Changes in beverage consumption from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study

Objective: To describe changes in consumption of different types of beverages from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy, and to examine associations with maternal age, educational level and BMI. Design: Cross-sectional design. Participants answered an FFQ at inclusion into a randomized controlled trial, the Fit for Delivery (FFD) trial, in median gestational week 15 (range: 9–20), reporting current consumption and in retrospect how often they drank the different beverages pre-pregnancy. Setting: Eight local antenatal clinics in southern Norway from September 2009 to February 2013. Subjects: Five hundred and seventy-five healthy pregnant nulliparous women. Results: Pre-pregnancy, 27% reported drinking alcohol at least once weekly, compared with none in early pregnancy (P<0·001). The percentage of women drinking coffee (38 % v. 10 %, P < 0·001), sugar-sweetened beverages (10 % v. 6 %, P=0·011) and artificially sweetened beverages (12% v. 9%, P=0·001) at least daily decreased significantly from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy, while the percentage of women who reported to drink water (85% v. 92%, P<0·001), fruit juice (14% v. 20%, P=0·001) and milk (37% v. 42%, P=0·001) at least daily increased significantly. From pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy higher educated women reduced their consumption frequency of coffee significantly more than women with lower education. Older women reduced their consump- tion frequency of coffee and artificially sweetened beverages and increased their consumption frequency of fruit juice and milk significantly more than younger women. Conclusions: There is a significant change in beverage consumption from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy among Norwegian nulliparous women. Keywords Beverage consumption Dietary change Pregnant womenpublishedVersio

Dietary interventions in overweight and obese pregnant women: a systematic review of the content, delivery, and outcomes of randomized controlled trials

Interventions targeting maternal obesity are a healthcare and public health priority.status: publishe

Dietary interventions in overweight and obese pregnant women: a systematic review of the content, delivery, and outcomes of randomized controlled trials

Context: Interventions targeting maternal obesity are a healthcare and public health priority. Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of the methodological designs implemented in dietary intervention trials for obesity in pregnancy. Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature, consistent with PRISMA guidelines, was performed as part of the International Weight Management in Pregnancy collaboration. Study Selection: Thirteen randomized controlled trials, which aimed to modify diet and physical activity in overweight and obese pregnant women, were identified. Data Synthesis: There was significant variability in the content, delivery, and dietary assessment methods of the dietary interventions examined. A number of studies demonstrated improved dietary behavior in response to diet and/or lifestyle interventions. Nine studies reduced gestational weight gain. Conclusion: This review reveals large methodological variability in dietary interventions to control gestational weight gain and improve clinical outcomes in overweight and obese pregnant women. This lack of consensus limits the ability to develop clinical guidelines and apply the evidence in clinical practice