot of the SeaDataNet database content at two different times: V1.1 (January 2014) and V2 (March 2015). A Quality Control Strategy (QCS) was developped and continuously refined in order to improve the quality of the database content and create the best data products. The QCS consists of four main phases: 1) data harvesting from the data infrastructure; 2) file and parameter aggregation; 3) secondary quality check analysis; 4) correction of data anomalies. The approach is iterative to facilitate the upgrade of the database content and it allows a versioning of data products. Regional temperature and salinity monthly climatologies have been produced from V1.1 historical data collections and they are also available (https://www.seadatanet.org/Products/Climatologies). Within the new SeaDataCloud Project the release of updated historical data collections and new climatologies is planned. SeaDataCloud novelties are the introduction of decadal climatologies at various resolutions, the development of climatologies for the Global Ocean and a task dedicated to new data products, like Mixed Layer Depth climatologies, Ocean Heat Content estimates, coastal climatologies from HF radar data. All SeaDataCloud products are available through a dedicated web catalogue together with their relative Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and Product Information Document (PIDoc) containing all specifications about product’s generation, quality assessment and technical details to facilitate users’ uptake. The presentation will briefly overview the existing SeaDataNet products and introduce the SeaDataCloud products’ plan, but the main focus will be on the first release (February 2018) of SeaDataCloud Temperature and Salinity historical data collections, spanning the time period 1900-2017, their characteristics in terms of space-time data distribution and their usability.SeaDataCloud ProjectPublishedVienna4A. Oceanografia e clim

SeaDataNet regional climatologies: an overview

In the frame of the SeaDataNet project, several regional climatologies for the temperature and salinity are being developed by different groups. The data used for these climatologies are distributed by the 40 SeaDataNet data centers. Such climatologies have several uses: 1. the detection of outliers by comparison of the in situ data with the climatological fields, 2. the the optimization of locations of new observations, 3. the initialization of numerical hydrodynamic models. 4. definition of a reference state to identify anomalies and to detect long-term climatic trends Diva (Data Interpolating Variational Analysis) software is adapted to each region by taking into account the geometrical characteristics (coastlines, bathymetry) and the distribution of data (correlation length, signal-to-noise ratio, reference field). The regional climatologies treated in this work are: - JRA5: North Atlantic - JRA6: Mediterranean Sea - JRA7: Baltic Sea - JRA8: North Sea, Arctic Sea Several examples of gridded fields are presented in this work. The validation of the different products is carried out through a comparison with the last release of the widespread World Ocean Atlas 2005

SeaDataCloud Data Products for the European marginal seas and the Global Ocean

Data products, based on in situ temperature and salinity observations from SeaDataNet infrastructure, have been released within the framework of SeaDataCloud (SDC) project. The data from different data providers are integrated and harmonized thanks to standardized quality assurance and quality control methodologies conducted at various stages of the data value chain. The data ingested within SeaDataNet are earlier validated by data providers who assign corresponding quality flags, but a Quality Assurance Strategy has been implemented and progressively refined to guarantee the consistency of the database content and high quality derived products. Two versions of aggregated datasets for the European marginal seas have been published and used to compute regional high resolution climatologies. External datasets, the World Ocean Database from NOAA and the CORA dataset from the Copernicus Marine Service in situ Thematic Assembly Center, have been integrated with SDC data collections to maximize data coverage and minimize the mapping error. The products are available through the SDC catalogue accompanied by Product Information Documents containing the specifications about product’s generation, characteristics and usability. Digital Object Identifiers are assigned to products and relative documentation to foster transparency of the production chain, acknowledging all actors involved from data providers to information producers

Observasjoner i faste oseanografiske snitt fram til år 2012

Dette heftet gir en oversikt over faste snitt som Havforskningsinstituttet har dekket fram t.o.m. år 2011. Havforskningsinstituttet har gjennom årene gjort observasjoner langs tallrike mer eller mindre faste kurser. En del av disse er etter hvert blitt definert som faste snitt, som har vært forsøkt dekket regelmessig. Disse snittene kan i historisk perspektiv ha variert en del med hensyn til utgangspunkt, kursretning og stasjonstetthet. Siden 1979 har det foreligget "Posisjonslister for faste snitt". Siste utgave av denne, 4. utgave, kom i juni 2000

Operational Data distribution at Institute of Marine Reasearch

The Norwegian marine datacenter (NMD) started serving operational research data from vessels operated by the Institute of Marine Research in the early 2000. Through the EU FP7 project MyOcean NMD has become the thematic assembly center for Arctic in-situ data. As a thematic assembly center NMD deliver in-situ data to the global assembly center and to the ocean forecasting centers where it’s used for assimilation or validation of model output. The data service has been expanded to include data from other data sources like the Coriolis data service. Real time quality control procedures have been defined in the MyOcean project and all data goes through these procedures and are flagged according to the SeaDataNet Quality flag scale. The Institute of Marine Research has also started work to operationalise other data types gathered on research vessels. These data types include different kinds of biological samples and chemical data that will become available to scientists in near real tim

A system for online assessment of fish welfare in aquaculture

Aquaculture sea cages can now be more than 30 meters deep. It has therefore become next to impossible for fish farmers to form a complete picture of the welfare situation of the fish. It is consequently all ]important to develop an automatic system for continuous assessment of fish welfare in sea cages. One such system under development is the Welfaremeter. The Welfaremeter consists of a profiling probe (CTD), a control unit, a database, an expert software program and an internet webpage. The probe measures temperature, oxygen, salinity, fluorescence and turbidity for each half meter downwards in the cage. The control unit determines how often the probe profiles the water column and sends the measurement data via the mobile phone network (GPRS) to a database at The Norwegian Marine Data Centre, Institute of Marine Research. These data are then analysed by the expert software which gives an evaluation of the environmental conditions in the cage as either very good, fair or potentially harmful for the fish. Future versions of the expert software will also give possible reasons for poor environmental conditions and advice for how the farmers, if possible, can remedy the situation or at least diminish harm to the fish. The high density of fish farms in many costal zones means that the Welfaremeter has potential as a future source of data for environmental and fisheries research. The purpose of this talk is to give an insight into the present prototype and how we plan to improve the system further. Keywords: Fish welfare, CTD, GPRS, expert softwar

SeaDataCloud Temperature and Salinity Climatology for the Arctic Ocean (Version 2)

The SeaDataCloud Temperature and Salinity seasonal climatologies have been processed from the historical Data Collection of the Arctic Ocean (from 56°N to 83°N and from 45°W to 70°E) including temperature and salinity in situ data of the water column  for the period 1955 -2019. Seasonal climatological fields are provided for the whole time period 1955-2019, six decades (1955-1964/1965-1974/1975-1984/1985-1994/1995-2004/2005-2014) and a pentad 2015-2019. A subset of the World Ocean Database 2018 (WOD18, https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOD/pr_wod.html) dataset has been integrated as external data-source to improve data availability for analysis. The climatology has been computed with DIVAnd software, version 2.6.6